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1、长郡中学2021-2022学年度高二第一学期期末考试英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分io分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题0.5分，满分2.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where does the conver
2、sation take place?A. In a restaurant.B. In a coffee shop.C. In a hotel.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Hello, this is Room 3050. What time is dinner, please?W: The main restaurant opens at seven in the evening and closes at ten. Our coffee shop is open 24 hours a day.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What time will the next tra
3、in to Los Angeles leave?A. At 10:05 a.m.B. At 10:15 a.m.C. At 10:50 a.m.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Excuse me. When is the next train to Los Angeles?M: 10:15 a.m. And you can get the ticket at the next counter.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What did Smith offer the woman?A. Smith offered her a typing machine.B. Smith off
4、ered her more salary.C. Smith offered her a job as a typist.Her analysis of the family networks of 26, 000 old Americans concluded that gender （性另Ll ）is one of the most important things that decide whether or not people will actively care for their elderly parents.In a paper presented at the annual
5、conference of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco, she concludes that simply having a sister makes men likely provide less care. Using data from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study, a study which has been recording those people over 50s fbr the last decade, she
6、analyzed that women provide an average of 12. 3 hours a month of care for elderly parents while men offer only 5. 6 hours.“Sons reduce their relative caregiving efforts when they have a sister, while daughters increase theirs when they have a brother.”“This suggests that sons pass on parent caregivi
7、ng responsibilities to their sisters.,In the UK, the 2011 Census showed that there are now around 6.5 million people with caring responsibilities, a figure which has risen by a tenth in a decade.But many are doing so at the risk of their health. The census showed that those who provide 50 hours or m
8、ore of care a week while trying to hold down a fulltime job are three times more likely to be struggling with ill health than their working counterparts who are not carers.28. According to the passage, whats the key factor to decide if people will actively care fbr the old?A. Education.B. Gender.C.
9、Career.D. Income.29. The US study finds that.A. having a sister makes men less likely to look after their parentsB. sons are twice as likely as daughters to care fbr parents in old ageC. sons are unwilling to leave caregiving responsibilities to their sistersD. sons and daughters seem to give equal
10、care to their parents30. What does the author stress in the last paragraph?A. People should give up their jobs to care fbr the elderly.B. Many care providers work longer hours than others.C. Many care providers have potential health problems.D. People shouldnt pass on caring responsibilities to othe
11、rs.31. The author develops the text by.A. explaining social networks of careersB describing peoples experiencesC. analyzing various researches and dataD. comparing different gender【答案】28.B29. A 30. C 31. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明在照顾年迈的父母方面，性别差异影响着照顾父母的时间长短。女 儿比儿子更愿意付出时间照顾父母。家中有姐妹的男士常把照顾父母的责任推给姐妹。【28题详解
12、】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “Her analysis of the family networks of 26,000 older Americans concluded that gender（性别）is one of the most important things that decide whether or not people will actively care for their elderly parents.（她对26000名美国老年人的家庭网进行分析后得出结论，性别是决定人们是否会积极照顾年 迈父母的最重要因素之一。）”可知，预测人们是否会主动照顾老年人的最主要因素之一
13、是性别。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段 “In a paper presented at the annual conference of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco, she concludes that simply having a sister makes men likely provide less care.（她在旧 金山举行的美国社会学协会年会上提交的一篇论文中总结道，仅仅是有一个姐妹就可能会让男性提供的关 爱更少。）”可知，Angelina Grigoryeva得出结论，家中有姐
14、妹的男士对父母的照顾可能会更少。故选A 项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But many are doing so at the risk of their health .（但许多人是冒着健康风险这么 做的。）” 及下文 The census showed that those who provide 50 hours or more of care a week while trying to hold down a fulltime job are three times more likely to be struggling with ill health than t
15、heir working counterparts who are not carers.（人口普查显示，那些每周提供50个小时或更多照顾的人，在努力保住一份全职工作的同时, 与不照顾人的同行相比，他们患疾病的可能性要高出三倍。）”可知，在最后一段作者着重指出很多护理提 供者都有潜在的健康问题。故选C项。【31题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在第四段和倒数第二段给出一些研究数据，继而进行分析得出结论。由 此可知，这篇文章是以分析各种研究和数据得出相关结论的写作手法展开的。故选C项。DThe French Danone company is the latest to replace so
16、me plastic water bottles with aluminum （铝）cans. Competitors like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestle have also started selling water in aluminum cans.Replacing plastic water bottles that pollute the seas with recyclable aluminum cans should be an easy way tohelp the environment, right?Maybe not.Aluminum c
17、ans might result in less ocean waste, and the metal containers also are lighter than glass or plastic bottles, but they also come with their own cost to the environment. The production of an aluminum can is estimated to release two times as much carbon dioxide into the air as a plastic bottle.“Thats
18、 the dilemma you,re going to have to choose between/ said Ruben Griffioen, an official at beermaker Heineken. He said his company was Lrying to reduce the use of plastic bottles.Bruce Karas of Coca - Cola North America agreed. He said, “Theres a mix. There are some things that are not that desirable
19、, but if you have five good things and one that isnt, well all have to make decisions?9 He added, Itll never be that clean.”Bottled water is a 19 billion industry. Although its use of cans is increasing, experts say cans are unlikely to completely replace plastic bottles.Aluminum is costlier than pl
20、astic so canned drinks mean higher prices fbr buyers. Another major consideration is user convenience-cans stay open while bottles can be reclosed. More importantly, there is one barrier to ending the use of plastic water bottles: There may not be enough cans to go around. Beer and wine makers are n
21、ow also increasingly using aluminum.32. Whats the advantage of aluminum cans?B. They are lighter.A. They are pollution-free.C. They are cost-effective.D. They are low-carbon.33. What is Karass attitude to replacing plastic bottles with aluminum cans?A. Supportive.B. Disapproving.C. NeutralD. Indiffe
22、rent.34. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The wide application of aluminum cans.B. The promising future aluminum cansC. The major advantages of aluminum cans.D. The unavoidable limitations of aluminum cans.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Aluminum Cans or Plastic Bottles?B. A
23、 Blessing or a Misfortune?C. How to Deal with Plastic Bottles?D. Why Do We Choose Aluminum Cans?【答案】32.B33. A 34. D 35. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了铝罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的优势，如铝罐可能会减少海洋垃圾, 金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价，文章还说明了使用铝罐的一些局限性。【32题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第四段中 Aluminum cans might result in less ocean waste, and the metal
24、containers also are lighter than glass or plastic bottles, but they also come with their own cost to the environment.（铝罐可能会减少海 洋垃圾，金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价）可知铝罐的优点是它们更轻。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第一句Bruce Karas of Coca - Cola North America agreed.（来自北美可口可乐公 司的Bruce Karas对此表示赞同）可知Karas对用铝罐代替塑料瓶持支持态度。故
25、选A。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中 More importantly, there is one barrier to ending the use of plastic water bottles: There may not be enough cans to go around.（更重要的是，停止使用塑料水瓶有一个障碍：可能没有足够的罐 子）结合本段主要说明了铝罐的造价高和数量不够等一些不可避免的局限性，故选Do【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段 Replacing plastic water bottles that pollute the seas with rec
26、yclable aluminum cans should be an easy way to help the environment, right?（用可回收的铝罐代替污染海洋的塑料水瓶应该是一种帮 助环境的简单方法，对吗？）文章主要说明了铝罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的优势，如铝罐可能会减少海洋垃圾， 金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价，文章还说明了使用铝罐的一些局限性。故A 选项“铝罐还是塑料瓶？ ”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分75分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Teach Ki
27、ds About Setting Goals36 It can become an easy process for a lifetime if kids are taught goal setting at an early stage. They need to be offered a project to make them work on achieving something personal.Set smart goals. A goal needs to be measurable, specific, realistic and timely in order to be e
28、ffective. Kids prefer generalizing when it comes to goal setting. For example, one may want to be the best basketball player in the team. 37 What exactly does a goal like this mean? You need to ask them to be specific. Begin with scoring two baskets in each game(or however many; just something measu
29、rable!) so that they can keep pushing the barriers to achieve greater goals.Write down goals. 38 Recent studies show that when goals are written down, the individual is likely to achieve them.39 Kids have the habit of choosing goals that just seem impossible to achieve. You need to teach them the me
30、aning of short and long-term goals and give your child reality checks.Set up review points. You can ask them to write their main goal on the poster and mention the steps they would take for achieving their goal. 40 It is important to help your children have their own checkpoint systems that actually
31、 work for them.A. Learn to set a long-term goal.B. How is a goal like this measured?C. Give up goals that are not realistic.D. This tip is supported by science as well.E. Goals can never be achieved unless they are written down.F. It is essential for everybody, especially fbr kids, to set goals in l
32、ife.G. You can also ask them to track their progress once a week or month.【答案】36.F37. B 38. D 39. C 40. G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何帮助孩子建立目标。【36题详解】根据后句 “It can become an easy process fbr a lifetime if kids are taught goal setting at an early stage. They need to be offered a project to make them work
33、on achieving something personal.（如果孩子们在早期就被教导设定目 标，这可能会成为一个一辈子都很容易的过程。他们需要一个项目，让他们努力实现一些个人的东西）”可 知，上文文主要论述了设定目标在孩子人生中的重要性。故F选项“对每个人来说，尤其是对孩子来说， 设定人生目标是很重要的）”符合上下文语境。故选F。【37题详解】根据前句 “For example, one may want to be the best basketball player in the team.（例如，一个人可能想成为球 队中最好的篮球运动员）”以及后文“What exactly doe
34、s a goal like this mean?（这样的目标到底意味着什么）” 可知，前文举例定了一个人生目标，后文通过询问的方式，引起下文。故B选项“这样的目标是如何衡量 的？ ”符合语境，故选B。【38题详解】根据后文 “Recent studies show that when goals are written down, the individual is likely to achieve them.（最近 的研究表明，当目标被写下来时，个人就有可能实现它们）”可知，本句是在说明目标写下来这一建议有科 学依据。D选项中science对应后文studies。This tip呼应Wri
35、te down goals。故D选项“这一建议也得到了 科学的支持”符合语境，故选Do【39题详解】根据后文“Kids have the habit of choosing goals that just seem impossible to achieve. You need to teach them the meaning of short and long-term goals and give your child reality checks.（孩子们有选择那些看起来不可能实现的 目标的习惯。你需要教他们短期和长期目标的概念，并让你的孩子认清现实）”可知，本段主要介绍怎么教 孩子面
36、对不现实的目标。故C选项“放弃不切实际的目标”为本段的标题，故选C。【40题详解】 根据上文 “Set up review points. You can ask them to write their main goal on the poster and mention the steps they would take for achieving their goal.（设置复习点。你可以让他们在海报上写下他们的主要目标，并提到他 们将采取的步骤来实现他们的目标）”以及后文“It is important to help your children have their own chec
37、kpoint systems that actually work for them.（重要的是，要帮助你的孩子拥有真正适合他们的检查点系统）” 可知，帮助孩子定期建立他们检查自己进步的检查点系统是很重要的。G选项中them对应后文children。故G选项“你可以要求他们每周或每月记录一次自己的进步”符合语境，故选G。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分25分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My mom has been and will always be my biggest inspiration
38、. She is a single parent of eight, and I have no idea how she 4. Throughout the years, my mom has overcome many hardships which could easily42 someone with little faith.Even when doctors 43 if my little sister Jessica would live to see the age of 1, my mom never lost44. After visiting many doctors,
39、my mom 45 to bring her home and make the best of my sisters lifeinstead of receiving the same results from different hospitals.Jessicas numerous hospital visits surely 46 her, but my mom never showed signs of 47 , Her strength helped Jessica through every 48 time. No matter how confused Jessica was,
40、 my mom always made her feel as if there was nothing to 49, which enabled Jessica to live the life of a50 child. Sheattended a public school, went to parties to dance around excitedly. We actually 5that she was even sick.52 , things began to take a turn for the worse. The whole family were heartbrok
41、en. Once again, my mom found a way to 53 us all. She made it her job to let us know that she had an effective support system. She decided to 54 her job and attend to Jessicas every need. Gradually, I noticed our faith grew stronger than anything. Now Jessica is 18 years old and is enjoying her colle
42、ge life.My mom gets us to realize that no matter how 55 our trials may appear, we have an effective support system. We are a family that will always be there for one another.41. A. failedB. survivedC. succeededD. developed42. A. shameB. influenceC. angerD. discourage43. A. declaredB. questionedC. me
43、ntionedD. asked44. A. hopeB. temperC. interestD. patience45. A. refusedB. threatenedC. decidedD. hesitated46. A. upsetB. destroyedC. satisfiedD. relieved47. A. frightB. curiosityC. weaknessD. sympathy48. A. ripeB. toughC. lonelyD. precious49. A. worry aboutB. rely onC. learn fromD. show off50. A. di
44、fficultB.superC. giftedD. common51. A. forgotB. noticedC. discoveredD. sensed52. A. HopefullyB. UnluckilyC. GenerallyD. Seriously53. A. blameB. comfortC. uniteD. smooth54. A. offerB. finishC. continueD. quit55. A. completeB. temporaryC. unfairD. unbearable【答案】41. B42. D43. B 44. A45. C 46. A 47. C48
45、. B 49. A 50. D51.A 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者的妈妈是一位单亲妈妈，她要照顾有病的小妹妹。无论遇到什么困难妈妈 都表现得很坚强，妈妈一直都是作者最大的精神力量。【详解】1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是八个孩子的单亲妈妈，我不知道她是怎样活过来的。A.failed失 败；B.survived 幸存；C.succeeded 成功；D.developed 发展。结合常识和下文的 uThroughout the years, my mom has overcome many hardships,可知，作者无法想象一个带着八个孩
46、子的单亲妈妈那些年是如何活过来的。 故选Bo2 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：经历这么多年，我妈妈克服了许多很容易使一个缺乏信心的人灰心丧气的困难。 A.shame 使羞愧；B.influence 影响；C.anger 使生气；D.discourage 使气馁。根据上文的 “mymom has overcome many hardships”可推知，那么多年的苦难会让一个缺乏自信的人灰心丧气。故选D。3 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至当医生质疑我的小妹妹杰西卡是否能活到一岁时，我妈妈也没有失去希望。 A.declared 宣布；B.questioned 质疑；C.mentioned 提及；D.as
47、ked 提问。根据下文 “if my little sister Jessica would live to see the age of 1可知，医生对妹妹的生命存续时间是怀疑的，故选B。4 .考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.hope希望;B.temper脾气；C.interest兴趣；D.patience耐心。根据“my mom never lostv和下文的“After visiting many doctors, my mom.可知，尽管医生怀疑妹妹杰西卡不能 活到一岁，妈妈也带着她看医生，由此可知，妈妈没有失去希望。故选A。5 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在看了多位医生之后，我妈妈决定
48、带她回家，最好地照顾妹妹的生活，而不是 从不同的医院得到同样的结果。A.refused拒绝；B.threatened威胁；C.decided决定；D.hesitated犹豫不决。 根据上文的After visiting many doctors”和下文的“to bring her home”可知，作者的妈妈决定带杰西卡回 家。故选C。6 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡去医院的次数太多，这肯定让我妈妈很烦恼，但是她从来没有表现出脆 弱的迹象。A.upset使烦恼；B.destroyed毁掉；C.satisfled使满意；D.relieved欣慰。根据常识和上文的“Jessicas numerous hospital visits”可知，多次去医院，且得到的结果都是一样，这肯定会让妈妈烦恼。故选A。7 .考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.flight害怕；B.curiosity好奇心；C.weakness弱势，缺点