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1、八年级英语第二单元知识点及习题 语言 知识精讲 1、How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次？(P9 标题)（1）how often 表示“多久一次”。用来询问动作的频率。其答语通常是once a day,often,usually,every day,never,sometimes,three times a week 等。比如：-How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次？-Once a day.一天一次。拓展 类似表示频率的词汇还有：once in a while(偶尔)，seldom(很少)，hardly(几乎不)，every two
2、weeks(没两个星期)。其中 hardly 和 seldom 在居中表示否定的意义，对这些词汇的提问也用 how often。练习：()1.-_ do you go to the sports club?-At least once a week.A.How long B.How often C.How much D.How far()2.Tina _ three times a week.She is very healthy.A.exercise B.exercises C.exercising 2、help with housework 帮助做家务（P9 1a）（1）help with
3、 sth.意为“帮助做某事”。如：我的弟弟经常在家帮助做家务。翻译：My brother often helps with housework at home.【拓展】：help sb.with sth.=help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事 help oneself(to sth.)意为“随便吃（某物）；款待”(2)housework 是不可数名词，意为“家务劳动；家务活”如：My mother often does the housework on weekends.我的母亲经常周末做家务。3、sometimes 有时（P9 1b）【辨析】sometimes，sometim
4、e，some time，some times（1）sometimes 是一个频度副词，相当于 at times,意为“有时”，可置于句首、句中或者句末。-What do you often do after school?-I often do my homework,but sometimes I watch TV.(2)sometime 是一个副词，意为“在某个时候；日后”，指一个不确定的时间，常与过去时的谓语动词或将来时得谓语动词搭配，谓语其所属的时间状语之前。We shall have a school meeting sometime next week.我们将于下周某个时候开校务会
5、议。（3）some time 意为“一些时候；一段时间”，在句中与延续性动词连用。Last summer I went to Italy and worked there for some time.去年夏天我去了意大利，在那里工作了一段时间。（4）some times 意为“几次；几倍”。其中 time 是可数名词，意为“次；回”。He has been to Beijing some times.他到北京去过好几次了。4、hardly ever 几乎从不（P9 1b）Hardly 是个副词，含否定意义，她的位置通常在 be 动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实意动词之前。与 ever 连用时，意
6、为“几乎从不；很少”，意义上接近于 almost never.He could hardly see anything.他几乎什么也看不见。翻译：这儿几乎不从不下雨。It hardly ever rains here.-How is Susan?-Oh,she lives abroad,so I _ ever see her.A.hardly B.greatly C.clearly D.nearly 5、Hmm next week is quite full for me,Jack.嗯 我下周很忙，杰克。（P10 2d）full adj.忙的；满的；充满的；饱的。作“忙的”讲时相当于 busy
7、。常用结构有：be full of 充满 的，相当于 be filled with.Every glass is full of water.每个玻璃杯都装满了水。翻译：篮子里装满了各种各样的水果。The basket is full of kinds of fruits.=The basket is filled with kinds of fruits.6、How come？How come 意为“为什么呢？怎么会呢？”相当于 Why?用以询问某事为什么会发生，或者为什么会有某种情况存在。可单独使用，也可接陈述语序的从句。How come he got the job?她为什么会得到这份工
8、作呢？How come you are late?你怎么迟到了？翻译：你今天早晨迟到了一个小时，怎么回事？You were an hour late this morning,how come?7、如何使用频度副词（P11）(1)常见的频度副词有 always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never 等。（2）如何区分它们表示动作重复的程度：always 意为“总是；一直”，频率最高，表示动作状态持续，中间没有间断，其反义词是 never。The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从东方升起。usually 意为“通常”，即很少
9、例外，频率仅次于 always。I usually go to school by bike.often 意为“经常；常常”，不如 usually 那么频繁，表示动作重复，偶有间断。She often helps me with my English.sometimes 意为“有时；不时”，频率比 often 低，表示动作偶有发生，间断较大。Sometimes they play football on Sunday afternoon。他们有时候在星期天下午踢足球。常是等比如你多久锻炼一次一天一次拓展类似表示频率的词汇还有偶尔很少几乎不没两个星期其中和在居中表示否定的意义对这些词汇的提问也用
10、练习帮助做家务意为帮助做某事如我的弟弟经常在家帮助做家务翻译拓展帮助某人做 当于意为有时可置于句首句中或者句末是一个副词意为在某个时候日后指一个不确定的时间常与过去时的谓语动词或将来时得谓语动词搭配谓语其所属的时间状语之前我们将于下周某个时候开校务会议意为一些时候一段时间在句中 去过好几次了几乎从不是个副词含否定意义她的位置通常在动词情态动词和助动词之后实意动词之前与连用时意为几乎从不很少意义上接近于他几乎什么也看不见翻译这儿几乎不从不下雨嗯我下周很忙杰克忙的满的充满的饱的作忙 seldom 意为“很少；不常”频率次于 sometimes。He is seldom late for schoo
11、l。他上学很少迟到。never 意为“从不；决不”频率为零。Simon is never at home on Sundays.西蒙星期天从来不在家。练习：1、If my friend have any problem，my door is _ open to them.A.never B.seldom C.sometimes D.always 2.-Where shall we eat tonight?-Let s call Harry.He _ knows the best places to go.A.only B.nearly C.seldom D.always 8、She says
12、its good for my health.她说它（牛奶）有益于我的健康。（P12 1b）be good for 意为“对 有好处，对 有益处、有效、使用”后接人或事物的代词或者名词。Reading books is good for you.读书对你有好处。The medicine is good for headaches.这药可治头痛。9、We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.我们发现我们的学生中仅有百分之十五的人每天锻炼（P13 2b）We found that后面是一个宾语从句，其
13、中 find 意为“发觉、发现”，有以下用法：（1）find 意为“发现、发觉”。作此意解时，其后接“宾语+补语”。作宾补的动词用现在分词还是过去分词取决于动词同宾语之间的关系。When they got to school,they found the door locked.They found her walking alone on the beach.(2)find 后接从句 Find 后接 that 从句，表示“发现一个事实或者真理”He found that some of the natives knew his language.他发现有一些当地人懂得他的语言。10、but
14、we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.但是我们惊讶的是他们中有百分之九十每天都上网。（P13 2b）be surprised 后接 that 从句，意为“对 很惊讶、吃惊”；be surprised at sth.意为“对某事感到惊讶”；be surprised to do sth.意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。Im surprised that you are the only one to think in that way.我很惊讶，你是唯一一个那样想的人。I was surprise
15、d at his answer.11、at least至少（P13 2b）at least 是介词短语，表示数量或者程度，意为“至少，起码”其反义词是 at most 意为“最多；至多”。I study at least for 6 hours every day.我每天至少学习 6 个小时。常是等比如你多久锻炼一次一天一次拓展类似表示频率的词汇还有偶尔很少几乎不没两个星期其中和在居中表示否定的意义对这些词汇的提问也用练习帮助做家务意为帮助做某事如我的弟弟经常在家帮助做家务翻译拓展帮助某人做 当于意为有时可置于句首句中或者句末是一个副词意为在某个时候日后指一个不确定的时间常与过去时的谓语动词或
16、将来时得谓语动词搭配谓语其所属的时间状语之前我们将于下周某个时候开校务会议意为一些时候一段时间在句中 去过好几次了几乎从不是个副词含否定意义她的位置通常在动词情态动词和助动词之后实意动词之前与连用时意为几乎从不很少意义上接近于他几乎什么也看不见翻译这儿几乎不从不下雨嗯我下周很忙杰克忙的满的充满的饱的作忙Here are at least fifty students in the class.【拓展】least 是 little 的最高级，意为“最小，最少，最小的”He has the least money of the three.这三个人中，他的钱最少。12、although conj.
17、虽然；尽管；即使（P13 2b）although 可以引导让步状语从句。Although Though she gave no sign,I was sure she had seen me.尽管她没有示意，我还是确信她看见我了。【拓展】although=though 用作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，这两个词都不能与 but 连用，即用了 although、though 就不能再用 but,不过可以与 yetstill 一起使用。Even thoughif 即使、尽管；as thoughif 好像，仿佛（这两个词组中 though不能换为 although）翻译：尽管他身体不好，但是他工作很努力
18、。Althoughthough he is in poor health,he works hard.He is in poor health,but he works hard.13、through（P13 2b）(1)通过，经过 We walked through the market to the truck park.我们步行穿过市场到了卡车停车场。The thief got in through the window.小偷是通过这扇窗户进来的。（2）借着；以；经由 He became rich through hard work.他靠努力工作致富。（3）在 一带；在 之内 We tr
19、avelled through France and Belgium on our holidays.假期里我们在法国、比利时一带旅游。14、Exercise such as playing sports is fun 向体育活动这样的锻炼方式很有趣（P13 2b）【辨析】such as,for example(1)such as 作“例如”讲，用来举例同类人或事物中的几个例子。Some of the European languages come from Latin,such as French,Italian and Spanish.有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语，例如法语、意大利语和西班牙语
20、。（2）for example 作“例如”讲时，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，做插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。For example,air is invisible.例如，空气是看不见的。Playing sports 属于动名词短语，一般来说，动名词（短语）作主语表示一种抽象的和泛指动作。Seeing is believing。眼见为实。【注意】动名词或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。15.And remember,“Old habits die hard.”请记住：“旧习难改”。（P13 2b）常是等比如你多久锻炼一次一天一次拓展类似表示频率的词汇还有
21、偶尔很少几乎不没两个星期其中和在居中表示否定的意义对这些词汇的提问也用练习帮助做家务意为帮助做某事如我的弟弟经常在家帮助做家务翻译拓展帮助某人做 当于意为有时可置于句首句中或者句末是一个副词意为在某个时候日后指一个不确定的时间常与过去时的谓语动词或将来时得谓语动词搭配谓语其所属的时间状语之前我们将于下周某个时候开校务会议意为一些时候一段时间在句中 去过好几次了几乎从不是个副词含否定意义她的位置通常在动词情态动词和助动词之后实意动词之前与连用时意为几乎从不很少意义上接近于他几乎什么也看不见翻译这儿几乎不从不下雨嗯我下周很忙杰克忙的满的充满的饱的作忙(1)Old habits die hard.(
22、旧习难改)是英语中的一句谚语，表示习惯一旦养成，并非朝夕可改，多用来描述人们一时难以改变的固有观念以及做法。Old habits die hard.Thats why you should stop smoking before the habits takes hold.旧习难改，这就是你应该在习惯形成之前戒烟的原因。(2)die 为短暂性动词，其现在分词是 dying，过去式是 died.Her grandma died at age of 70.她的奶奶 70 岁时去世了。Die 对应的形容词是 dead,名词是 death.【注意】如果后面为延续性时间，则不能用动词 die,只能用形容
23、词来表达，die 用于进行时时，表示“即将死去”The old man is dying.这个老人奄奄一息。Lei Feng was dead of many years.But death cant bring him a way from peoples heart.16、less than 和 more than(P15 3a)Less than 用在数字前表示“不到，不足”，和 more than 在意思上相对。more than 表示“超过”，相当于 over；less than 和 more than 中的 less 和 more，分别是 little 和 muchmany 的比较
24、级。其中 more than 还可以修饰名词，表示“不仅仅”。He bought the book for less than 10 yuan.他花了不足 10 元钱买了这本书。Hes more than a singer.He s also a dancer.练习：一、单项选择。（）1、Enough sleep _ health.If you stay up for your favorite TV programs,you will feel sleepy.A.is good for B.is good at C.is good to D.does well in()2.-You boug
25、ht the car about three years ago?-Yes._ its old,it still run well.A.Because B.For C.Although D.But()3.You can get the book _ your local distributor(当地经销商)A.on B.through C.with D.in()4.He bought a lot of fruit,_ apples and oranges.A.such as B.for example C.same as D.so as()5.He was born in 1847 and _
26、 in 1913.A.death B.dead C.died D.die()6.This city has a population of more than 1000000.(同义替换)A.less than B.less C.for D.over()7.David was so excited at the good news that he could _ Say a word.A.nearly B.hard C.ever D.hardly()8.-_ do you have an Art Festival in your school?常是等比如你多久锻炼一次一天一次拓展类似表示频率的
27、词汇还有偶尔很少几乎不没两个星期其中和在居中表示否定的意义对这些词汇的提问也用练习帮助做家务意为帮助做某事如我的弟弟经常在家帮助做家务翻译拓展帮助某人做 当于意为有时可置于句首句中或者句末是一个副词意为在某个时候日后指一个不确定的时间常与过去时的谓语动词或将来时得谓语动词搭配谓语其所属的时间状语之前我们将于下周某个时候开校务会议意为一些时候一段时间在句中 去过好几次了几乎从不是个副词含否定意义她的位置通常在动词情态动词和助动词之后实意动词之前与连用时意为几乎从不很少意义上接近于他几乎什么也看不见翻译这儿几乎不从不下雨嗯我下周很忙杰克忙的满的充满的饱的作忙-Once a year.()9.-Wh
28、at was the weather like?-It rained _ and people could _ go out.A.hardly;hard B.hard;hardly C.hard;hard D.hardly;hardly()10.We are going to have a party _ next week.A.sometime B.some time C.sometimes D.some times()11.I cant eat any more food.I am _.A.busy B.hungry C.full D.serious()12.Take more _,and
29、 youll be thinner and healthier.A.exercise B.homework C.medicine D.meals()13.-Steve,_ do you play basketball after school?-Twice a week.It can keep me healthy.A.how far B.how soon C.how long D.how often()14.-Zhang Lili,“the most beautiful teacher”,has moved us deeply.-Yes,and she is _ popular with h
30、er students.A.sometimes B.never C.always D.hardly()15.We can be thankful every day,not just _ Thanksgiving Day.A.in B.on C.to D.by()16.Lee _ all night in order to watch the football match between France and Italy.A.put up B.stayed up C.got up D.showed up()17.-Is your friend Michael still in Australi
31、a?-I dont know.I have _ information(信息)about him because we havent seen each other for _ years.A.a little;a few B.little,a few C.a few,a little D.few,a little 二、根据句意及汉语提示，填如恰当的单词。1、The river runs _(穿过)the city.2、This is _(这样的)a beautiful garden.I love it very much.3、-A year later my dog _（死亡）-Im s o
32、rry to hear that.三、用所给单词的恰当形式填空。4、If you want to be healthier,you should take _(much)exercise and eat _(little)meat.5、_(eat)an apple a day is good for your health.6.It is good to relax by _(use)the Internet or watching game show.7.Most students have good _(habit).8.This was a traffic accident(交通事故).
33、Many people _(die)四、根据汉语意思完成句子。1、刘老师对玛丽的想法感到惊奇。Mr.Liu _ _ _ Marys idea.常是等比如你多久锻炼一次一天一次拓展类似表示频率的词汇还有偶尔很少几乎不没两个星期其中和在居中表示否定的意义对这些词汇的提问也用练习帮助做家务意为帮助做某事如我的弟弟经常在家帮助做家务翻译拓展帮助某人做 当于意为有时可置于句首句中或者句末是一个副词意为在某个时候日后指一个不确定的时间常与过去时的谓语动词或将来时得谓语动词搭配谓语其所属的时间状语之前我们将于下周某个时候开校务会议意为一些时候一段时间在句中 去过好几次了几乎从不是个副词含否定意义她的位置通常
34、在动词情态动词和助动词之后实意动词之前与连用时意为几乎从不很少意义上接近于他几乎什么也看不见翻译这儿几乎不从不下雨嗯我下周很忙杰克忙的满的充满的饱的作忙 2、我不喜欢水果，例如苹果和香蕉。I like fruit,_ _ apples and bananas.3、杰克擅长数学。Jack _ _ _ math。完形填空：Mr.And Mrs.Wang are very forgetful(健 忘).For example,Mr.Wang sometimes goes to work on Sunday morning,because he thinks it is 1.And Mrs.Wang
35、sometimes forgets to cook supper for the family.One summer they planned to 2 to New York for their holidays.They got to the airport only ten minutes 3 the plane took off.So time was shortBut 4 Mrs.Wang said she must tell Ling Ling,their daughter,not to forget to 5 the front door when she went to sch
36、ool.But Ling Ling then was at school.They couldnt tell her about it by 6.So they hurried to the post office.Mrs.Wang wrote a short note to Ling Ling,and Mr.Wang bought a 7 and an envelope(信封).Soon the note was ready.They put the stamp on the envelope 信封)in a hurry and dropped it in the letter 8,but
37、suddenly Mrs.Wang began to cry.The short note was 9 in her hand.She had put the plane tickets in the 10.()1.A.sunny B.cloudy C.Monday D.Sunday()2.A.walk B.drive C.fly D.run()3.A.before B.often C.when D.because()4.A.often B.ever C.always D.suddenly()5.A.open B.lock C.closed D.push()6.A.plane B.train
38、C.telephone D.bus()7.A.note B.pen C.stamp D.letter()8.A.envelopeB.box C./D.office()9.A.still B.already C.always D.not()10.A.plane B.envelope C.hand D.school HOMEWORK:（）1.How often does your sister surf the internet?About.A.three time B.three times C.three time every day D.three times a day（）2.When i
39、s your father going to Hong Kong?He is going there July 28th.A.on B.at C.in D.to（）3.Thank you for me find my little cat yesterday.A.help B.helps C.helped D.helping（）4.Are you good at?常是等比如你多久锻炼一次一天一次拓展类似表示频率的词汇还有偶尔很少几乎不没两个星期其中和在居中表示否定的意义对这些词汇的提问也用练习帮助做家务意为帮助做某事如我的弟弟经常在家帮助做家务翻译拓展帮助某人做 当于意为有时可置于句首句中或者
40、句末是一个副词意为在某个时候日后指一个不确定的时间常与过去时的谓语动词或将来时得谓语动词搭配谓语其所属的时间状语之前我们将于下周某个时候开校务会议意为一些时候一段时间在句中 去过好几次了几乎从不是个副词含否定意义她的位置通常在动词情态动词和助动词之后实意动词之前与连用时意为几乎从不很少意义上接近于他几乎什么也看不见翻译这儿几乎不从不下雨嗯我下周很忙杰克忙的满的充满的饱的作忙 A.swim B.swimming C.to swim D.swam（）5.Could I please use your computer?.A.Yes,I can.B.Yes,you cant C.Sorry,you
41、cant D.No,I cant.（）6.Frank lives a simple life _ he has lots of money.A.although B.because C.so D.if（）7._ the students usually surf _ the Internet and get information.A.60 percents of;in B.60 percent;in C.60 percent of;on D.60 percents;on（）8.I want to write for international _ to become a writer.A.c
42、hairs B.computers C.doors D.magezines（）9.To keep healthy,many people _ every day.A.take a shower B.take pride C.take a look D.take exercise（）10.Most students exercise _ a week.A.once or twice B.one time or two times C.one time or twice D.once or two times（）11.These are the results _ the student acti
43、vity survey _ our school.A.to;in B.of;at C.for;in D.at;to（）12.Eating a lot of vegetables _ good _ our health.A.is;to B.are;for C.are;at D.is;for（）13.We should keep _ in the library.A.quietly B.healthily C.quiet D.healthy（）14.Eat _ fruit and vegetables but _ chocolate,and you can be healthier.A.much;
44、less B.more;less C.much;little D.more;few（）15.does it take you to watch TV?About forty minutes.A.How long B.How much C.How often D.How many 常是等比如你多久锻炼一次一天一次拓展类似表示频率的词汇还有偶尔很少几乎不没两个星期其中和在居中表示否定的意义对这些词汇的提问也用练习帮助做家务意为帮助做某事如我的弟弟经常在家帮助做家务翻译拓展帮助某人做 当于意为有时可置于句首句中或者句末是一个副词意为在某个时候日后指一个不确定的时间常与过去时的谓语动词或将来时得谓语动词搭配谓语其所属的时间状语之前我们将于下周某个时候开校务会议意为一些时候一段时间在句中 去过好几次了几乎从不是个副词含否定意义她的位置通常在动词情态动词和助动词之后实意动词之前与连用时意为几乎从不很少意义上接近于他几乎什么也看不见翻译这儿几乎不从不下雨嗯我下周很忙杰克忙的满的充满的饱的作忙