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1、20142014 宁夏考研英语一真题及答案宁夏考研英语一真题及答案Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blankand mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory and mentalclarity are not what they used
2、 to be.We suddenly cant remember1we put thekeys just a moment ago,or an old acquaintances name,or the name of an old bandwe used to love.As the brain2,we refer to these occurrences as seniormoments.3seemingly innocent,this loss of mental focus can potentially havea(an)4impact on our professional,soc
3、ial,and personal5.Neuroscientists,experts who study the nervous system,are increasingly showing thattheres actually a lot that can be done.It6out that the brain needs exercisein much the same way our muscles do,and the right mental7can significantlyimprove our basic cognitive8.Thinking is essentiall
4、y a9of makingconnections in the brain.To a certain extent,our ability to10in making theconnections that drive intelligence is inherited.11,because these connectionsare made through effort and practice,scientists believe that intelligence canexpand and fluctuate12mental effort.Now,a new Web-based com
5、pany has taken it a step13and developed the firstbrain training program designed to actually help people improve and regain theirmental14.The Web-based program15you to systematically improve your memory andattention skills.The program keeps16of your progress and provides detailedfeedback17your perfo
6、rmance and improvement.Most importantly,it18modifies and enhances the games you play to19on the strengths youare developing-much like a(n)20exercise routine requires you to increaseresistance and vary your muscle use.1.A why B when C that D where2.A improves B fades C collapses D recovers3.A While B
7、 Unless C Once D If4.A uneven B limited C damaging D obscure5.A relationship B environment C wellbeing D outlook6.A turns B finds C points D figures7.A responses B roundabouts C workouts D associations8.A genre B criterion C circumstancesD functions9.A channel B process C sequence D condition10.A ex
8、cel B feature C persist D believe11.A However B Moreover C Otherwise D Therefore12.A instead of B regardless of C apart from D according to13.A back B further C aside D around14.A framework B stability C sharpness D flexibility15.A hurries B reminds C forces D allows16.A order B track C hold D pace1
9、7.A to B on C for D with18.A constantly B habitually C irregularly D unusually19.A carry B put C build D take20.A risky B familiar C idle D effective答案：1-5 ABDCA 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DABAD 16-20 BDCCB1.标准答案 A考点分析 上下文语义和连词辨析选项分析 本题考查连词。根据上下文意思，首先可以排除BCD。这句话中 where 引导一个状语语从句，主要是说记不清把钥匙放在哪里了。2.标准答案 B考点分析 上
10、下文语义和动词辨析选项分析 As the brain 2 we refer to these occurrences as senior moments 这句话的意思是“由于大脑 2 我们称这些现象为“瞬间性老年痴呆”，由此可以排除A 和 C。Dcollapse 意为：使倒塌，使崩溃，不符合题意。fades 考察熟词僻意，通常意思为褪色，逝去。还有衰老的意思，这里就考察是衰老的意思。从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，大脑衰老。所以选B3.标准答案 D考点分析 逻辑衔接题选项分析 A if 表示假设“如果”。B Unless“除非，如果不”。COnce“一旦”。DWhile，“虽然，然而”
11、表转折。这句话的意思是虽然表面上看起来没什么，但是危害很大，前后位转折关系，所以选 D。4.标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 这四个选项均为形容词，A 表示“不均匀”，B 表示“有限的”，C 表示“有破坏性的，损坏的”，D 表示“模糊的，晦涩的”。这句话意思是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们带来的影响。根据上下文的意思，可以排除 A 和 D。而“有限的影响”显然不足以表达危害的严重性，故可以排除B 选项。C“带来有害的影响”最符合作者意图。5.标准答案 A考点分析 上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析 本句话含义是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们的职业、社交还有个人带来有害的影响。A wellb
12、eing“幸福”。Benvironment“环境”。C relationship“关系”。D outlook“展望”。and 连接若干名词，这些名词应该为同一类，职业、社交都是和个人相关，排除B 和D，C personal relationship 就是 social 的意思，不能重复，选择A，个人幸福。6.标准答案 A考点分析 固定搭配选项分析 A it turns out that“原来，其实”。Bit finds out that“本文发现”。C it points out that“指出”。D it figures out that“本文发现”。It 代表神经科学，这句话的意思是越来越
13、多的精神学家们都表示，大脑其实跟肌肉一样需要练习运动。这里给出的是神经科学的结论，因此选择 it turns out that7.标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析 这四个选项均为名词。A roundabouts 迂回路线。Bresponses 回应。Cworkouts 锻炼，练习。Dassociations 协会。Cworkouts 锻炼，练习与前文出现的exercise 都有“锻炼，练习”的意思，近义词复现，所以选C8.标准答案 B考点分析 上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析 这四个选项均为名词。Agenre 类型，种类。Bfunctions 功能。Ccircumstances
14、情况，环境。Dcriterion 批评判断的标准、准则。这句话的意思是正确的智力运动能极大地提高我们最基本的认知功能，根据语义，选择Bfunctions 功能。9.标准答案 D考点分析 上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析 这四个选项均为名词。A channel通道，频道。Bcondition条件。Csequence顺序，序列。Dprocess 过程，步骤。根据常识，思考是一个过程，并且通过脑神经相互接触来完成，其他选项表示渠道、序列、条件，均不符合常识。因此正确答案是表示过程的D选项。这句话的意思是思考是大脑神经连接必要的过程。10.标准答案 D考点分析 上下文语义和动词辨析选项分析 这四个选项均为
15、动词。A persist 坚持。B believe 相信。C excel 超过。D feature 特色。本句句意，在某种程度来讲，我们在进行神经连接(直接影响人的聪明程度)方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的。excel 有超过擅长的意思，表示在某个方面出众，放在此处符合题意，因此正确答案为B。11.标准答案 D考点分析 逻辑衔接题选项分析 本题需要的是一个副词，而且位于句首，因此考察的是句关系。通过前后句意义来定答案，前一句强调的是智力是与生俱来的(inherited)，而后一句则认为是可以通过脑力活动(mental effort)会有所波动，两句意义明显相反，故正确答案为DHowever。12.标
16、准答案 A考点分析 上下文语义和短语辨析选项分析 本题并不难，可以理解为：智力可以脑力活动得到提升或出现波动。Bregardless of“不管，不顾”不合逻辑。Capart from“除之外”也不合适。Dinstead of“代替”明显不符。故A为正确答案。13.标准答案 B考点分析 上下文语义和固定搭配选项分析 本题考察的是固定搭配：take a step，能搭配只有 A 和 C，分别指“采取进一步措施”和“让到一边去”，无论从逻辑上还是从句意上都是 A 符合。14.标准答案 A考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 本题考察的是动宾搭配：improve and regain sbs me
17、ntal，再根据前文一直在讲如何提高“智力”，因此可以排除 A(模式)和 B(稳定性)，C(灵活性)和 D(锋利性，尖锐性)容易混淆，C 有一定的干扰性，但双比之下，D 更契合前文，故选 D。15.标准答案 D考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 空格所在句的意思是说这个网络课程可以_系统地改善你的记忆力和注意力。而且此处需要填入的动词需要与 to 进行搭配。根据搭配关系直接排除 A,B。本文的主题介绍的是使人聪明的脑力锻炼法，感情色彩是中性的，此处的 D 选项 force 排除，所以最恰当的是 D。16.标准答案 B考点分析 上下文语义和固定搭配选项分析 空格所在句的意思是说这个培训课程还
18、可以_学习进度，并且给予详尽的信息反馈。根据语境，空格缺少的词汇意义为跟踪学习进度，分析四个选项，直接排除 A hold,C order;辨析 B,D 两个选项，与 D 选项的 pace 搭配的介词应该为 with，即，keep pace with，所以排除，B 选项为正确答案，keep track of 意思为跟踪。17.标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和介词选项分析 本题考查介词，根据空格前后语境，空格所缺少的介词意义为关于你的表现作出详细的反馈，四个选项中只有 D 有关于的意思。18.标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 空格所在句的意思是说更加重要的是，它会_调整并升级有
19、关训练游戏。通过前后句的语境，所用词汇均为褒义词，所以，从感情色彩方面可以排除 A，B 习惯性的主语应该为人，直接排除。B 经常的，D 异乎寻常的代入，发现 C 比较符合题意。19.标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 空格所在句的意思是说它会经常调整并升级有关训练游戏，以促进脑力的不断_。本题所缺少的动词需要与介词 on 搭配，A put on 穿上，增加;B carry on 执行;C buildon 在基础上增加，构建;D take on 呈现;代入空格发现只有 C 适合，A,B,D 都不与空格后面的 development 相搭配。20.标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和
20、词汇辨析选项分析 本题涉及的是一个含不定式作后定的句子，所缺词汇为形容词修饰 exerciseroutine，根据前后情感一致的逻辑，通过后面的不定式中的关键词 increase 寺和 vary yourmuscle use 等信息反推所需词汇为正向词汇，直接排除 A 和 B，D 是中性，只有 C(有效的)符合逻辑，故为正确答案。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A,B,C,D
21、.Mark your choice on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1In order to“change lives for the better”and reduce“dependency,”George Orbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer,introduced the“upfront work search”scheme.Onlyif the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV register for online job search,and start lookin
22、g for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they shouldreport weekly rather than fortnightly.What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed.There will now be a seven-day wait for thejobseekers allowance.“Those first few days should be spent looking for work,not looking
23、 to sign on.”he claimed.“Were doing these things because we knowthey help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster”Help?Really?On first hearing,this was the socially concerned chancellor,tryingto change lives for the better,complete with“reforms”to an obviously indulge
24、ntsystem that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work,andsubsides laziness.What motivated him,we were to understand,was his zeal for“fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer,controlling spending and ensuringthat only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
25、Losing a job is hurting:you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in yourheart,delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.It is financially terrifying,psychologically embarrassing and you know that supportis minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.You are now not
26、 wanted;you support isminimal and extraordinarily hard to get.You are now not wanted;you are now excludedfrom the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.Worse,the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared.Ask anyone newly unemployed wh
27、at they want and the answer is always:a job.But in Osborneland,your first instinct is to fall into dependency permanentdependency if you can get it supported by a state only too ready to indulge yourfalsehood.It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search andbenefit administratio
28、n system never happened.The principle of British welfare isno longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receiveunconditional payments if the disaster happens.Even the very phrase“jobseekers allowance”invented in 1996 is about redefining the unemployed as a“jobseeker”wh
29、o had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned throughmaking national insurance contributions.Instead,the claimant receives atime-limited“allowance,”conditional on actively seeking a job;no entitlementand no insurance,at 71.70 a week,one of the least generous in the EU.真题解析：文章概括：政府大臣 Gro
30、rge Osbome 提出了一个项目帮助失业的人找工作。21.George Osbornes scheme was intended to _.Aprovide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.Bencourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking.Cmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.Dguarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits.答案：B 细节题。本道题的关键是 int
31、ended to 问的是目的，所以我们也应该去寻找体现目的性的词汇，所以在首段首句看到了 in order to,则后面的内容即为本题答案，结合后面找工作的内容则选择 B 选项。22.The phrase“to sign on”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means _.Ato check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.Bto accept the governments restrictions on the allowance.Cto register for an allowance from th
32、e government.Dto attend a governmental job-training program.答案：C 词义句意题。先根据题干定位到第二段第三行，to sign on 前面有一个很明显的not，则我们可以推知,这一定是前面的反义，我们只要读懂前面半部分就可以了，前面说应该 spend looking for work，正好和 A 选项相符，所以我们只要选择一个相反的选项即可，则选择 C 选项。23.What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?_.AA desire to secure a better life
33、 for all.BAn eagerness to protect the unemployed.CAn urge to be generous to the claimants.DA passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.答案:A 细节题。本道题的关键是题目中的 prompted 和 chancellor，根据 chancellor 能定位到二段第五行，再向下寻找则可发现 motivate 和 prompt 是对应的，所以看本句即可发现和 A 选项是对应的。24.According to Paragraph 3,being unemployed m
34、akes one one feel_.Auneasy.Benraged.Cinsulted.Dguilty.答案:A 细节题。本道题根据 unemployed 回到文中定位在第三段的最后一句，没有感觉相关内容，所以需要向前找答案，再根据本段第一句话中的 losing a job 即可判定答案在第二句，因此选择 A 选项。另我们会发现 BCD 三个选项趋于强烈和负面，所以，我们选择 A选项。25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?_.AThe British welfare system indulges
35、 jobseekers laziness.BOsbornes reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.CThe jobseekers allowance has met their actual needs.DUnemployment benefits should not be made conditional.答案:B 细节题。本题题根据选项定位。A 选项根据大写字母 The British welfare system定位到最后一段的第三句，原文是“no longer”，选项与原文反向干扰。B 选项根据 Osbornes reforms
36、定位到第一段第二句，可以得出该项目可减少失业危险，所以 B 为正确答案。C选项根据题干“the jobseekers allowance”定位到最后一段倒数第二句，该句提到“nofundamental right”，恰与 C 选项表意相反，所以 C 是反向干扰。D 选项根据题干“conditional”定位到最后一段最后一句，其中只提到“conditional on actively seekinga job”，并没有要说以后应该怎样，所以属于无中生有。Text 2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the mem
37、bers of any otherprofession-with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few placeswhere clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in Americagrew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers
38、-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates neverget a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filerthat makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal educati
39、on.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduatedegree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and anexpensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves todays average law-schoolgraduate with$100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate
40、debts.Law-school debt meansthat they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideashave been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern theprofession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow peo
41、pleto study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the barafter only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough testfor a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to doso.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their
42、 debt mountain by athird.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownershipstructure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may notown any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There ispressure for change from within the prof
43、ession,but opponents of change among theregulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers fromthe pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs andimprove services to customers,by encour
44、aging law firms to use technology and toemploy professional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing theirlegal professions.America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to_.Athe
45、 growing demand from clients.Bthe increasing pressure of inflation.Cthe prospect of working in big firms.Dthe attraction of financial rewards.答案：D。该题是因果细节题，考察细节。首先，根据段落定位原则模糊定位，定位到前几段。其次，再精确定位，题干中有关键词“students”“law”“profession”，回到原文寻找相关信息。第一段未发现相关信息，然后到第二段看到“The best lawyers madeskyscrapers-full of
46、money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.”与题干有重合之处，选项 D 是该句的同义替换。A、B、C 三个选项根据原文个别词汇“clients”“inflation”“big-firm”等进行干扰。注意，第一段的 But 是个假转折词，并非答案处。27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most Americanstates?_.AHigher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.BAd
47、missions approval from the bar association.CPursuing a bachelors degree in another major.DReceiving training by professional associations.答案：C。该题是细节题，考察细节。首先根据段落定位原则定位到第三段。其次，根据题干关键词“the costs of legal education”精确定位到第三段第二句话“One is theexcessive costs of a legal education.”问题是“which of the following
48、adds to thecosts of legal education”，因此定位句的下一句就是答案”即“There is just one pathfor a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree in someunrelated subject,then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools accreditedby the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for
49、the bar exam.”分析选项可知，选项C恰当概况了该句子的涵义。A选项利用三段末尾的“This leaves todays average law-school graduate with$100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.”进行干扰。B 选项无中生有。D 选项根据四段最后一句出现的“training”个别词汇进行干扰。28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from_.Alawyers and clients strong resistance.Bth
50、e rigid bodies governing the profession.Cthe stem exam for would-be lawyers.Dnon-professionals sharp criticism.答案：B。该题是原因细节题，问来源。首先段落定位原则定位到第四段。其次，根据题干关键词“the reform of the legal system”定位到第二句“Sensible ideas have been aroundfor a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have b