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1、高考英语高频率近义词辨析第一组：spend/ take /costspend的主语通常是“人，即”某人在一花多少时间或金钱。例句：1） The boy spends a lot of money.（in） playing computer games.（那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子嬉戏。）2）She spent lots of money on books last year.（去年她花费很多钱在书本上。）take前常以it作形式主语，作“做某事须要花多少时间。It takes +（人）+时间 + to do sth.l）How long does it take you to finish th
2、e work?（你须要多少时间才能完成那工作？）2）It took me an hour to repair my bike.（我花了一个小时修理自行车。）3）It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.（说真话须要很大的志气。）cost的主语通常是事物，即指 某物值多少钱须要多少时间某人花了多少钱使（某人） （丢失）（事/物）+cost+ （人）+时间/金钱l）The watch cost me two hundred yuan.（这块手表花了我200块钱。2）Writing a novel cost plenty of time.（写本小说要花很
3、多时间。）3）The girfs bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.（那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母很多夜晚睡不着。留意：cost的过去式，过去分词都是cost。其次组：speak/say/tell/talkspeak说某种语言，说某人好、坏话是及物动词；发表讲话，对某人说话，是不及物动词。l）The students speak English very fluently.（这些学生英语说得特别流利O ）2）The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.（首
4、相就国际形势发表了演说。）3）She always speaks ill of others.（她总是说别人的坏话。）speak的习惯用语：Generally speaking 一般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地说Strictly speaking 严格地说not to speak of且不说;更不用说l）Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.（一般而言，男人比女人强壮。）2）We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.（我们会读英语，汉语更不用说了。）She doesnt a
5、ppreciate good English poetry.（她不会观赏好的英语诗歌。）第六组：choose/select/elect/pick outl）choosechosechosen选择；选拔；选择，指凭自己的推断力在人或物中进展选择，而不强调精选。例句： Id like to choose a new tie for me.（我想给自己挑一条新领带。）I want to choose her a nice present.（我想要选择一份精致的礼物送给她。）The football players chose him as their team leader.（足球队员们选他当队长。
6、）2）select精选；选择；选定，强调慎重考虑后的选择。例句： The farmer taught us how to select seeds.（这位农夫教我们如何选种。She was selected from among many applicants.（她是从很多报名者中选拔出来的。）Have you read selected works of Lu Xun?（你读过?鲁迅选集?吗？）3）elect选举;推选例句：We elected her monitor.（我们推选她为班长。）We elected him mayor.（我们选他为市长。）pick out认出；挑出；选择；多用口
7、语例句： I picked out an old friend in a crowd.（我从人群中认出了一位老挚友。）She picked out the shoes that match the dress.（她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。）第七组：join/join in/take part in/attendl）join及物动词参与（团体，组织，参军）、同一起干或玩、连接例句：（Di joined the Party in 1975.（我1975年入党。）His brother joined the army two years ago.（两年前他哥哥参军。）They are plannin
8、g to join the two towns by a railway.（他们在方案用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来O ）2）join in参与（某些活动）例句：May I join in your discussion?（我可以参与你们的探讨吗？）Many people join in the game every year.（每年很多人参与这个嬉戏活动。）（3）He joined in the work without a second thought.（他未加思索地参与了那项工作。）3）take part in参与群众性活动，会议等）参与者持主动看法，起一份作用。例句： A lot of s
9、tudents took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday.（昨天很多学生参与大扫除。A lot of college students took part in the movement last year.（去年很多高校生参与了那个运动。）4）attend出席，参与，到场；上学例句： Did you attend the meeting last week?（上星期你出席会议了吗？）He was ill so he didnt attend his classes.（他生病了，所以没上学。）留意：attend的词语搭配attend a cere
10、mony 参与典礼attend a funeral 参与葬礼attend a lecture 听演讲attend a concert 听音乐会attend church 上教堂第八组：beat/hit/strike1 ）beatbeatbeaten（连续地）打；击败；（心）跳动例句：My heart is beating fast.（我的心跳得很快。）They beat us in the match.（在这次竞赛中，他们把我们击败了。）The rain was beating on the windows.（雨点敲打着窗子。）2）hit打；击中；想出（后接on）例句：The football
11、 hit him in the eye.（足球打在他的眼睛上了。）He hit on a good idea.（他想出了一个好办法。）He hit his head hard on the floor when he fell down.（当他倒下时，头重重地遇到地板上J3 ）s trikestruckstruck打；敲；打动（心）；擦（火柴）；报时；突然想到，用途较广。例句：Strike while the iron is hot.（趁热打铁。Dont strike the man with a stick.（不要用棒子打那个男人。）say说出某句话或某件事；后接从句，（但say与从句之间不
12、能干脆接人称代词或名词）；说明时 间；书信、布告报纸上的“说，习惯用法l）She said , a love you.”（她说：“我爱你。）2）Say goodbye to them.（跟他们说再见。）3）She says she is busy.（她说她很忙。）4）My watch says 10:00 sharp.（我的表是十点整。）5）The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.（报上说上海发生了一场大火）。6）It is said that she has been away for a month.（据说她已走了一个月了）
13、7）It goes without saying that education is important.（不用说，教化是重要的。）8）Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.（Tom是个好学生，也就是说，他在学校的成果很好。）tell说谎；讲故事；说实话l）Dont tell a lie.（不要说谎。）2）She likes to tell stories.（她喜爱讲故事。3）We should always tell the truth.（我们应当恒久说实话。）tell区分；叫某人做某事；接“
14、间接与“干脆宾语；tell +宾语+ that从句l）Sometimes we cant tell right from wrong.（有时我们无法区分是非。）（他告知我他要去那儿。）talk连续地说话；习惯用法1）What are the girls talking about ?（那些女孩们讲什么？）2）Young people like to talk politics.（年青人喜爱谈论政治。）3）1 talked over the matter with her.（我与她谈论了那个问题。）第三组：take /bring/carry/fetchtake作“带去 ”拿去解；从近处把东西送到
15、远处例句：l）Shell take her children to the park.（她要带孩子去公园。）2）Its raining, youd better take an umbrella with you.（下雨了；你最好把雨伞带上。）bring “拿来；带来；从远处把东西拿到近外l）Bring the dictionary to me.（把字典拿给我。）2）PIease bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.（明天你来的时候，请把你的报告带来。）carry作“携带，带去；搬运解l）She always carries a
16、red handbag.（她总是带一个红色手包。）2）Please carry this TV set upstairs.（请把这台电视搬到楼上去。）fetch作“去取来，拿来；叫某人来解l）The football is over there. Fetch it please.（足球在那边呢，请把它拿回来。）2）Fetch the police at once. Weve found the robber.（立刻去叫警察来，我们已经发觉那个抢劫的人。）第四组：wear/put on/ dresswear穿着，戴；留，表示“状态是及物动词需加宾语例句：l）She always wears a
17、pair of glasses.（她总是戴着一副眼镜。）2）He wears a black jacket today.（今日他穿着一件黑色的夹克。）put on穿上，戴上，表示“动作例句：l）The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.（老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。）2）Put on the gloves .It s cold outside.（戴上手套外面很凉。）dress作“穿着的衣服解；给某人穿衣服不用写衣服例句：l）She is dressed in red.（她穿着红衣服。）2）The mother dresses t
18、he child every day.（那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。）此句不能加衣服。3）She dresses herself in red.（此句等于第一个例句。）第五组：do /makedo 做主要是用来表示“行动 ”行为，如d。omelets是“把蛋卷煎好。在do后面常加 一些抽象名词，如do wrong （犯错）。wrong是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有：do onesdo （the） somedo sb. a favor帮人忙do with利用；忍受；须要do away with 废除do without用不着；不须要havedo sb.do nothing but do除了做以外什
19、么也没做do business做生意例句：l）ril do the dishes today.（今日我来洗盘子。）2）Fve done my homework.（我已经做完了作业。）3）Crying does harm to you.（哭对你没有好处。）4）Will you do me a favor?（能否帮我一个忙？）5）We cannot do without a telephone in our business.（我们做生意没有是不行的。）6）The new teacher didnt know what to do with the class.（新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。
20、）7）1 did nothing but watch TV last night.（昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。8）Who does your hair?（平常是谁给你做头发的？）make 作”，表示制造，其后的宾语是make的产品。make clothes制做衣服；make后 常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有：make amake anmakemake例句：1） They have make great progress in learning English.（在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。2）Who is going to make a speech toda
21、y?（今日谁来演说？3）Dont make a noise.嘘！不要出声。）4）She makes her living as a teacher.（她作老师来维持生计。）第一组：lie/lay/liel）lie不及物动词，躺;位于lie一lay一lain一lying例句：Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.（上海位于北京的南方。）She has lain in bed for three days.（她已经在床上躺了三天了。）2）lay及物动词，放置；下蛋lay一laid一laid一laying例句： These hens lay eggs every
22、 day.（这些鸡每天下蛋。）He laid his hand on my shoulder.（他把手放在我的肩上。）lie不及物动词，说谎lie一lied一lied一lying例句：Don，t lie to me.（别骗我。）She lies about her career.（她编造她的经验。）其次组：hear/listen tohear听；是一种“自然无意的动作。 hear of听说过hear from得到消息例句：The deaf cannot hear.（聋子听不见。）listen是一种“有意的动作。如后面有宾语那么需加to；如没有宾语，listen后不行加to。例句： Listen
23、, somebody is crying.（听，有人在哭。）（2）1 listened but heard nothing.（我留意听了，但没听见什么。）Listen to me.（听我说。）第三组：sit/set/seatsit不及物动；坐；就座；sit一sat一sat一sitting例句： He sat at the table writing a letter.（他坐在书桌旁写信。）（2）Sit here until she comes back.（坐在这里等她回来。）set安置；下沉；点燃；出考题；定时；树立（典范）set一set一set一setting例句：Tom, set the
24、table for dinner.（Tom,摆好桌子打算吃饭。）He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.（他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。）My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.（我们老师试题出得特别难。）The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.（太阳从东方升起从西方落下。）seat使坐;容纳seat一seated一seated一seating例句：）The theater can seat at least 2000 people.（这家
25、戏院至少能容纳2000人。）Please be seated.（请坐下。）此句等于Sit down please.He seated himself next to her.（他坐在她的旁边。）第四组：ri se/rai se/arise/arouse/rousel）rise（太阳、月亮）升起,起来；（物价）上涨；（水）高涨rise一rose一risen一rising彳列句： Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.（每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。）Prices have risen quickly.（物价快速上涨了。）She rose to
26、her feet.（她站了起来。）2）raise举起；哺育；募款raise-raised-raised-raising例句：Raise your hand please.（请你把手举起来。）The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm.（这位农夫在农场养了很多绵羊。）They are raising founds for the expedition.（他们正在筹募探险的基金。）arise（问题、困难）发生、产生、出现；起（风、雾）arise一arose一arisen一arising例句： A strong wind arose this morni
27、ng.（今日早上刮起强风。）A different problem has arisen.（不同的问题发生了。）A mist arose from the lake.（湖上起雾了。）arouse通常表示比方或心情方面的“激发arouse-aroused-aroused-arousing例句： The book aroused my interest in learning English.（这本书引起我对学习英语感爱好。）The speaker aroused the anger of the audience.（演讲者激起了听众的怒气。）rouse通常表示比拟详细的“叫醒或“唤醒rouse-
28、roused-roused-rousing例句： The sound roused him from reflection.（声音使他从深思中惊醒。）The lies he heard about his friend roused his anger.（听到有人对他挚友造谣，使他怒火中烧。）第五组：lend/借出 borrowl）lend+人 + 物= lend+物+to+人例如： Please lend me your dictionary. = Please lend your dictionary to me.（请把你的字典借给我。）I will lend you $200, but
29、I can t lend money to him.（我借给你200美元，但我不能借钱给他。）borrow 借入borrow + 物 + from+人She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library.（她已从学校的图书馆借了很多书。）He often borrows money from me.（他常常从我这儿借钱。）第六组：fall/feel/fell/fail/fallfellfal 1 en 落下；跌倒fall asleep 睡着/fall behind 落后例句：An apple fell to the ground.（一个
30、苹果落在地上。）Be careful on the ice or you will fall.（在冰上要当心，否那么你会跌倒。）feel-feltfeltfeel like+doing sth.想要；feel sleepy.想睡例句：Can you feel your heart beat violently?（你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗？）Both my legs didn t feel.（我的双腿没有感觉。）（3）1 suddenly felt a pain in my back.（我突然感到背部难受。）Do you feel like taking a walk?（你想不想去漫步？）
31、fellfelledfelled 砍伐例句：A lot of trees were felled last night.（昨晚很多树被人伐倒了。）failfailedfailed 失败彳列句： He has failed in English exam again.（他英语考试又没及格。）第七组：win/beatwinwonwonwin a prize得到奖品win a war打了胜仗win a game赢得竞赛win an election选举获胜 例句： Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night.（昨晚我们队以3比2赢了竞赛。）Who do you t
32、hink will win the beauty contest?（你认为那场选美谁会获胜？）beat-beat-beatenbeat是战胜了对手例句：He beat me in the race.（他在赛跑中赢了我。）We have beaten their team for 3 years. （我们已连续3年战胜他们的球队。） My heart beat fast at the sight of her. （一望见她，我的心跳就加快。）第一组：cure/recover/restore/heal1 ）curecuredcured 治疗（疾病物+cure+人+。+病=人 + 6 cured o
33、f+病彳列句： This medicine will cure your headache.（这种药会治好你的头痛病。）The doctor cured her of a cold.（医生医好了她的感冒。）She was cured of her disease.（她的痛被治好了。）2）recoverrecoveredrecovered复原安康）；痊愈；复元与from连用彳列句： After a few days* rest, she has recovered her health.（休息几天后，她已复原安康。）They havent recovered from the shock yet
34、.（他们还未从那次打击中复原过来。3）restorerestoredrestored使复原安康；修复；重建彳列句： The doctor restored the girl to health.（医生复原了那个女孩的安康。）=The girl was restored to health.The workers have already restored the ruined temple.（工人们已修复了这座毁坏的寺庙O ）4）healhealedhealed主要指伤口的治愈；消退；平静。例句：His wound is not yet healed.（他的伤口尚未痊愈。）Time heals
35、 all broken hearts.（时间可以消退一切悲伤。）其次组：reach/arrive/get to1 ）reachreachedreached及物动词到达，不加to等分词。例句：They will reach Shanghai tonight.（今晚他们将抵达上海。）2）arrivearrivedarrived不及物动词到达，加介词in大地方）at小地方。例句：Ill phone you when I arrive in New York.（我到纽约后会给你 。）What time will they arrive at the airport?（他们什么时候会到达机场？）3）ge
36、tgotgotten（got）不及物动词需加上to加上地点表示到达，但接地点副词时不加tOo例句： What time does the train get to Beijing?（火车什么时间到达北京？）When I set to Japan, Ill write to you.（我到了日本就给你写信。）They got home safely.（他们平安到家。）注：此处home是副词不能加too注：“到达 reach=arrive at （in）=get to到达上海到达家/这里/那里第三组：hang/hangl）hanghangedhanged及物动词吊死；处（人）绞刑；上吊。例句：He
37、 hanged himself last week.（上星期他上吊自杀了。）The man was hanged for murder.（那个男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。）hanghunghung及物动词把挂上；把吊起。例句： She hung curtains over the windows.（她把窗帘挂上窗上。）A picture is hung on the wall.（墙上挂着一幅画。）第四组：affect/effect1 ）affectaffectedaffected及物动词对影响，感动（人的）心，使感动例句： The noise from the street affected our
38、 study.（公路上的噪音影响我们学习。）Her story affected us deeply.（她的故事深深地打动我们的心。）2）effecteffectedeffected及物动词使产生；实现目的），造成（结果）effect很少作动词用，通常只跟change连用。彳列句It will effect, no change of importance.（不会引起重大的改变。）第五组：thank/appreciate1 ）thankthankedthanked感谢，后接人例句：You dont have to thank me.（你不必向我道谢c）She thanked me for my help.（她感谢我帮助。）appreciateappreciatedappreciated感谢；观赏，后接事或物例句： I greatly appreciate your help.（我很感谢你的帮助。）