《2023年考研英语二真题详细解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年考研英语二真题详细解析.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortisol, which is it at stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what
2、 is supposed to be a place of refuge.段首句提出观点：人们在家中受到的压力比工作中更大(more stressed at home than at work),其次句通过详细的试验结果描述对首句进行道理论证 (cortisol浓度在家中比在工作中更高)。从考点设置来说，本段首句+其次句构成观点+例证的结构，可以对首句的观 点进行正确选项的设置。uFurther contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at
3、 work than at home, writes one of the researchersv . Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes, it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for non
4、-parents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.本段首句提出与传统观点相反的内容：女性在工作中经验的压力更小。其次 句进一步强化首句内容：女性更喜爱工作而非在家中，而男人却更加喜爱待在家 中。第三句+第四句提出另外一个让人惊讶的事实，没有孩子的夫妻更加喜爱工 作环境而非家庭环境。Many first-generation students struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ru
5、les of the game, and take advantage of college resources, they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ed
6、ucational experience, many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.本段首句描述了一代高校生的努力：学习中产阶级文化以及嬉戏规则，利用 高校资源。其次句指出了目前高校存在的问题：不会和学生谈论阶级的利弊问题。 第三句进一步指出带来的问题：因为很多高校不情愿承认阶级对学生教化经验的 影响，所以一代高校生们对如何提高自身无从下手。从考点设置来说，本段最终一句的为带
7、有缘由的长难句，适合设置细微环节 题的正确选项。26 . Recruiting more first-generation students hasAreduced their dropout ratesBnarrowed the achievement gap_C missed its original purposeDdepressed college students试题类型：事实信息题 解题思路：通过题干中的Recruiting more first-generation students定位到 文章首段第三句recruit more of them。本题考察的是录用更多第一代高校生
8、会造成的后果。依据语篇分析，本段最重要内容应当是第四句的长难句，句中存 在rather than的结构，重要大意是这样做会拉大（widen）而不是缩小（close） 第一代高校生和非第一代高校生之间的成就差距（gap）。这与高校本身的目的 是相违反的（通过第三句可知本意是帮助这些第一代高校生）。因此选项C是正 确的。干扰解除：通过分析可以知道，高校这样做带来的影响是偏负面的，而选项A （降 低退学率），B （拉近两者间的差距）都是偏正面的，可以干脆解除。选项D源 自本段最终一句中的depressing beginning of a paper,原文本意并没有谈到 高校生很抑郁，所以D属于未提及
9、选项，可以干脆解除。27 The author of the research article are optimistic because.Athe problem is solvableBtheir approach is costlessC the recruiting rate has increasedDtheir finding appeals to students试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干中的0Ptimistic可以定位到其次段首句。本题考察的是探 讨者乐观的缘由。其次段首句的后半句中as为缘由状语的引导词，当中明确指 出乐观的缘由是有一个针对上述问题的潜在的解决方
10、案（potential solution）, 因此选项A是正确的。干扰解除:选项B对应本段括号内的内容，其中的确提到方案基本没有成本（next to no cost）,但是这个方案只是整个approach中的一环，并没有说整个solution 都是没有成本的，所以B可以解除。选项C在原文并没出现，可以干脆解除。选 项D同样在文中没有提到，可以干脆解除。28 The study suggests that most first-generation students Astudy at private universities Bare from single-parent families C
11、 are in need of financial support Dhave failed their collage试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过依次原则推断定位段在第三段，题干中的most first-generation students定位在本段的最终一句。通过语篇分析，本句while部分与前半句构 成对比关系，while内谈到的不是一代学生生，只须要看前半句。当中指出一代 高校生都获得了资金资助(grant for financial need),可以干脆对应选项C。干扰解除：选项A对应本段首句中的unnamed private university,只是调查的 一个范本，并不
12、等同于都是在私立高校读书，可以解除选项A。选项B的single-parent families 源自本段最终句中的 one parent with a four year degree,事实上两者所指内容完全不同(前者是单亲家庭，后者是至少父母一方 接受四年高校教化)，所以B可以解除。选项D在本段没有提及，可以干脆解除。29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students Aare actually indifferent to the achievement gap Bcan have a potential i
13、nfluence on other students C may lack opportunities to apply for research projects Dare inexperienced in handling their issues at college试题类型：观点题 解题思路：通过依次原则推断本题对应文章第四段。通过语篇分析，本段首句为 长难句且当中存在转折结构，转折后指出一代高校生缺乏应对绝大多数高校生都 会面对的问题的实力(but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face m
14、ost college students)。 选项 D 中的 inexperienced 对应 lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge, 所以选项 D 是正确 的。干扰解除：选项A的achievement gap在本段其次句提到，但是文中没有说一代 高校生是否对此漠不关切，可以干脆解除。选项B的potential源自本段首句， 但是原文没有提到对其他学生存在潜在影响的内容，也可以干脆解除。选项C 虽然带有may,但是本段完全没有提到，所以可以干脆解除。30.We may inferfrom the last graph thatA
15、 universitiesoften reject the culture of the middle-class_Bstudents areusually to blame for their lack of resources_Csocial classgreatly helps enrich educational experiencesDcolleges arepartly responsible for the problem in question试题类型：推论题解题思路：通过题干定位到最终一段。在没有更加明确的定位点时，优先阅读本 段的重点考点内容，正确选项往往在其中。通过语篇分
16、析，本段最终一句带有因 果关系和否定结构(seldom),是重要的考点，大意是美国的高校都不情愿承认 社会阶级对学生的教化经验的影响，导致很多一代高校生表现不佳无法提高。暗 指第一代高校生会面临这样的逆境很大程度上是因为高校没有对他们给出足够 的指导，因此选项D是正确的。干扰解除：选项A的middle class对应本段首句，原文大意是很多一代高校生 追求中产阶级文化，而没有提到高校抵触中产阶级文化，所以A可以解除。选项 B的resource也是出自本段第一句，但是原文并没有指出学生缺乏资源且他们 自己要为其负责，B可以解除。选项C对应本段最终一句，原文指出社会阶层会 影响到学生的教化经验，并
17、不等于可以极大的丰富学习经验，因此选项C可以解 除。Text3Even in traditional offices, the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago, said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples. If you and I parachuted back t
18、o Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we wou 1 d see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn t talk about energy； we didn t talk about passion.本段首句提出Nancy Koehn的观点：相对于过去，传统办公室语言现在更加 的心情化和感性化（more right-bra
19、ined）。其次句到第四句起先进行举例：现 在常见的办公室语言（旅行，使命，激情）在过去不常见（过去是目标，战略， 目的）。从考点设置来说，本段首句和其后内容构成了总分关系，其次句到最终一句 更多的功能是说明首句中的more right-brained。所以首句是一个很好的正确 选项的出题点。Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very team-oriented一and not by coincidence. Lets not forget sports一in male-dominated corpor
20、ate America, its still a big deal. Its not explicitly conscious； its the idea that I m a coach, and you re my team, and were in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.本段首句提出Koehn的
21、观点：这种现象的出现并非偶然，而是源于团体感 (team-oriented) o其次句说明了团体感出现的缘由：体育给美国人带来团队 感。第三句+第四句进一步说明了体育培育公司团队感的现象：公司领导会把自 己看作是团队的教练，并且激励自己的队员去争取成功。从考点设置来说，本段其次句与后两句之间构成观点+道理论证的总分结构, 而且其次句对第一句描述的现象的产生做了说明，所以其次句为重要考点内容， 可以设置相应的选项。These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning一and, as Khurana points out, increa
22、se allegiance to the firm. You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations： Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose, said Khurana.本段首句接着提出Khurana的观点：这些术语可以增加员工的忠诚度。其次 句+第三句说明了缘由：过去这些术语大量被运用于非营利性或宗教组织(这些
23、 组织的成员忠诚度是特别高的，因此在公司运用这些属于也可以增加员工的忠诚 度)。从考点设置来说，本段首句与二三两句间构成了观点+说明的总分结构，类 似于上一段，同样本段首句为重要考点内容，可以设置正确选项。This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The momniy wars of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting argu
24、ments about why women still can t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about settingboundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your passion,
25、you 11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed。本段首句给出观点：这种个人成就感的实现可以产生激励作用。其次句给出 “The mommy wars”作为例证，支持现代办公室用语可以帮助女性思索她们须要 什么。第三句+第四句证明办公室用语的效果：尽管存在很多类似“拔插头”， “离线”等将家庭和工作区分开的术语，但是假如真的酷爱工作，则会家庭工作 两头兼顾。从考点设置来说，本
26、段最重要内容应当是首句观点（现代办公室用语可以激 励人）。包括第三句+第四句也是用来举例支持首句的。但是本题最终选择其次 句的细微环节进行考察，缘由是第一句观点已经在之前的段落中进行考察，所以 本段只能选择一个非主旨类的信息考察。But this seems to be the irony of office speak： Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can
27、 get people to think its nonsense at the same time that you buy into it. In a workplace that s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work一and how your work defines who you are.本段首句给出结论性观点：办公室用语是很重要的。其次句给出Nunberg 的观点进行支持：人们虽
28、然觉得不行思议却会接受它。最终一句总结指出：办公 室用语可以找到你和工作之间或的联系，并且能定义你工作中的角色。从考点设置来说，本段首句的转折和其次句的人物观点属于重要考点结构， 可以设置细微环节题或人物观点题的正确选项。31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has becomeAmore emotional Bmore objectiveCless energeticDless strategic试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干人名定位到第一段，考察的是办公室语言的改变。本段首句 即为Nancy的观点，当中的the lingua f
29、ranca等同于题干中的language,其 观点是办公室语言相对于过去更加的心情化（并列的后半部分的much more right-brained也是暗指更加的心情化）。而其次句起先是举例（Journey, mission, passion都是现在办公室用语，都是充溢心情化的词汇）。因此选项A 是正确的。干扰解除：选项B, C和D都是出自本段举例中的内容，各自都是表现现代办公 室用于和过去的区分的例子，而非观点性内容，所以都可以解除。32. “Team” -oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related toAhistorical incid
30、entsBgender differenceCsports cultureDathletic executives试题类型：事实信息题 解题思路：通过题干中的“Team” -oriented corporate vocabulary定位到文 章其次段第一句。首句指出办公室用语现在以团队为导向的方式并不是偶然(not by coincidence) o其次句用祈使句指出这和体育是有关系的。第三句起先连续 出现coach, team等词汇，以道理论证的方式指出团队以及领导人在美国公司文 化中的重要性。因此选项C是正确的。干扰解除：选项A和B在其次段中并没提到，可以干脆解除。选项D是对本段中 的co
31、ach 一词的引申，但是属于对coach的字面意义的理解，原文并不是说运动 员类的管理人员，而是指由coach (领导)所带领的团队(team),因此D也可 以解除。33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to.Arevive historical termsBpromote company imageCfoster corporate cooperationDstrengthen employee loyalty试题类型：观点题解题思路：通过题干人名定位到原文第三段其次句。题目考察的是引入术语的目 的是什么。
32、第三段首句就指出这样做可以提高雇员对公司的忠诚度(increase allegiance to the firm) o虽然其次句没有明确提到忠诚度这个内容，但是句 中的vision, value, passion等都是常见的让员工和公司价值观保持一样的习 惯用语。其次句其实是对首句做道理论证。因此选项D是正确的。干扰解除：选项A对应第三段其次句中的historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations (历史上都是 和宗教组织和无盈利组织相关的)，并没有提到要rev
33、ive (复兴)，因此选项A 是未提及选项可以解除。选项B在本段并没有提及，可以干脆解除。选项C的合 作精神等同于其次段中的team,但是并不是Khurana的观点，因此C可以解除。34. It can be inferred that Lean InAvoices for working womenBappeals to passionate workaholicsCtriggers debates among mommiesDpraises motivated employees试题类型：推论题解题思路：通过题干的Lean In可以定位到第四段其次句。第四段首句指出个人 成就的实现(per
34、sonal fulfillment)可以帮助员工找到生活和工作的平衡，而 其次句接着指出始于九零年头的“妈妈斗争”今日还在持续着并且推动着女性思 索为何她们不能拥有一切。之后的并列结构中出现Lean In,无论当中内容是什 么，必定和女权是有关系的，只有选项A明确提到这点，所以A必定是正确的。干扰解除：选项B的工作狂(workaholics)在本段内并没有提到，而且原文也 没有明确指出Lean In会吸引工作狂，所以B可以解除。选项C的debate和 mommies分别对应本段首句和其次句的单词，是拼凑出来的选项，原文并没提到 妈妈间有争辩，所以可以干脆解除。选项D的praise在Lean I
35、n中也没有提到, 可以干脆解除。35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?AManagers admire it but avoid it BLinguists believe it to be nonsense从考点设置来说，本段倒数其次句存在于上句的并列十句内转折+最终一句的 道理论证，属于重要考点，可以设置相应的细微环节题。What the study doesn, t measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at hom
36、e, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catchup-with-household tasks. With the blurr
37、ing of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.本段首句提出探讨的漏洞一一人们是否会在家接着工作？工作是家务还是 办公室的工作？其次句到第四句给出对立的观点：对男人而言，下班即意味着不 用工作了，而对于女性而言，上班或者下班都有工作要处理(catch-up-with-household task
38、s)。最终一句对前四句做出总结，女性在家 中的压力明显多过男性(women are more stressed at home)。从考点设置来说，本段最重要的考点是最终一句的总结内容，对本段其次句到第 四句的对比结构给出了明确的确定性的观点，且本身带有比较结构(more stressed),适合设置细微环节题正确选项。But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks
39、they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.本段首句给出抽象观点：这不仅仅是性别的问题。其次句+第三句指出工作 场合下人们的目标很明确付出劳动获得酬劳(working, making money) oCCompanies find it to be fundamental DRegular people moc
40、k it but accept it试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干中的。ffice speak定位到文章最终一段的首句。通过语篇 分析，本段最重要内容应当是Nunberg的观点(一方面人们觉得这是稀里糊涂的 另一方面又情愿接受它)，因此选项D是完全对应的。干扰解除：本段首句转折之后明确指出经理们是很喜爱。ffice speak的，与选 项A冲突，A可以干脆解除。选项B在本段并没有提到，可以干脆解除。选项C 对应本段最终一句，原文大意是对你生活和经验漠不关切的公司(a workplace that s fundamentally indifferent to your life and
41、its meaning), 和选 项C大意完全不同，C属于未提及选项可以干脆解除。Text 4Many people talked of the 288, 000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6. 1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We sti
42、ll have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.首段首句+其次句通过数据排列给出事实：就业人数在增加，失业率在下降。 第三句+第四句对前两句的事实进行了确定：经济在复原，虽然距离充分就业状 态还有距离，但是我们在加速前进着。从考点设置来说，本段主要围围着就业复原这一事实绽开探讨。但因为其次 段首句出现转折，所以本段不存在重要的观点，可以不设置相应的考题。However there is another
43、important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830, 000 （4, 4 percent） above its year ago level.本段首句给出转折：还有一个重要的事情被忽视了。其次句（观点）+第三句（细 微环节）指出自愿从事兼职的人数有了大幅增加。从考点设置来说，本段其次句是对首句抽象观点的
44、说明，而第三句是对其次句的 举例论证，因此其次句是最适合进行考点设置的。Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work i
45、s evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.第三段首句提出新内容，在说明就业状况和奥巴马医改的关系之前，须要做一个 重要的区分（没有讲明区分的内容，本句作用很小）。其次句+第三句承接首句 指出：很多人做兼职是出于无奈（自己没有方法拿到全职工作）。第四句进一步 指出：非自愿兼职工作意味着劳动力的弱势，以及很多人将来长期会过的很苦。从考点设置来说，本段其次句+第三句（缘由）是观点+说明的结构，可以针对
46、第 三句的缘由部分设置正确选项。There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640, 000(7. 9 percent)from its year ago level.本段首句指出非自愿兼职的人数呈下降趋势。其次句给出数据，进行举例论 证。从考点设置来说
47、，本段首句(观点)+其次句(例证)为典型的总分结构， 可以针对首句明确的观点内容设置正确选项。We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is yes.they are classified a
48、s working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.本段首句指出我们可以通过调查得知(because people tell us)人们从事 的是自愿兼职还是非自愿兼职。其次句起先到最终一句为调查的程序：通过每周 工作的时常以及是否自愿选择这一工作得知其是否是非自愿兼职。从考点设置来说，本段没有观点性内容。只是简洁的描述了对两种兼职类型 的调查方式，内容相对比较浅显，不适合设置考题。The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was t