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1、2022年考研专业综合考试真题及答案 Cloze1 A few decades ago, the world banking community invented new Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) systems to move money more efficiently across countries and around the globe. The 1 benefit of such systems was to 2 the float of capital that was unavailable for use 3 checks were b
2、eing cleared through banking4Today, we understand that the benefits of electronic banking are far more 5 than just reducing floating cash. The entire world of banking 6 revolutionized. It is 7 more efficient and faster, but also more global. And now 8 the Internet, EFT systems are increasingly 9 wit
3、h the new world of e-commerce and etrade.10 1997 and 2022, EFT value 11 from less than $50 trillion to nearly $400 trillion, more than the 12 economic product of all the countries and territories of the entire world. These statistics 13 should emphasize the true importance of transnational EFT. Sate
4、llite, wireless, and cable-based electronic fund transfers 14 the hub of global enterprise. Such electronic cash is 15 central to the idea of an emergingisn t who is right, but what is right, that counts. The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by d
5、ebate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, its possible to create a level of clarity that sh
6、eer argumentation can never match.The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isnt possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to liste
7、n in on every intelligence analysis meeting, its possible to organize the experts information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group ; its a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the sou
8、rce of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions.From the first paragraph we can learn that.A. executive, specialized expert, are no more clever thanperson in the streetB.very few people decide before they thinkC. those who pride themselves on being decisive often f
9、ail to do soD. people tend to consider carefully before making decisionsJudging from the context, what does the word theni (Line 4, Para. 2) refer to?A.Decision makers.B.The losing faction.C. Anger, resentment, and jealousy.D.Other people.Aldous Huxleys remark (Para. 3 ) implies that.A.there is a su
10、btle difference between right and wrongB. we cannot tell who is right and what is wrongC. what is right is more important than who is rightD. what is right accounts for the question who is rightAccording to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is.A.to make decision by debateB. t
11、o apply the Internet and wireless computer technologyC. to brake on the thinking process, slowing it downD. to create a level of conceptual clarityThe structured-inquiry process can be useful for.A. decision makersB. intelligence analysis meetingC. the experts informationD. marketing focus groups11
12、、 Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator (the television audience) will be the priority(ft 先 ) and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to ad
13、apt to the new reality: sport as a business.The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has alread
14、y started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile ofthe life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers wou 1 d be able to s
15、elect their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainers bench, from the stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an A
16、merican football game. And at their disposal will be the same options the producer of the recorded programme has: to select replays, to choose which camera to use and to decide on the sound一 whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on.Many sports executives, largely too old and to
17、o conservative to feel at home with the new technologies, will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view: while there is more basketball than ev
18、er on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever.It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached theirceiling. It is the law of the
19、 market. The great events continually attract larger audiences.The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home, have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new
20、 world.The most visionary executives go further. Their philosophy is： rather than see television take over sport, why not have sports taken over television?What does the writer mean by the use of the phrase an indissoluble marriage in the first paragraph?A.Sport is combined with television.B.Sport c
21、ontrols television.C. Television dictates sport.D.Sport and television will go their own ways.12、What does they in line 2, paragraph 2 stand for?A. broadcastsB.channelsC.spectatorsD. technologies13、How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?A.They are too old to do anything.B.They
22、feel ill at ease.C.They feel completely at home.D. Technologies can go hand in hand with sports.What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?A. The philosophy of visionary executives.B.The process of television taking over sport.C. Television coverage expansion.D. An example to show how
23、 sport has taken over television.What might be the appropriate title of this passage?A. The arguments of sports executives.B.The philosophy of visionary executives.C.Sport and television in the 21 century.D.Sport： a business.16 Convenience food helps companies by creating growth; but what is its eff
24、ect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilisation, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion（共享） of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates household citizens from waiting formealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in dang
25、er of being undone, The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150, 000 years, could be destroyed.Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly taken together in Br
26、itain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the days first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the cornflake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altoge
27、ther, a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar.Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook. One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that, while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2022,
28、 the number of books and television programmes on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn t a paradox. Maybe it is because people can t cook any more, so they need to be told how to do it. Or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies一golf, yachtingnot about chores. Cooking has ceased t
29、o be a choreand has become a hobby.Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silversteins new book, Trading Up, looks at mid-range consumers willingness to splash out. He says that industrial-style. Viking cooktpos, with nearly twic
30、e the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the kitchen as theatre trend in home goods. They cost from $1, 000 to $9, 000. Some 75% of them are never used.Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, of food. Of course, there is nothing bad about ready-to-eat food itse
31、lf. You dont get much healthier than an apple, and all supermarkets sell a betterforyou range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat : and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat.The three Harvard economists in their pap
32、er Why have Americans become more obese? point out that, in the past, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had to cook it. That took time and energy一a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy （脆）一which discouraged consumption of that sort of food. Mass
33、preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double-cook their own friesthese days. Who has the time?What might the previous paragraphs deal with?A. The relationship between meals and convenience food.B. The importance of convenience food in peoples life.C. The rise of conven
34、ience food.D. The history of food industry.17、What is the paradox in the third paragraph?A.People dont know how to cook.B. The facilities in the kitchen are not totally used.C.People are becoming more obese, thus unhealthy.D. Convenience food actually does not save people time. 18、What does the pass
35、age mainly discuss?A.The bad effects of convenience food.B. Mr. Silversteins new book.C. Peoples new hobby.D. Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.Why have Americans become more obese?A. Because of eating chips.B. Because of being busy.,A018C.Because of being lazy.D. Both B and C.Which of
36、 the following might the author most likely agree with?A. There is nothing bad about convenience foodB. Convenience food makes people lazy.C. Convenience food helps companies grow.D. Convenience food is a revolution in cooking.19、 HighwaysEarly in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in t
37、he U. S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accomrnndate（容纳）automobiles.With the increase in auto production, private turnpike （收 费大路）companies under local authorities began to spring up,
38、and by 1921 there were 387, 000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam （for whom the macadam surface is named ）, whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no nation
39、al standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I , roads throughout the country were nearly/z worldwide mind”. Without the satellite and fiber infrastructure to support the flow of electronic funds, the world economy would grind to a halt.A.hidingB.gettingC.driving
40、D.giving2、A. introduceB.reduceC.produceD. increase3、(3)A. whichB. thatC. whileD. where4、A. mechanicsB. methodsC. proceduresdestroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U. S. Amys first transcontinental motor convoy , he noted： The old
41、 convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germanys Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land. It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase i
42、n trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local cont
43、rol of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36, 000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7, 000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33, 92
44、0 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for Strict, centrally controlled design criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 andhas been hailed as one of the greatest engineering public works projects of the century. To build its 44,
45、 000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetland, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the
46、 pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature otthe underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the count
47、ry, forever altering the face of America.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation，s physical challenges. Traffic con
48、trol systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced h i ghway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. , and the U. S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all