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1、 英语国际音标发音与训练(小升初)英语国际音标发音与训练（小升初）一、英语字母与英语音素：1.英语中有 26 个字母，其中 5 个元音字母：a,e,i,o,u。它们的音标分别是：/ei/,/i:/,/ai/,/,/ju:/。剩下的 21 个字母都是辅音字母。2.英语音素：48 个。元音音素：20 个，辅音音素：28 个。3.元音音素：12 个单元音，8 个双元音。4.单元音：前元音：/i:/I/e/中元音：/:/后元音：/:/u:/:/5.双元音：合口双元音：/eI/I/I/集中双元音：/I/e/6.辅音：英语爆破辅音：/p/b/t/d/k/g/英语摩擦辅音：/f/v/s/z/h/r/英语破擦
2、辅音：/英语鼻音辅音：/m/n/英语舌侧辅音：/l/英语半元音：/w/j/英语辅音连缀：/tr/dr/ts/dz/二、英语音素与练习：（1）元音音素：1.单元音：前元音：/i:/：me,he,be,bee,see,sea,tea,she,tree,three,eat,meat,meet,green,jeans,between,teenager,fifteen,meal,sheep,east,need,feel,peach,each,teach,teacher,meter,sweet,see,week,weak,weekend,read,fever,clean,easy,speech,feed,
3、leave,agree,keep,people,free,speak,season,reason,/I/:in,this,will,his,six,miss,pink,sing,ill,kill,still,ticket,sit,it,bit,pick,sick,did,chick,lip,fish,milk,swim,ship,quick,lip,big,fill,pig,sister,dinner,wind,window,skipping,clinic,thin,rich,busy,wish,dish,finish,little,sing,spring,city,delicious/e/:
4、get,let,pet,desk,yes,chess,next,text,best,met,pen,pencil,bed,west,guest,tennis,egg,red,net,rest,set,test,wet,lend,mend,tell,well,fell,letter,sweater,head,bench,bread,many,ten,seven,end,medicine,help,check,yes,then,menu,never,ever,lesson,very,says,said,/：fat,map,and,land,man,plan,bag,cat,apple,fan,Ja
5、pan,dad,sad,sand,lad,stamp,black,hat,cap,ambulance,angry,have,catch,carry,stand,travel,hand,rabbit,animal,lamp,cabbage,family,dragon,Africa,bank,Saturday,can,candy,camera,act,happy,candle,than,that,thank,glad,matter,bad,happen,handsome,math,taxi,中元音：/：but,come,cut,must,bus,us,up,color,mother,such,un
6、cle,duck,luck,lucky,fun,funny,sun,sunny,love,worry,son,brother,other,another,study,lunch,Sunday,under,umbrella,number,nothing,wonderful,run,running,young,cover,above,money,much,cup,cousin,monkey,Monday,summer,brush,trouble,something,some,just,supper,country,/:/：girl,shirt,bird,skirt,nurse,work,worke
7、r,first,thirteen,third,thirty,dirty,thirsty,worth,birth,birthday,circle,world,her,early,turn,person,Thursday,worm,prefer,certain,temperature,heard,learn,earth,/：teacher,mother,father,sister,brother,farmer,driver,singer,dancer,worker,answer,under,visitor,waiter,writer,bigger,winter,soldier,meter,thea
8、ter,manager,cleaner,ruler,eraser,woman,picture,future,camera,tiger,actor,China,number,after,后元音：/:/：four,for,short,door,floor,more,before,wall,call,all,tall,ball,draw,saw,horse,or,daughter,report,reporter,boring,warm,talk,your,north,forty,sport,autumn,fall,important,bought,thought,ought,because,corn
9、,corner,born,store,score,/：box,dog,doctor,doll,often,lot,top,boss,chopstick,shop,job,sock,office,coffee,got,golf,long,hospital,orange,lost,bottle,crocodile,tomorrow,borrow,cost,hot,on,wash,watch,song,follow,what,stop,fox,frog,wallet,not,sorry,/u:/：too,zoo,room,pool,food,goose,tooth,school,stool,soon
10、,moon,kangaroo,cool,noon,tool,fool,broom,cartoon,choose,shoot,afternoon,juice,blue,noodles,true,truth,fruit,shoes,through,lose,group,do,ruler,two,/：good,cook,took,book,foot,stood,wood,look,wool,classroom,bathroom,bedroom,mushroom,boyhood,woman,put,full,notebook,could,would,should,wolf,sugar,push,oo
11、字母组合发短音的常见 8 个单词：A good cook took a book,his foot stood by the wood and looked.好厨师拿书，脚站树林看。/:/：far,father,glass,grass,garden,car,farm,farmer,large,ask,fast,bath,party,arm,are,star,start,bar,part,heart,dark,last,park,guitar,giraffe,market,card,banana,basket,basketball,class,hard,art,artist,pass,park,
12、laugh,2.双元音：合口双元音：/eI/：table,plate,cake,radio,beefsteak,take,make,same,name,play,great,stay,day,say,today,birthday,may,place,space,eight,wait,waiter,maybe,pain,again,save,way,always,case,gray,afraid,/：go,ago,so,no,nose,home,those,rose,hope,alone,potato,tomato,boat,goat,coat,tomorrow,row,oh,OK,kilo,l
13、onely,know,piano,yellow,grow,bowl,音字母它们的音标分别是剩下的个字母都是辅音字母英语音素个元音音素个辅音音素个元音音素个单元音个双元音单元音前元音中元音后元音双元音合口双元音集中双元音辅音英语爆破辅音英语摩擦辅音英语破擦辅音英语鼻音辅音常见个单词好厨师拿书脚站树林看双元音合口双元音集中双元音辅音音素清辅成对辅音个单个辅音个三开音节与闭音节一开音节分类开音节分两种一种叫绝对开音节一种叫相对开音节绝对开音节单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重音节中的读音绝对开音节以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音即它本身的读音如相对开音节在含有一个元音
14、字母的重读音节中在元音字母后有一个辅音字母除外与一个不发音的字母也是开音节own,show,low,cold,/I/：I,kite,bike,white,five,knife,ice,rice,nice,write,Mike,mice,time,nine,while,eye,sky,pie,lie,die,light,right,night,fly,my,mind,quite,cry,buy,tired,fine,/：house,cow,how,now,down,about,out,mouse,flower,blouse,sound,mountain,count,hour,ground,fou
15、nd,round,brown,crowd,/I/：boy,toy,coin,oil,boil,noise,point,joy,join,enjoy,voice,choice 集中双元音：/I/：ear,deer,dear,here,hear,tear,beer,theater,museum,clear,year,cheer,appear,serious,fear,near,engineer,/e/：pear,pair,air,airport,chair,hair,fair,square,care,careful,there,bear,where,wear,their,theirs,/：poor
16、,sure,tour,tourist,jewel,cruel,Europe,（2）辅音音素：1.清辅成对辅音(20 个)：p-b t-d k-g f-v s-z -ts-dz t-d tr-dr/p/:pen map help cheap pencil paper apple happy appear /b/:bag by bed boy bus blue rabbit cabbage /t/:ten time not get table bottle bottom little pretty watched washed /d/:desk door day dog add daddy mid
17、dle played cleaned climbed answered/k/:cat come cut clock cry picture school Christmas chemistry book bike cake kite Kate look /g/:go girl big get egg bigger biggest guess great glad game golf again glass grass goat God dog goal/f/:five fish fine family fifteen photo phone elephant laugh enough off
18、coffee/v/:very five have of leave voice visit visitor themselves/s/:nice city cycle sit six some bus use us desk books miss class/z/:is his please music lose husband apples leaves thieves knives size exercise prize zoo reason/:three thank month thin thought three throw tooth teeth south north month
19、mouth through/:this the with than breathe though mother father there that these those /:she shoe short shop wash sure Asia special sufficient delicious/:usually television pleasure garage /ts/:shirts hurts coats costs goats Lets kites gates dates pizza /dz/:beds birds hands friends decides/t/:chair
20、much lunch China watch picture question teach teacher rich future each reach/d/:age page huge orange gentle gentleman general 音字母它们的音标分别是剩下的个字母都是辅音字母英语音素个元音音素个辅音音素个元音音素个单元音个双元音单元音前元音中元音后元音双元音合口双元音集中双元音辅音英语爆破辅音英语摩擦辅音英语破擦辅音英语鼻音辅音常见个单词好厨师拿书脚站树林看双元音合口双元音集中双元音辅音音素清辅成对辅音个单个辅音个三开音节与闭音节一开音节分类开音节分两种一种叫绝对开音节一
21、种叫相对开音节绝对开音节单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重音节中的读音绝对开音节以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音即它本身的读音如相对开音节在含有一个元音字母的重读音节中在元音字母后有一个辅音字母除外与一个不发音的字母也是开音节bridge porridge judge jump jacket just June Jim sandwich/tr/:tree trip try true truth train /dr/:dress drive hundred children drink dry draw dream 2.单个辅音（8 个）：/h/:he her h
22、ave hand head hair who whom whose hard home hello/r/:red right three sorry worry hurry carry carrot write wrong /l/:let look please lake people tell full till bell /m/:man meat meet time common communicate climb lamb autumn/n/:name nice nine near under know knife Ann /:sing long young morning thank
23、think ink pink English /w/:we window work walk what why where white/j/:yes you year yellow young onion review million billion Europe 三、开音节与闭音节：一、开音节：1.分类：开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，一种叫相对开音节。绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。例如：no she he we by.相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母 e 构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home excuse lik
24、e.2.元音字母在开音节中的读音：绝对开音节：以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音，即它本身的读音。如：no,he。相对开音节：在含有一个元音字母的重读音节中，在元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r 除外)与一个不发音的字母 e，也是开音节。这个元音字母发它本身的音。可以用辅+元+辅+e 来记住。如：name,fine。3.发音练习：绝对开音节：ta-ble po-ta-to ba-by la-dy A-my na-tion he me we be she se-cret hi Chi-na bi-cycle no so hel-lo go so-fa (do,to 除
25、外）me-nu stu-dent mu-sic u-sually 3.发音练习：相对开音节：name same take late fame race date hate cake gate age wave save table (have 例外）音字母它们的音标分别是剩下的个字母都是辅音字母英语音素个元音音素个辅音音素个元音音素个单元音个双元音单元音前元音中元音后元音双元音合口双元音集中双元音辅音英语爆破辅音英语摩擦辅音英语破擦辅音英语鼻音辅音常见个单词好厨师拿书脚站树林看双元音合口双元音集中双元音辅音音素清辅成对辅音个单个辅音个三开音节与闭音节一开音节分类开音节分两种一种叫绝对开音节一种
26、叫相对开音节绝对开音节单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重音节中的读音绝对开音节以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音即它本身的读音如相对开音节在含有一个元音字母的重读音节中在元音字母后有一个辅音字母除外与一个不发音的字母也是开音节 these Chi-nese Japa-nese theme scene comp-lete fine line mine time kite bike nice rise de-cide nine like ice drive twice wise rose hope nose hope phone home huge use ex-cu
27、se 二、闭音节：含有一个元音字母，并以辅音字母(r,w 除外)结尾的重读音节为闭音节。例：map，desk，is。在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如 apple 划音节就应该是 ap/ple 前面那个 ap 是一个音节以辅音音素结尾就是闭音节。重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音.如:sit-sitting begin-beginning(重读在 gin 这个音节上，相当与把 gin 改成双写 的)put-putting swim-swimming
28、shop-shopping 像 travel 这种重读不在的 vel，可以为 travelled，也可以是 traveled 举两个很经典的例子：forbid-forbidding(重读闭音节，双写)prohibit-prohibiting（重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写）三、元音字母在开音节和闭音节的读音：(1)Aa 1ei a 在开音节中：发字母音，后面有不发音的 e 蛋糕；制造；拿到；蛇；葡萄；日期;凯特；2 a 在闭音节中：黑色的；爸爸；悲伤的；书包；是；萨姆 灯；-）；能；电风扇；男人；和；手；感谢；地图；(2)Ee 1i:e 在开音节中：发字母音 是；她；这些；汉语；2e e
29、 在闭音节中：床；红色的；腿；拼写；母鸡；那么；什么时候；钢笔；十；(3)Ii 1.ai i 在开音节中：发字母音 喂；I 我；冰；好的；-旁边；自行车；（身体）好；九；白色的；写；风筝；五；驾驶 音字母它们的音标分别是剩下的个字母都是辅音字母英语音素个元音音素个辅音音素个元音音素个单元音个双元音单元音前元音中元音后元音双元音合口双元音集中双元音辅音英语爆破辅音英语摩擦辅音英语破擦辅音英语鼻音辅音常见个单词好厨师拿书脚站树林看双元音合口双元音集中双元音辅音音素清辅成对辅音个单个辅音个三开音节与闭音节一开音节分类开音节分两种一种叫绝对开音节一种叫相对开音节绝对开音节单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的
30、重音节中的读音绝对开音节以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音即它本身的读音如相对开音节在含有一个元音字母的重读音节中在元音字母后有一个辅音字母除外与一个不发音的字母也是开音节2i i 在闭音节中：哪一个；小鸡；病的；大的；猪；牛奶；他；游泳；在-里面；开始；唱歌；粉红色；喝；轮船；是；他的；这个；鱼；(4)Oo 1.u o 在开音节中：发字母音 不；这样，这么；那些；关闭；鼻子；家绳子 2 o 在闭音节中；钟；狗；在-上面；长的；歌曲；商店；停止；热的；不；驴双脚跳 3.o 妈妈哥哥，弟弟来一些其他的 胃，肚子星期一(5)Uu 1.ju:u 在开音节中：发字母音
31、原谅；使用；2 u 在闭音节中：很；jump 跳；跑；太阳；向上；小茶杯；但是公交车；雨伞百；剪，切；妈妈；在下面；在n 数字；understand 理解 音字母它们的音标分别是剩下的个字母都是辅音字母英语音素个元音音素个辅音音素个元音音素个单元音个双元音单元音前元音中元音后元音双元音合口双元音集中双元音辅音英语爆破辅音英语摩擦辅音英语破擦辅音英语鼻音辅音常见个单词好厨师拿书脚站树林看双元音合口双元音集中双元音辅音音素清辅成对辅音个单个辅音个三开音节与闭音节一开音节分类开音节分两种一种叫绝对开音节一种叫相对开音节绝对开音节单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重音节中的读音绝对开音节以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音即它本身的读音如相对开音节在含有一个元音字母的重读音节中在元音字母后有一个辅音字母除外与一个不发音的字母也是开音节