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1、考研外语模拟卷6一、Use of English1、Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully (1)only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited, (2)embarrassed. You have only to (3)a com muter train any morning or evening to see the tr
2、uth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most usual. (4), there is here an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, (5) broken, makes the person immediately the object of (6).It
3、 is a well-known fact that the English have a (7)for the discussion of their weather and that, given half a chance, they will talk about it (8). Some people argue that it is because English weather (9)forecast and hence is a source of interest and (10) to everyone.This may be so. (11)Englishmen cann
4、ot have much (12) in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather forD. How to Feel Good About Yourself6、Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make o
5、ne face different from another. Yet a very young child一or even an animal, such as a pigeon一can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someones personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, think
6、s and feels that make that individual different from others.Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someones personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a nice face looked like, you probably would have a difficul
7、t time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a nice person, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words c
8、haracterizing differences in peoples behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing,or typing, his personality.Bookworms, conservatives, military types一people are described with such terms. People have always tried to type each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks t
9、o show the audience whether they played the villains （坏人）or the heros role. In fact, the words person and personality come from the Latin persona, meaning mask. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the good guys from the bad guys because the two types dif
10、fer in appearance as well as in actions.The main idea of this passage is .A. how to distinguish peoples facesB. how to describe peoples personalityC.how to distinguish people both inward and outwardD. how to differ good persons from bad personsThe author is most probably a .A.behavioristB.psychologi
11、stC. writerD.sociologistWhich of the following is NOT true?A. Different people may have different personalities.B.People differ from each in appearance.C.People can learn to recognize faces.D.People can describe all the features of others.The reason why it is easier to describe a persons personality
12、 in words than his face is that.A.a persons face is more complex than his personalityB.a persons personality is easily distinguishedCpeoples personalities are very MikeD. many words are available when people try to describe ones personalityWe learn from the passage that people classify a person into
13、 certain type according to .A. his way of acting and thinkingB. his way of speaking and behavingC.his learning and behaviorD.his physical appearance and his personality7、 Most young people enjoy some form, of physical activity.It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skatingor skiing; i
14、t may be a game of some kind: football, hockey, golf, or tennis; it may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This a
15、stonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind
16、 which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is t
17、hat mountaineering is not a team game. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no matches between teams of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously team work.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight
18、forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight theforces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis cham
19、pions are in their early twenties. But it is no unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.Mountaineering is
20、a sport which involves .A. hardshipB. coldC.physical riskD. all of the aboveThe main difference between a sport and a game lies in.A. uniformB. activityC. rulesD.skillsMountaineering is also a team sport because .,A目14A. it involves rulesB. it involves matches between teamsphysical qualitiesC. it re
21、quires mental andD. mountaineers depend oneach other while climbing14、Which of the following istrue?A.Mountaineerscompeteagainsteach other.B. Mountaineerscompeteagainstother teams.C. Mountaineerscompeteagainstnature.D. Mountaineerscompeteagainstinternational standard.15、What is the best title for th
22、e passage?A. MountaineeringB. Mountain ClimbersC. Mountaineering Is Different from Golf and FootballD. Mountaineering Is More Dangerous than Other Sports16 There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling
23、or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing wi
24、thout holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling became the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats teachers often en
25、courage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and technical abilities in writing”. Bu
26、t it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had such feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation（动力） to seek imp
27、rovement.Teachers are different in their opinions about.A.the necessity of teaching spellingB.the role of spelling in general language developmentC. the way of teaching spellingD. the complexities of the basic writing skills17、As used in the second paragraph, the expression play safe” most probably
28、means .A.to spell correctlyB.to write smoothlyC. to avoid using words one is not sure ofD.to use dictionaries frequently18、Teachers encourage the students to use dictionaries so thatA.studentswillbeable to write more freelyB.studentswillbemore skillful in writingC.studentswillbemore confident in wri
29、tingD. studentswillbeindependent enough19、The authors tone isA. ironicB.practicalC.satiricalD. critical20、This passage mainly discusses .A.the necessity of spellingB.the role of developing writing skillsC. the complexities of spellingD. the relationship between spelling and the content of writing21、
30、 Part B (10 points)You are going to read a list of headings and a text about maples. Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbered paragraph. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. The influence of map
31、les on the Canadian culture.B. The token of maples in Canada.C. Contemplation of global distribution of maples.D. The triumph of Nokomis over the devils with the help of maples.E. The popularity of the maple in a favorite myth.F The maple signals the approach of fall.The maple smoke of autumn bonfir
32、es is incense to Canadians. Bestowing perfume for the nose, color for the eye, sweetness for the spring tongue, the sugar maple prompts this sharing ofa favorite myth and original etymology of the word maple.(41) .The maple looms large in Ojibwa folk tales. The time of year for sugaring-off is in th
33、e Maple Moon. Among Ojibwa, the primordial female figure is Nokomis, a wise grandmother. In one tale about seasonal change, cannibal wendigos一creatures of evil一chased old Nokomis through the autumn countryside. Wendigos throve in icy cold. When they entered the bodies of humans, the human heart froz
34、e solid. Here wendigos represent oncoming winter. They were hunting to kill and eat poor Nokomis, the warm embodiment of female fecundity who, like the summer, has grown old.(42) .Knowing this was a pursuit to the death, Nokomis outsmarted the cold devils. She hid in a stand of maple trees, all red
35、and orange and deep yellow. This maple grove grew beside a waterfall whose mist blurred the trees outline. As they peered through the mist, slavering wendigos thought they saw a raging fire in which their prey was burning. But it was only old Nokomis being hidden by the bright red leaves of her frie
36、nds, the maples. And so, drooling ice and huffing frost, the wendigos left her and sought easier preys. For their service in saving the earththe following day, are often proved wrong (13)a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather m all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate一or
37、as inaccurate一as the weathermen in his (14). The overseas visitors may be excused for showing surprise at the number of references (15) weather that the English make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (16) by comments on the weather. Nice day, isnt i
38、t? “Beautiful!” may well be heard instead of Good morning, how are you?. (17) the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. (18)he wants to start a conversation With an Englishman but is (19)to know where to begin, he cou
39、ld do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20)an answer from even the most reserved of Englishmen.A.entertainedB.relaxedC. amusedD. enlightened2、A. yetmothers life, these maples were given a special gift: their water of life would be forever sweet, and Canadians
40、 would tap it for nourishment.(43) .Maple and its syrup row sweetly into Canadian humor. Quebeckers have the standard sirop durable for maple syrup, but add a feisty insult to label imitation syrups that are thick with glucose glop. They call this sugary imposter sirop de Poteau “telephone-pole syru
41、p or dead tree syrup.(44) .The contention that maple syrup is unique to North America is suspect, I believe, China has close to 10 species of maple, more than any country in the world. Canada has 10 native species. North America does happen to be home to the sugar maple, the species that produces th
42、e sweetest sap and the most abundant flow. But are we to believe that in thousands of years of Chinese history, these inventive people never tapped a maple to taste its sap? I speculate that they did. Could Proto-Americas who crossed the Bering land bridge to populate the Americas have brought with
43、them a knowledge of maple syrup? Is there a very old Chinese phrase for maple syrup? Is maple syrup mentioned in Chinese literature? For a non-reader of Chinese, suchquestions are daunting but not impossible to answer.(45) .What is certain is the maples holdfast on our national imagination. Its leaf
44、 was adopted as an emblem in New France as early as 1700, and in English Canada by the mid-19th century. In the fall of 1867, a Toronto schoolteacher named Alexander Muir was traipsing a street at the city, all squelchy underfoot from the soft felt of falling leaves, when a maple leaf alighted to hi
45、s coat sleeve and stuck there. At home that evening, he wrote a poem and set it to music, in celebration of Canadas Confederation. Muirs song, “The Maple Leaf Forever, was wi 22、 (42) 23、 (43) 24、 (44) 25、 (45) 26、 Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined
46、 segments into Chinese. (10 points)The carrot-and-stick theory of motivation (like Newtonian physical theory) works reasonably well under certain circumstances. (46)The means for satisfying mans physiological and (within limits) his safety needs can beprovided or with held by management. Employment
47、itself is such a means, and so are wages, working conditions, and benefits. By these means the individual can be controlled so long as he is struggling for subsistence.But the carrot-and-stick theory does not work at all once man has reached an adequate subsistence level and is motivated primarily b
48、y higher needs. Management cannot provide a man with self-respect, or with the respect of his fellows, or with the satisfaction of needs for seif-fu1fi11ment. (47)It can create such conditions that he is encouraged and enabled to seek such satisfactions for himself, or it can thwart him by failing to create those conditions.But this creation of conditions is not control. It is not a good device for directing behavior.And so management finds itself in an odd position. The high st