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1、一、时态讲解：现在完成时(1)构成：现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成，助动词have有人称和数的变化。第三人称 单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not.疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study为例, 其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式I have not (haven51) studied.Have I studied.?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied.?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied.?否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)
2、Have I not (Havent I) studied.?Yes, you have. No, you haventHave you not (Havent you) studied.?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied.?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.(2)用法：1)现在完成时通常表示在说炭:前已经定宓的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响oMy daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。Im sure weve met before.我肯
3、定我们以前见过 面。She has arrived.她至U 了 2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, fbr.9 since.9yet 等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 这些 日 子我没有收 到她的信。We haven9t seen you recently,最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years. 他彳门离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.注意
4、：a) since和for的区别since 后接时间点，如 1993, last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示长达多久，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise:用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Irelandlreland three days.3. His aunt has lived in AustraliaShe has been there 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country 1
5、974.6. The busc is late. Theyve been waiting 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段 时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has com
6、e here for 2 weeks, x The old man has died for 4 months. xThey have left only for 5 minutes.x以上三句话可以改为：old man has for 4 months.9. They have only for 5 minutes2) have (has) been和have (has) gone的区另：表示“曾到过某地要用have (has) been;表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较：Where has he been?他刚才到哪里去了 ？(已经回来了)Where has
7、 he gone? 他上哪儿去了 ？(人不在)They have been to Canada.他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)They have gone to Canada.他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大).3)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in, 但可以和 already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, n
8、ever等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。I havent read it yet.我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student.马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常.在街上看见他。They have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。Exercise:1. Fill in the blanks
9、 with the proper form.1.1 already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father just(come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where5s Li Ming ? He(go) to the teachers office.1. 1(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.
10、7. How long the Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.8.1 just(finish) my homework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.1.1. you(find) your science book yet?11. If it(be) fine tomorrow, Pll go with you.12. The students(read) English when the teacher came in.13. Look! The monkey(climb) the tree.14. My mo
11、ther(come) to see me next Sunday.15. Tve lost my pen.you(see) it anywhere?IL Choose the best answer.1. How long have you here?A. comeB. gotC. arrivedD. been2. My grandpa died.A. at the age of my 2B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. b
12、eenB. goneC. wentD. never been4. It is ten years I last saw her.A. after B. sinceC. forD. thatlo the station to meet Lorry? I will. I her several times.A. metB. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long you it?D. have, hadLydia very well?Yes, She and I friends since we were ver
13、y young.A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths in China for 8 years.A. has livedB. livedC. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. you ever to
14、 the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, goD. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences.1.1 have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)I been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school hgcaus或瘟(就划线部分提问) he come to school?3.1 bough a new bike just now(用 just 改写) I just a new bike.4. We began to lea
15、rn English three years ago.(改为同义句)We English three yeajs5. He has never surfed,?(改成反意疑问句)6. They have been here since2000.(对划线部分提问)have they been here?7. The old man last year. He has for a year, (die) (动词填空)8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao has an hour ago.五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has)
16、gone 填空。A: Where Li Fei c?B: He to Hainan Island.A: How long he there?B: He there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Tm afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I never there.A: How many times Li Fei to that place?B: He there on
17、ly once.A.用适当的时态填空： .ten days.4. Half an hour(pass) since the train(leave).5. Mary(lose) her pen.you(see) it here and there?6. you(find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I just(have) some orange.8. We already(return) the book.9. they(build) a new school in the village?10.1(not finish) my home
18、work . Can you help me?，I(buy) a book just now.现在完成时态练习题答案一.翻译下列句子：2.1 have just lost my chemistry book.3.1 have never been to the farm before.4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.5. Have you seen the movie yet?6. My brother hasnt come /get / been back yet = My brother hasnt return
19、ed yet.1.1 have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.8. Has been .away from China for three years.9. I have known them for five years.10. They have been in the USA for five years.11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.13. They have known each other since 1999.14. I have been in this school for over three years.