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1、Problem No. 1 “Inventyourself”It is more difficult to bend a paper sheet, if it is folded “accordion style” or rolled into atube. Using a single A4 sheet and a small amount of glue, if required, construct abridge spanning a gap of 280 mm. Introduce parameters to describe the strength ofyour bridge,
2、and optimise some or all of them.问题一：你自己的制造使纸张弯曲是一件很困难的事情，假设它被折叠成“手风琴的样式”或者被卷成一个管子。使用单页A4纸和少量的胶水， 假设它需要，构造一个桥梁跨度280mm缺口，引进参数去描述你桥梁的承受力，同时优化它们。Problem No. 2 “Elasticspace”The dynamics and apparent interactions of massive balls rolling on a stretchedhorizontal membrane are often used to illustrate gra
3、vitation. Investigate the systemfurther. Is it possible to define and measure the apparent “gravitational constant” insuch a “world”?问题二：有弹性的空间从固定在水平方向的羊皮纸上滚下的巨大的球的动力学和外表上的相互作用常常被使用去显示重力，深层次的调查这 个系统，它是否能够定义并测量这个明显的在这个世界上存在的万有引力常量Problem No. 3 “Bouncingball”If you hold a Ping-Pong ball above the grou
4、nd and release it, it bounces. The nature ofthe collision changes if the ball contains liquid.Investigate how the nature of thecollision depends on amount of liquid inside the ball and other relevant parameters.问题三：跳动的小球假设你在地面上方抓住一个乒乓球，释放它，假设它跳动， 当球里有液体存在的时候这个碰撞的本质会发生转变，调查 碰撞的本质如何取决于内部液体的量和其他的一些相关参数
5、。Problem No. 4 “Soliton”A chain of similar pendula is mounted equidistantly along a horizontal axis, withadjacent pendula being connected with light strings.Each pendulum can rotate aboutthe axis but can not move sideways (see figure).Investigate the propagation of adeflection along such a chain. Wh
6、at is the speed for a solitary wave, when eachpendulum undergoes an entire 360o revolution?问题四：孤波一个相像的翻车机被水平的安装在坐标横轴，调查沿着这个链传播的一个偏向，什么是孤立波的速度，当 每一个摆锤经过整个360度的旋转时。Problem No. 5 “Levitation”A light ball (e.g. a Ping-Pong ball) can be supported on an upward airstream. Theairstream can be tilted yet sti
7、ll support the ball.Investigate the effect and optimise thesystem to produce the maximum angle of tilt that results in a stable ball position问题五：漂移一个轻球，例如一个乒乓球可以被一股向上的气流支撑， 这股气流即使发生倾斜照旧可以支撑小球，调查产生的效果并充分利用系统得出访小球稳固漂移是的最大倾斜角。Problem No. 6 “Colouredplastic”In bright light, a transparent plastic object
8、(e.g. a blank CD case) can sometimes shinein various colours (see figure). Study and explain the phenomenon. Ascertain if onealso sees the colours when various light sources are used.问题六：多彩的塑料在光明的灯光下，一个透亮塑料例如一个空白的光盘片 有时可以发出多种多样颜色的光线，争论并解释这个现象， 查明当光源被使用时一个也可以发出多种颜色光线的条件。Problem No. 7 “Hearinglight”Co
9、at one half of the inside of a jar with a layer of soot and drill a hole in its cover(see figure). When light from a light bulb connected to AC hits the jars black wall, adistinct sound can be heard. Explain and investigate the phenomenon.问题七：听见的光用煤灰包裹广口瓶内部外表的一半同时在它的外表钻一个洞。当光线从连接活性炭的电灯照耀广口瓶的黑色墙壁时， 会
10、产生一个可以明显被听到的声音，解释并调查这个现象。Problem No. 8 “Jet andfilm”A thin liquid jet impacts on a soap film (see figure). Depending on relevant parameters,the jet can either penetrate through the film or merge with it, producing interestingshapes. Explain and investigate this interaction and the resulting shapes.问
11、题八：喷射和薄膜一束细的液体喷射撞击皂膜，取决于相关的参数，这个喷射 可以穿透薄膜或者与他融合，从而产生好玩的外形，解释并 调查这个相互作用和所产生的图形。Problem No. 9 “Carbonmicrophone”For many years, a design of microphone has involved the use of carbon granules.Varying pressure on the granules produced by incident sound waves produces anelectrical output signal. Investig
12、ate the components of such a device and determineits characteristics.问题九：碳处理的麦克风已经很多年了，一项关于麦克风的设计涉及了碳颗粒，通过声波在颗粒上的不同的压力产生电力输出信号。调查这个装 置的组件并确定它的特征。Problem No. 10 “Water rise”Fill a saucer up with water and place a candle vertically in the middle of the saucer.The candle is lit and then covered by a tr
13、ansparent beaker. Investigate and explainthe further phenomenon.问题十：上升的水位用水填充一个碟子同时垂直的放置一个蜡烛在盘子的中心，这个蜡烛被点燃同时被一个透亮的烧杯罩住。调查并解释更深一层的现象。Problem No. 11 “BallBearing Motor”A device called a “Ball Bearing Motor” uses electrical energy to create rotationalmotion. On what parameters do the motor efficiency a
14、nd the velocity of the rotationdepend? (Take care when working with high currents!)问题十一：滚珠轴承发动机一个叫“滚珠轴承发动机”的装置使用电能转动，电机的运行效率和速率取决于什么参数。使用高强度电流时留神工 作Problem No. 12 “Helmholtzcarousel”Attach Christmas tree balls on a low friction mounting (carousel) such that the hole ineach ball points in a tangentia
15、l direction. If you expose this arrangement to sound of asuitable frequency and intensity, the carousel startsto rotate. Explain thisphenomenon and investigate the parameters that result in the maximum rotationspeed of the carousel.问题十二：亥姆霍兹旋转木马将圣诞树的小球系在一个摩擦力较小的旋转木马上如此以致每一个球指向一个切线方向，假设你暴露这个装置去探测 一个适
16、宜的频率和强度，旋转木马开头旋转，解释这个现象和调查影响旋转木马的最大旋转速度的参数。Problem No. 13 “Honeycoils”A thin, downward flow of viscous liquid, such as honey, often turns itself into circularcoils. Study and explain this phenomenon.问题十三：蜂蜜卷一束稀疏的，向下流淌的粘稠性液体，如蜂蜜，常常使它自 己变成了一个圆形的卷，争论并解释这一现象。Problem No. 14 “Flyingchimney”Make a hollow c
17、ylindrical tube from light paper (e.g.from an empty tea bag). Whenthe top end of the cylinder is lit, it takes off. Explain the phenomenon and investigatethe parameters that influence the lift-off and dynamics of the cylinder.问题十四：飞行的烟囱用光亮的纸制作一个中空的柱形管，例如从一个空的茶叶 袋，当圆柱的顶部被点着的时候，它起飞了，解释这个现 象然后调查影响圆柱体离地
18、升空和动力学参数。Problem No. 15 “Meniscusoptics”Cut a narrow slit in a thin sheet of opaque material. Immerse the sheet in a liquid,such as water. After removing the sheet from the liquid, you will see a liquid film inthe slit. Illuminate the slit and study the resulting pattern.问题十五：光学半月板在一个不透亮材质的薄钢板开一个狭缝，
19、使其侵入液体中， 例如水中，再将钢片从液体中移出后之后，你将会看到一层 液体膜在狭缝中，用光照亮狭缝然后争论产生的图案。Problem No. 16 “Hoops”An elastic hoop is pressed against a hard surface and then suddenly released. Thehoop can jump high in the air. Investigate how the height of the jump depends on therelevant parameters.问题十六：篮圈一个有弹性的篮圈把它用劲按压在一个平面然后突然释放， 这个篮圈可以在空气中跳得很高，调查使得蓝拳跳得高度所 取决的相关参数。Problem No. 17 “Fire hose”Consider a hose软管 with a water jet coming from its nozzle(喷嘴). Release the hose and observeits subsequent 随 后 的 motion. Determine the parameters that affect this motion问题十七：开火的软管考虑一个喷水软管，释放喷嘴然后观看它随后的动作，并确 定影响它动作的参数。