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1、 1 英语寒假补课第 七 课时 （7）宾语从句考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师精讲】一.宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由 that 引导的宾语从句。that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said(that)he wanted to stay at home.I am sure(that)he will succeed.2.由连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词 when,where,why,how引导的宾语
2、从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3.由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if(whether)he lives there.He asked me whether(if)I could help him.二.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。主句+引导词+主语+谓语（动词）+其他 例如：I hear(tha
3、t)physics isnt easy.I think(that)you will like this school soon.三.宾语从句的时态 1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。I dont think(that)you ar e right.Please tell us where he is now.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般现在时一般过去时，现在进行时过去进行时，一般将来时过去将来时，现在完成时过去完成时，一
4、般过去时过去完成时）。例如：He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth moves around the sun.四、直接引语和间接引语：（实际上是改为宾语从句）1、直接引语和间接引语：在陈述句中,直接
5、引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。2、直接引语改变为间接引语：、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点：2 this these now ago today this week(month,etc.)next week(month,etc.)yesterday last night tomorrow here that those then before that day that week(month,etc.)the next week(month,etc.)the day before the
6、 night before the next(following)day there 不用引号,而用连接词 that,但有时可省略。人称作相应变化；如果主句是现在时，则时态不需要发生任何变化，主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变。直接引语(Direct speech)间接引语(Reported speech)一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 如：He says,I am not from the USA.”He says that he is not from the USA.Mr Sm
7、ith said to me,“I haven t seen Tom for a long time.”Mr Smith told me that he had not seen Tom for a long time.、直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词 whether 或 if 引导,语序要改变。如：Lin Tao said to Miss Green,Is it made in China?”Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China.、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用疑问词引导,语序是：连词+主语
8、+谓语。如：Lucy said to me,“How can I help?”Lucy asked me how she could help.、直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前用 tell,ask,order.如：He said to the little boy,“Come here,young man!”He asked the little boy to go there.、直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态,指示代词以及表示时间和地点的词或词组应作相应变化：在直接引语中 在间接引语中 【中考范例】()1.(2004 年北京市中考试题
9、)Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A.where does she live B.Where she lives C.where did she live D.where she lived()2.(2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题)Would you please tell me _?A.when did he come home B.where he would play football C.if he had seen the film D.why he didnt watch the game()3.(2004 年哈尔滨市中考试题)I dont
10、know when _.中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语或形容词的宾语根据引导宾语从句的不同连词宾语从句可分为三类由引导的宾语从句只有语法作用没有实在的意义在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这些连语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序主句引导词主语谓语动词其他例如三宾语从句的时态如果主句的时态是一般现在时宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态如果主句的时态是一般过去时宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态一般现在时宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理其时态常用一般现在时例如直接引语和间接引语实际上是改为宾语从句直接引语和间接引语在陈述句中直接引用说话人原来的语句称为直接引语在书写时直接引语用引
11、号用自己的词语来转述表达原来说 3 A.will the train leave B.the train will leave C.would the train leave D.the train leave()4.(2004 年常州市中考试题)-We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Sweden.A.what he is B.if he lives here C.where he comes from D.which country is he from【满分演练】一.单项填空()1.Do you know _ during the
12、coming summer holiday?A.what will Tom do B.what did Tom do C.what Tom will do D.what Tom did()2.I want to know_.A.what is his name B.whats his name C.that his name is D.what his name is()3.Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A.that B.whether C.what D.which()4.Jim doesnt understand _.A.which is the w
13、ay to the museum B.why his wife always goes shopping C.what is the way to the museum D.why does she always go shopping()5.-Could you tell me _ she is looking for?A.that B.whose C.who D.which()6.Mr.King didnt know _ yesterday evening.A.when does his son come home B.when his son comes home C.when did
14、his son come home D.when his son came home()7.Could you tell me _ the bike this morning?A.how does he mend B.how he mends C.how he mended D.how did he mend()8.-Im waiting for the mail.Do you know _ _ it will arrive?-Usually it comes by 4:00.A.how B.where C.when D.what()9.-Excuse me,would you please
15、tell me _?-Certainly.Go straight along here.Its next to a hospital.A.how we can get to the post office B.how can we get to the post office C.how get to the post office D.how could we get to the post office()10.-Can I help you?-Yes.Id like a ticket to Mount Emei.Can you tell me _ take to get there?A.
16、how soon will it B.how soon it will C.how long it will D.how long will it()11.He wanted to know _.A.whether he speaks at the meeting B.when the meeting would start C.what hes going to do at the meeting D.where would the meeting be held ()12.-Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden?-The day after tomor
17、row,I think.A.when will you visit B.when you will visit C.when would you visit D.when you would visit()13.Would you please tell me _ next,Mr Wang?A.what should we do B.we should do what C.what we should do D.should we do what()14.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.
18、how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited 中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语或形容词的宾语根据引导宾语从句的不同连词宾语从句可分为三类由引导的宾语从句只有语法作用没有实在的意义在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这些连语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序主句引导词主语谓语动词其他例如三宾语从句的时态如果主句的时态是一般现在时宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态如果主句的时态是一般过去时宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态一般现在时宾语从句
19、所陈述的是客观真理其时态常用一般现在时例如直接引语和间接引语实际上是改为宾语从句直接引语和间接引语在陈述句中直接引用说话人原来的语句称为直接引语在书写时直接引语用引号用自己的词语来转述表达原来说 4()15.I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.A.that B.when C.where D.whether()16.-Could you tell me _?-Sorry,I dont know.I was not at the meeting.A.what does he say at the meeting B.what d
20、id he say at the meeting C.what he says at the meeting D.what he said at the meeting()17.-Could you tell me _ last night?-Er,I was watching Euro 2004 at home.A.what you were doing B.what were you doing C.what you are doing D.what are you doing()18.The teacher asked the students _.A.if they were inte
21、rested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted()19.Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken.A.they had had B.have they had C.they have had D.had they had()20.Its up to you to decide _ youll go the
22、re,by air or by road.A.how B.why C.that D.when 二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子 1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。Li Ming says _ _ interested in playing computer games.2.我认为玛丽不回来了。I dont think Mary _ _ _.3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？Could you tell me _ I can get to the Bell Tower?5.父亲说他买了一台新电脑
23、。Father said that he _ _ a new computer.6.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.7.你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？Do you know _ _ a double room _?8.请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？Could you tell me _ _ _ were going to be away?9.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Uncle said that he _ _ a new novel.10.杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jack said he _ som
24、ething important to do.（8）状语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语或形容词的宾语根据引导宾语从句的不同连词宾语从句可分为三类由引导的宾语从句只有语法作用没有实在的意义在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这些连语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序主句引导词主语谓语动词其他例如三宾语从句的时态如果主句的时态是一般现在时宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态如果主句的时态是一般过去时宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态一般现在时宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理其时态常用一般现在时例如直接引语和间接引语实际上是改为宾语从句直接引语和间接
25、引语在陈述句中直接引用说话人原来的语句称为直接引语在书写时直接引语用引号用自己的词语来转述表达原来说 5 用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用 when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing h
26、is homework,the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake,he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school,he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，主句用将来时态，从句用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everyt
27、hing when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。nottill/until其含义是“直到才”,“在以前不”。例如：Lets wait until/till the rain stops.We wont start until Bob comes.2.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由 if 引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows
28、tomorrow?(2)在条件状语从句里，通常主句用将来时，从句用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up,or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up,youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard,you will pass the exam.3.原因状语从句(1)
29、原因状语从句通常由 because,since,as 引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining,we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question,Ill ask someone else.(2)because 表示直接原因，语气最强。because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由 why 提出的问题，只能用 because。As 和 since 语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由 as 和 since 引导的原因状语从居多放在
30、句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car,he cant get there easily.Since we have no money,we cant buy it.(3)because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里。4.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由 sothat,suchthat,so that 引导。例如：中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语或形容词的宾语根据引导宾语从句的不同连词宾语从句可分为三类由引导的宾语从句只有语法作用没有实在的意义在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如由连接代词和连接副词
31、引导的宾语从句这些连语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序主句引导词主语谓语动词其他例如三宾语从句的时态如果主句的时态是一般现在时宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态如果主句的时态是一般过去时宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态一般现在时宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理其时态常用一般现在时例如直接引语和间接引语实际上是改为宾语从句直接引语和间接引语在陈述句中直接引用说话人原来的语句称为直接引语在书写时直接引语用引号用自己的词语来转述表达原来说 6 He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that eve
32、rybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat 与 such.that 可以互换。a.在由 so.that.引导的结果状语从句中，so 是与副词、形容词连用。其结构是:“.so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.b.在由 suchthat.引导的结果状语从句中，such 后修饰的可以是单数或复数
33、可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词 a 或 an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.c.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all
34、of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由 many,much,little,few 等表示数量的词修饰时，只能用 so,不用 such。例如：Soon there were so many cats that they ate up all the fish.He has so little time that he cant go
35、 to the cinema with you.5.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that 引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.(2)so that 可引导目的状语从句，目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can,could,may,might 等。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you.(目的状语从句)6.比较状语从句 比
36、较状语从句通常由 asas,比较级+than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.7.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由 although,though 等连词引导。例如：Though he is young,he knows a lot.Although I am tired,I must go on working.(2)although(though)和 but 不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Though it was raining hard,but he s
37、till went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard,he still went out.或 It was raining hard,but he still went out.8.地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由 where 来引导。例如：Go where you like.【实例解析】中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语或形容词的宾语根据引导宾语从句的不同连词宾语从句可分为三类由引导的宾语从句只有语法作用没有实在的意义在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这些连语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序主句引导词主语谓语动词其他例如三宾语从
38、句的时态如果主句的时态是一般现在时宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态如果主句的时态是一般过去时宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态一般现在时宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理其时态常用一般现在时例如直接引语和间接引语实际上是改为宾语从句直接引语和间接引语在陈述句中直接引用说话人原来的语句称为直接引语在书写时直接引语用引号用自己的词语来转述表达原来说 7()1.(2004 年海淀区中考试题)You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise,such as running and walking.A.if B.how C.before D.where()2.(2004 年江西
39、省中考试题)-Shall we go on working?-Yes,_ I prefer to have a rest.A.when B.if C.because D.though()3.(2004 年徐州市中考试题)None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it.A.when B.until C.after D.though()4.(2004 年泉州市中考试题)-I hope youll enjoy your trip,dear!-Thank you,mum.Ill give you a call _ I get ther
40、e.A.until B.as soon as C.since D.till【中考演练】一.单项填空()1._ hes old,he can still carry this heavy bag.A.Though B.Since C.For D.So()2.-Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us?-I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A.comes;is B.comes;will be C.will come;is D.will come;will be()3.In the zoo if
41、a chil d _ into the water and cant swim,the dolphins may come up _ him.A.will fall;to help B.falls;to help C.will fall;help D.falls;helping()4.I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young.A.what B.which C.where D.who()5.We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow.A.comes B.c
42、ome C.will come D.is coming()6.The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green.A.not;before B.dont;when C.not to;until D.not;after()7.I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike.A.when B.that C.until D.because()8.Ill go swimming with you
43、 if I _ free tomorrow.A.will be B.shall be C.am D.was()9.In the exam,the _ you are,_ the _ mistakes you will make.A.careful;little B.more careful;fewest C.more careful;fewer D.more careful;less()10.You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play.A.before B.after C.when D.while()11.I hurried _ I
44、wouldnt be late for class.A.since B.so that C.as if D.unless()12.When you read the book,youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A.which B.that C.where D.though()13.The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him.A.for B.so that C.because D.in order()14.He took off his coat _
45、he felt hot.中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语或形容词的宾语根据引导宾语从句的不同连词宾语从句可分为三类由引导的宾语从句只有语法作用没有实在的意义在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这些连语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序主句引导词主语谓语动词其他例如三宾语从句的时态如果主句的时态是一般现在时宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态如果主句的时态是一般过去时宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态一般现在时宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理其时态常用一般现在时例如直接引语和间接引语实际上是改为宾语从句直接引语和间接引语在陈述句中直接引用说话人原来的语句称为直接引语在书写时直接引语用引
46、号用自己的词语来转述表达原来说 8 A.because B.as C.if D.since()15.It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk.A.a lovely day B.too lovely a day C.so lovely a day D.such lovely a day()16.Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.A.such B.so C.too D.very()17._ I felt very tired,I tried to finish
47、 the work.A.Although B.Because C.As D.As if()18._ the day went on,the weather got worse.A.With B.Since C.While D.As()19.Write to me as soon as you _ to Beijing.A.will get B.get C.getting D.got 二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子 1.李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _.2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。Mrs Bruce
48、 was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai.5.这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。The _ girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has kept _
49、 for two years.6.虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。_ _ _ _,she kept on _ English _ _.7.他长大后相当一名记者。He wants to be a journalist _ _ _ _.8.如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。_ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment,the world will become _ _ beautiful.中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语或形容词的宾语根据引导宾语从句的不同连词宾语从句可分为三类由引导的宾语从句只有语法作用没有实在的意义在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这些连语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序主句引导词主语谓语动词其他例如三宾语从句的时态如果主句的时态是一般现在时宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态如果主句的时态是一般过去时宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态一般现在时宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理其时态常用一般现在时例如直接引语和间接引语实际上是改为宾语从句直接引语和间接引语在陈述句中直接引用说话人原来的语句称为直接引语在书写时直接引语用引号用自己的词语来转述表达原来说