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1、Unit 1 Caring for Our EarthPassage AFrog Story蛙的故事A couple of odd things have happened lately.最近发生了 几桩怪事儿。I have a log cabin in those woods of Northern Wisconsin. I built it by hand and also added a greenhouse to the front of it. It is a joy to live in. In fact, I work out of my home doing audio pro
2、duction and environmental work. As a tool of that trade I have a computer and a studio. 我在北威斯康星州的树林中有一座小木屋。是我亲手搭建的，前面还有一间花房。住在里面 相当惬意。实际上我是在户外做音频制作和环境方面的工作一一作为干这一行的工具，我还 装备了一间带电脑的工作室。I also have a tree frog that has taken up residence in my studio.还有只树蛙也在我的工作室中住了下来。How odd, I thought, last November
3、when I first noticed him sitting atop my sound-board over my computer.I figured that he(and I say he,though I really don t have a clue if she is a he or vice versa) would be more comfortable in the greenhouse. So I put him in the greenhouse. Back he came. And stayed. After a while I got quite used t
4、o the fact that as I would check my morning email and online news, he would be there with me surveying the world. 去年十月， 我第一 次惊讶地发现他(只是这样称呼罢了，事实上我并不知道该称“他”还是“她”)坐在电脑 的音箱上。我把他放到花房里去，认为他待在那儿会更舒服一些。可他又跑回来待在原地。 很快我就习惯了有他做伴，清晨我上网查收邮件和阅读新闻的时候，他也在一旁关注这个世 界。Then, last week, as he was climbing around looking
5、like a small gray / green human, I started to wonder about him.可上周，我突然对这个爬上爬下的“小绿人或小灰人”产生了好奇心。So, there 1 was, working in my studio and my computer was humming along.I had to stop when Tree Frog went across my view.He stopped and turned around and just sat there looking at me.WellJ sat back and look
6、ed at him. For five months now he had been riding there with me and I was suddenly overtaken by an urge to know why he was there and not in the greenhouse,where I figured he? d live a happier frog life.于是有一天，我正在工作室里干活，电脑嗡嗡作响。当树蛙从我面前爬过时，我不得不停止工作。他停下了并转过身来，坐在那儿看着我。好吧, 我也干脆停下来望着他。五个月了，他一直这样陪着我。我突然有一股强烈
7、的欲望想了解他: 为什么他要待在这儿而不乐意待在花房里？我认为对树蛙来说，花房显然要舒适得多。“Why are you here, I found myself asking him,“你为什么待在这儿？ 我情不自禁地问他。As I looked at him, dead on, his eyes looked directly at me and I heard a tone. The tone seemed to hit me right in the center of my mind. It sounded very nearly like the same one as my com
8、puter. In that tone I could hear him “say to me, “Because I want you to understand. Yo. That was weird. u Understand what? ” my mind jumped in. Then, after a moment of feeling this communication, I felt I understood why he was there. I came to understand that frogs simply want to hear other frogs an
9、d to communicate. Possibly the tone of my computer sounded to him like other tree frogs. 我目不转睛地盯着他，他也直视着我。然后我听到一种叮咚声。这种声“The most important reason why I decided on Caltech was, once the offer was made, I was well received by the staff, administration, and faculty.v He also felt he could make his own
10、 way specializing in dynamics in a department strong on structure. And the Mediterranean climate3 didn, t hurt. That was 1976.“我决定去加州理工学院的最重要的原因是，我的申请一提出，就受到了全院教职员工、领导和系里的热烈欢迎。”同时他认为，在一个以结构研究 见长的系里，自己能在专攻动力学方面取得成功。并且，加利福尼亚的地中海气候也令人惬 意。那是发生在1976年的事情。Zewail was off and running, earning tenure in a yea
11、r and a half, making full professorship by 1982, seated in the Pauling Chair4 by 1990. Now with a Nobel Prize under his belt, whats next? u First of all, r m not retiring,he said. Andi m not going to Hollywood.扎威尔的事业 可谓一帆风顺。他在加利福尼亚理工学院工作一年半后就获得了终身教席，1982年被聘为 正教授，1990年获泡令首席教授荣誉。如今他又将诺贝尔奖揽入囊中，下一步他该干些什
12、 么呢？ “首先，我还不会退休，”扎威尔说。“而且我也不会去好莱坞。”In the coming years, Zewail looks forward to more breakthroughs. He will remain active in research and in publishing papers, which he considers to be his babies (363 to date). Tracking the progress of two papers within a week of receiving the prize, he reached a su
13、rprised editor who said, “ You on the phone? Impossible! I thought you d be out wining and dining. He will continue to push the envelope of what is possible.扎威尔期望今后几年里能再有突破性的成果。他将继续活跃在科研领域、积极发表论文，他视其论文如自己的儿女(迄今为止他已经发表了 363篇论文)。在获得诺贝尔奖后不到一个星期内，扎威尔就打电话给编辑追问两篇论文的 进展情况，这让编辑大为惊讶，问道：“是你在给我打电话吗？不可能吧！我想你一定出
14、去 喝酒赴宴了。”他将继续尽力去揭示尚待研发的领域的奥秘。(711 words)音似乎一下子就进入了我的大脑中枢，因为它和电脑里发出来的声音十分接近。在那个声音 里我听到树蛙对我说”：“因为我想让你明白。嗜，太不可思议了。“明白什么？ 我 脑海中突然跳出了这个问题。然后经过短暂的体验这种交流之后，我觉得我已经理解了树蛙 待在这儿的原因。我开始理解树蛙只是想听到其他同类的叫声并与之交流。或许他误以为计 算机发出的声音就是其他树蛙在呼唤他。Interesting.真是有趣。I kept working. I was working on a story about global climate c
15、hange and had just received a fax from a friend. The fax said that the earth is warming at 1.9 degrees each decade. At that rate I knew that the maple trees that I love to tap each spring for syrup would not survive for my children. My beautiful Wisconsin would become a prairie by the next generatio
16、n. 我继续工 作。我正在写一个关于全球气候变化的故事。有个朋友刚好发过来一份传真，说地球的温度 正以每十年1.9度的速度上升。我知道，照这种速度下去，每年春天我都爱去提取树浆的这 片枫林，到我孩子的那一代就将不复存在。我的故乡美丽的威斯康星州也会在下一代变成一 片草原。At that moment Tree Frog leaped across my foot and sat on the floor in front of my computer. He then reached up his hand to his left ear and cupped it there. He sat
17、 before the computer and reached up his right hand to his other ear. He turned his head this way and that listening to that tone. Very focused. He then began to turn a very subtle, but brilliant shade of green and leaped full force onto the computer. 此刻，树蛙从我脚背跳过去站在电脑前的地板上。然后他伸出手 来从后面拢起左耳凝神倾听，接着他又站在电
18、脑前伸出右手拢起另一支耳朵。他这样转动着 脑袋，聆听那个声音，非常专心致志。他的皮肤起了微妙的变化，呈现出一种亮丽的绿色， 然后他就用尽全力跳到电脑上。And then I remembered the story about the frogs that I had heard last year on public radio. It said frogs were dying around the world. It said that because frogs skin is like a lung turned inside out, their skin was being af
19、fected by pollution and global climate change. It said that frogs were being found whose skin was like paper. All dried up. It said that frogs are an indicator species. That frogs will die first because of the sensitivity. 我猛然想起去年在收音机里听 到的一则关于青蛙的消息，说是全世界的青蛙正在死亡。消息说因为青蛙的皮肤就像是一个 内里朝外的肺，所以正在受到污染和全球气候变化
20、的影响。据说已经发现有些青蛙的皮肤已 变得像纸一样干瘪。还说青蛙是一个“物种指示器”，由于对环境敏感，这个物种会先遭灭 顶之灾。Then, I understood. 这时我明白了。The frogs have a message for us and it is the same message that some sober folks have had for us. u There are no more choices., We have reached the time when we must be the adults for the planet, for the sake
21、of the future generations of humans and for frogs. 青蛙向我们传递了 一个信息。一些头脑清醒的人士也曾向我们传递过同样的信息，那就是“我们别无选择。” 我们已经进入了关键时刻，为了人类的子孙后代，也为青蛙，我们必须对这个星球负起主人 的责任。Because we are related.因为我们休戚相关。Then I understood that there are no boundaries, that there is no more time. 我还明白 了 我们之间没有界限，明白了时间的紧迫。That we, for the sake
22、 of our relatives, must act now.为了 我们的亲人，我们必须马上行动起来。And then I understood, not only why the frog was there, but, also why I am here. 于是我明白了这只青蛙此行的目的，也知道自己在这儿该做些什么。(736 words)Passage BMission Zero 归零使命Ray C. Anderson (July 28, 1934 - August 8, 2011) was founder and chairman of Interface, Inc., one of
23、 the world? s largest manufacturers of modular carpet for commercial and residential applications. He was u known in environmental circles for his advanced and progressive stance on industrial ecology and sustainability.雷?C?安德森(1934 年 7 月 28 日 2011 年 8 月 8 日)是全球最大的商业和住宅用拼块式地毯制造商之一一一英特飞有限公司的创始人和 董事长。
24、他因在“工业生态和可持续发展方面表现出的先进和发展的立场而闻名于环保界”。“If it exists, it must be possible v , asserts Amory Lovins 1, co-founder and chief scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute! think tank. He is talking about my company. Fellow industrialists, I dare say, thought my ambition impossible to realize when fourteen y
25、ears ago I described my aspirations for Interface Inc. to turn into what it actually is becoming today. Indeed, around then, the CEO of a major competitor looked at me in the eye, and said, “Ray, you are a dreamer.n Yet, as Amory says, “If it exists” “如果有其存在，就必然有其可能，”落基山研究 所智囊团的联合创始人和首席科学家艾默里?洛文斯如此断
26、言道。他说的正是我的公司。我 敢说，当十四年前我描述我的志向，要把英特飞公司变成它今天正在呈现的模样时，各位实 业家同人都认为我的雄心壮志根本不可能实现。事实上，一个主要竞争对手的总裁当时就瞪 着我说：“雷，你是一个梦想家。”然而，正如艾默里所说，“如果有其存在”The u impossible “ that exists today is a petroleum-intensive carpet manufacturer (for both energy and raw material) that has reduced net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
27、 by 88 percent, in absolute tons, and its water usage by 79 percent since 1996, even as sales have grown by two-thirds and earnings have doubled. In 1994 Interface set out on a mission to be the first industrial? company that, by its deeds, shows the entire industrial world what sustainability is, i
28、n all its dimensions: people, process, product, profit, and place. Our definition of sustainability is to operate our petro-intensive company so as to take from the Earth only that which is naturally and rapidly renewable, and to do no harm to the biosphere. 今天存在的这个“不可能”是一 家(在能源和原材料方面)高度依赖石油的地毯制造商，从
29、1996年至今将温室气体净排放 量减少了 88% (以实打实的吨数计)，用水量减少了 79%,而销售额却反而增加了三分之 二，收益翻了一番。英特飞于1994年开始完成一项使命，力争”成为首家生态实业公司， 通过自己的所作所为向整个实业界全方位地展现可持续性发展的理念:涵盖人员、生产过程、 产品、利润、地点等各个方面。”我们对持续性发展的定义是：我们这家高度依赖石油的公 司，坚持其运营只从地球获取可以自然而快速再生的资源，并且不对生态造成危害。Cumulatively, we have avoided $372 million in costs by eliminating waste, in
30、a quest that is half way to achieving waste-free perfection by 2020. We define waste as any cost that does not add value for our customers. This translates ambitiously into doing everything right the first time,every time. We even define energy that still comes from fossil fuels as waste, something
31、to be eliminated. Indeed, while offsets have a critical role to play in helping Interface (and, indeed, all of us) to reach our sustainability goals, we will not achieve them until we begin to redefine fossil fuel energy in this way. Sounds incredible? Remember, “If it exists ”.通过消除浪费，我们已经累计降低了 3亿7千
32、2百万美元的成本，正在向2020年力争达到零浪费的完美目 标迈进。我们对浪费的定义是：凡是不能给客户带来价值的花费都是浪费。这一定义雄心勃 勃地转化为行动理念：做任何事情都要一开始就做对，而且每次如此。我们甚至把依然取自 化石燃料的能源也定义为浪费，并作为要消除的对象。通过减少浪费而获得的补偿确实起了 关键性作用，有助于英特飞(其实也包括所有公司)达到可持续发展目标；如果我们不这样 重新定义化石燃料能源，我们就不可能最终实现可持续发展的目标。听上去有些不可思议？ 请记住，“如果有其存在”Indeed our belching smokestacks, our gushing effluent
33、pipes, our mountains of waste 一 all completely legal 一 provided tangible proof that business was good. They meant jobs, orders coming in, products going out, and money in the bank. 的确,我们的烟囱烟雾腾腾,我们 的管道污水喷涌，我们的废料堆积如山一一所有这一切都完全合法一一这是我们生意兴隆的 确凿证据。这就说明有业可就，订单滚滚而来，产品源源出厂，以及利润存入银行。That all changed with a q
34、uestion that came from our customers: u What is Interface doing for the environment?v We had not heard that question before, and had no good answers. For a “ customer-intimate “ company, this was untenable. Looking for an answer and a determination to respond with credible, demonstrable, and measura
35、ble results and transparent accountability 一 set us on this course,所有这一切都因消费者提的一个问题而改变：“英特飞对环境有何贡献？ ”这个问题我们以前闻所未闻，更无法交出满意的答案。对于一 个善待消费者的公司而言，这是难以交代的。为寻求答案，还有决意给消费者提供一个可信、 可见和可考量的结果并承担明晰的责任，我们踏上了征途。Can taking a profitable business apartat the height of its success make business sense? The waste elimi
36、nation initiative alone 一and the avoided costs of $372 million over 13 years have more than offset all the investments and expenses incuiTed in pursuit of our goal which we now call “Mission Zero： zero environmental impacts by the year 2020. This has allowed the business case for sustainability to d
37、evelop and become crystal clear. Costs are down, not up dispelling a myth and exposing the false choice between the environment and the economy.将一个处于鼎盛时期的赢利企业拆卸分解，从商业的角度看合理吗？仅消除浪费这一项行动，以及 13年来因此而节约下来的3亿7千2百万美元的成本，不仅抵消而且超出了我们在追求持 续发展目标方面的投资和花费总额。我们现在将此目标命名为“归零使命”：到2020年实 现对环境的零影响。“归零使命”使这个可持续性发展的实业案例
38、得以发展，并变得清澈透 明。成本下降了，并非上升了，一个虚构的理念就此打破，让我们看到在环境和经济之间并 非必然就是择此伤彼的虚假选择。Amazingly, this initiative has produced a better business model, a better way to bigger and more legitimate profits. It out-competes its competitors in the rough and tumble of the marketplace, but not at the expense of the Earth or
39、future generations. Instead it includes Earth and generations not yet born in win-win-win relationships. As validation of this, the Interface share price has moved from $2 to $20 in four years, as we have dug out of the deepest, longest recession in our industry s history, a recession we might not h
40、ave survived without the enormous boost of sustainability. 令人惊讶的是，这一创举产生了一个更好的商业模式，找到了一个可获 取更大利润，并且收入更加合法的更好的途径。这种模式在激烈残酷的市场竞争中击败了它 的所有对手，却并不以伤害地球或后代的利益为代价。相反，这种模式将地球和尚未出生的 后代纳入一种三赢的关系。作为证明，英特飞的股价四年内从2美元攀升至20美元，公司 也从产业史上影响最深、持续最久的经济衰退中脱险而出。如果没有可持续性发展的极大推 动，我们也许无法在这场经济衰退中存活下来。But, what about the big
41、picture? What does the Interface journey have to teach us? A sustainable society into the indefinite future depends totally and absolutely on a vast, ethically driven redesign of the industrial system, triggered by an equally vast mind-shift 一 one mind at a time, one organization at a time, one tech
42、nology at a time, one building, one company, one university curriculum, one community, one region, one industry at a time until the entire system has been transformed into a sustainable one existing ethically in balance with Earth s natural systems, upon which every living thing, even civilization i
43、tself, utterly depends. 但 是，怎样从全局来看呢？英特飞的历程能给我们带来什么启迪？ 一个可持续发展的社会要想 久远维系，就需要全方位地、彻头彻尾地对工业体系进行庞大的、由道德驱动的重新设计, 这要由同样庞大的思想认识转变来启动，即一次改变一个想法、一个机构、一项技术、一座 建筑、一家公司、一所大学的课程、一个社区、一个地区、一个行业，直到整个体系转变成 为一个可持续发展的，在道德准则上能与地球生态系统和谐相处的体系，这才是所有的生物, 乃至文明本身完全赖以生存的基础。One person, you, can make the difference in your or
44、ganization. The key is: Do something, then do something else.即使一个人，你本人，也能在你的机构中发挥作用。关键是：行动起来先做一件事，接着再做另一件。(771 words)Unit 2 Nobel Prize WinnersPassage AEinsteins Compass爱因斯坦的指南针Young Albert was a quiet boy. uPerhaps too quiet” , thought Hermann and Pauline Einstein. He spoke hardly at all until age
45、3. They might have thought him slow, but there was something else evident. When he did speak, he d say the most unusual things. At age 2, Pauline promised him a surprise. Albert was excited, thinking she was bringing him some new fascinating toy. But whenhis mother presented him with his new baby si
46、ster Maja, all Albert could do was stare with questioning eyes. Finally he responded, uwhere are the wheels?”小爱因斯坦是个安静的孩子。爱因斯坦夫妇赫尔曼和波琳认为他“或许太安静了”。爱因斯坦直到三岁时还很少 开口说话。父母差点就误认为他是反应迟钝，但有一个明显的事实打消了他们的疑虑，因为 当他真的开口说话时，说出的话便异乎寻常。两岁时，母亲波琳许诺给他一个惊喜。小爱因 斯坦非常高兴，以为妈妈会带给他一件有趣的新玩具。但当妈妈把刚出生的妹妹玛嘉抱到他 面前时，小爱因斯坦只是以疑虑的眼光盯
47、着她，最后说道，“轮子在哪儿？ ”When Albert was 5 years old and sick in bed, Hermann Einstein brought him a device that did stir his intellect. It was the first time he had seen a compass. He lay there shaking and twisting the odd thing, certain he could fool it into pointing off in a new direction. But try as he
48、might, the compass needle would always find its way back to pointing in the direction of north. A wonder, “ he thought. The invisible force that guided the compass needle was evidence to Albert that there was more to our world than meets the eye. There was u something behind things, something de叩ly
49、hidden.”爱因斯坦五岁的时候有一次卧病在床，父亲赫尔曼送给他一个新玩意儿。正是这个小玩意开启了他的智力。那是小爱因斯坦第一次见到指南针。他躺在床上摇晃 摆弄着这个稀奇的东西，认为自己能将指针糊弄到指向另一个方向。但是无论他怎样摆弄， 指针却总是会回到原来指北的位置。“真奇妙”，他想。引导指南针的无形力量使爱因斯坦 认识到，我们肉眼看到的只是世界的一部分，事物背后还有“某种东西，某种深藏着的东西”。So began Albert Einstein s journey down a road of exploration that he would follow the rest of his life. I have no special gift,“ he would say, “I am only passionately curious. ” 阿 尔伯特?爱因斯坦就这样踏上了他穷其一生的探索之路。“