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1、英语专业八级 1.abide by(=be faithful to obey)忠于；遵守。2.be absent from.缺席，不在 3.absence or mind(=being absent-minded)心不在焉 4.absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于近:be engrossed in be lost in be rapt in be concentrated on be focused on be centered on 5.(be)abundant in(be rich in;be
2、well supplied with)富于,富有 6.access(to)(不可数名词)能接近,进入,了解 7.by accident(=by chance,accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely)安全地,8.of ones own accord(=without being asked;willingly;freely)自愿地,主动地 9.in accord with 与一致/out of ones accord with 同.不一致 10.with one accord(=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11.in
3、accordance with(=in agreement with)依照,根据 12.on ones own account 1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益 2)(=at ones own risk)自行负责 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账;on account of 因为;on no account 不论什么原因也不;of account 有重要性 13.takeinto account(=consider)把.考虑进去 14.give sb.an account of 说明,解释(理由)15.account for(=give an expla
4、nation or reason for)解释,说明.16.on account of(=because of)由于,因为.17.on no account(=in no case,for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18.accuseof(=chargewith;blame sb.for sth.blame sth.on plain about)指控,控告 19.be accustomed to(=be in the habit of,be used to)习惯于.20.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of)了解;
5、(=to have met socially)熟悉 21.act on 奉行,按照行动;act as 扮演;act for 代理 22.adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)使自己适应于 23.adapt(for)(=make sth.Suitable for a new need)改编,改写(以适应新的需要)24.in addition(=besides)此外,又,加之 25.in addition to(=as well as,besides,other than)除外 26.adhere to(=abide by,conform to,comply wi
6、th,cling to,insist on,persist in,observe,opinion,belief)粘附;坚持,遵循 27.adjacent(=next to,close to)毗邻的,临近的 28.adjust.(to)(=change slightly)调节;适应;29.admit of(=be capable of,leave room for)的可能，留有的余地.-欢迎下载 2 30.in advance(before in time)预告,事先.31.to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32.have an advantage over 胜过.have t
7、he advantage of 由于处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 33.take advantage of(=make the best of,utilize,make use of,profit from,harness)利用.34.agree with 赞同(某人意见)agree to 同意 35.in agreement(with)同意,一致 36.ahead of 在之前,超过 ahead of time 提前.37.in the air 1)不肯定,不具体.2)在谣传中.38.above all(=especially,most
8、important of all)尤其是,最重要的.39.in all(=counting everyone or everything,altogether)总共,总计 40.after all 毕竟,到底;(not)at all 一点也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然;once and for all 只此一次;above all 最重要的;first of all 首先;all in all 大体上说;be all in 累极了;all but 几乎.41.allow for(=take into consideration,take into account)考虑到
9、,估计到.42.amount to(=to be equal to)总计,等于.43.answer for(undertake responsibility for,be liable for,take charge for)对负责.44.answer to(=conform to)适合,符合.45.be anxious about 为焦急不安;或 anxious for 46.apologize to sb.for sth.为向道歉 47.appeal to sb.for sth.为某事向某人呼吁.appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力 48.apply to sb.for sth.为向申
10、请;apply for 申请;apply to 适用.49.apply to 与有关;适用 50.approve of(=consent to,be in favor of,favor,agree to,consider good,right)赞成,approve vt.批准 51.arise from(=be caused by)由引起.52.arrange for sb./sth.to do sth.安排做 53.arrive on 到达;arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;arrive in 到达某地(大地方);54.be ashamed of(=feel shame,g
11、uilt or sorrow because of sth.done)以为羞耻 55.assure sb.of sth.(=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.)向保证,使确信.56.attach(to)(=to fix,fasten;join)缚,系结 57.make an attempt at doing sth.(to do sth.)试图做 58.attend to(=give ones attention,care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon,serve,look after)侍
12、候,照料 59.attitude to/toward 对的态度.看法 60.attributeto(=to believe sth.to be the result of)把.归因于.,认为.是.的结果 61.on the average(=on average,on an average)平均 62.(be)aware of(=be conscious of,having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.63.at the back of(=behind)在后面 64.in the back of 在后部(里面);on the back of 在后部(外面
13、);be on ones 解偶然地意外安全地自愿地主动地与一致同不一致一致地依照根据为了某人的缘故为了某人自己的利益自行负责依靠自己赊账因为不论什么原因也不有重要性把考虑进去说明解释理由解释说明由于因为绝不要无论如何不要放句首时粘附坚持遵循毗邻的临近的调节适应的可能留有的余地预告事先有利的使优点更加突出地胜过由于处于有利条件知道某人所不知道的事利用赞同某人意见同意同意一致在之前超过提前不肯定不具体在谣传中尤其是最重要的总共总计不安或为向道歉为某事向某人呼吁对某人有吸引力为向申请申请适用与有关适用批准由引起安排做到达到达某地小地方得出作出到达某地大地方以为羞耻向保证使确信缚系结试做注意照顾侍候照
14、料对的态度看法把归因于认为是的结-欢迎下载 3 back(=be ill in bed)卧病不起.65.at ones back(=supporting or favoring sb.)支持,维护;have sb.at ones back 有支持,有作后台 66.turn ones back on sb.(=turn away from sb.in an impolite way)不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃 67.behind ones back 背着某人(说坏话)68.be based on/upon 基于 69.on the basis of 根据,在基础上 70.beatat 在运动项目
15、上打赢 71.begin with 以开始.to begin with(=first of all)首先,第一(经常用于开始语)72.on behalf of(=as the representative of)以名义 73.believe in(=have faith or trust in;consider sth./sb.to be true)相信,依赖,信仰.74.benefit(from)受益,得到好处.75.for the benefit of 为了的利益(好处)76.for the better 好转 77.get the better of(=defeat sb.)打败,胜过.
16、78.by birth 在出生上,论出身按血统 at birth 在出生时;give birth to 出生 79.blame sb.for sth.因责备某人.blame sth.on sb.把推在某人身上 80.in blossom 开花(指树木)be in blossom 开花(强调状态)come into blossom开花(强调动作)81.on board 到船上,在船上,上火车或飞机 82.boast of(or about)吹嘘 83.out of breath 喘不过气来 84.in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之 85.in bu
17、lk 成批地,不散装的 86.take the floor 起立发言 87.on business 出差办事.88.be busy with sth.于某事。be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 89.last but one 倒数第二 90.but for(=without)要不是.表示假设 91.buy sth.fo rmoney 用多少钱买 92.be capable of 能够,有能力 be capable of being+过去分词 是能够被的 93.in any case(=for love or money,at any rate,at any price,at any
18、 cost,whatever happens;anyhow)无论如何 94.in case(=for fear that)万一;95.in case of(=in the event of)如果发生万一 in the case of 至于,就而言 96.in no case 在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)97.be cautious of 谨防 98.center ones attention on(=focus ones attention on)把某人的注意力集中在上 99.be certain of(=be sure of)有把握,一定.100.for certain of(=for
19、sure)肯定地,有把握地 解偶然地意外安全地自愿地主动地与一致同不一致一致地依照根据为了某人的缘故为了某人自己的利益自行负责依靠自己赊账因为不论什么原因也不有重要性把考虑进去说明解释理由解释说明由于因为绝不要无论如何不要放句首时粘附坚持遵循毗邻的临近的调节适应的可能留有的余地预告事先有利的使优点更加突出地胜过由于处于有利条件知道某人所不知道的事利用赞同某人意见同意同意一致在之前超过提前不肯定不具体在谣传中尤其是最重要的总共总计不安或为向道歉为某事向某人呼吁对某人有吸引力为向申请申请适用与有关适用批准由引起安排做到达到达某地小地方得出作出到达某地大地方以为羞耻向保证使确信缚系结试做注意照顾侍候
20、照料对的态度看法把归因于认为是的结-欢迎下载 4 人文知识 1.A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2.Phonology:The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.音位学;在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学,音系学 3.Syntax:
21、The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科 4.Semantics:The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学 5.acronym:首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO,UNESCO,BASIC,它们可以连拼，但 VOA是 Initi
22、alism。6.Metonymy:A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated,as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美=或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个“红领巾”也是，以红领巾指
23、代少先队员。7.Simile:A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared,often in a phrase introduced by like or as,as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life(Shakespeare).明喻,一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较，通常在由 like 或 as 引导的短语中，如“我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对
24、我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”（莎士比亚）8.Metaphor:A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another,thus making an implicit comparison,as in a sea of troubles or All the worlds a stage(Shakespeare)隐喻一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示它们之间的相似之处，如“忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏
25、”(莎士比亚)the ship of desert 沙漠之舟 9.Oxymoron:A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined,as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.矛盾修饰法,一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如在 震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观cruel kindness 10.The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliam
26、ent,Westminster is Big Ben.11.John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eves expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost.Paradise Regained was also written by him.12.Sonnet:A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.十四行诗体,一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式,莎士比亚用过此诗体。13
27、.Slang:A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech,made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in 解偶然地意外安全地自愿地主动地与一致同不一致一致地依照根据为了某人的缘故为了某人自己的利益自行负责依靠自己赊账因为不论什么原因也不有重要性把考虑进去说明解释理由解释说明由于因为绝不要无论如何不要放句首时粘附坚持遵循毗邻的临近的调节适应的可能留有的余地预告事先有利的使
28、优点更加突出地胜过由于处于有利条件知道某人所不知道的事利用赞同某人意见同意同意一致在之前超过提前不肯定不具体在谣传中尤其是最重要的总共总计不安或为向道歉为某事向某人呼吁对某人有吸引力为向申请申请适用与有关适用批准由引起安排做到达到达某地小地方得出作出到达某地大地方以为羞耻向保证使确信缚系结试做注意照顾侍候照料对的态度看法把归因于认为是的结-欢迎下载 5 place of standard terms for added raciness,humor,irreverence,or other effect.俚语主要出现在非正式的、游戏性的话语中的一种语言，基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成，它
29、们被故意地用来取代标准的词语以达到生动、幽默、无礼或其它效果 14.Catch Phrase:A phrase in wide or popular use,especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement.警句，妙句，吸引人的词句广泛使用的或流行的用语，尤指用作集团或运动的口号的用语。15.Jargon:The specialized or technical language of a trade,profession,or similar group.行话,一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言.termi
30、nology 16.Platitude:A trite or banal remark or statement,especially one expressed as if it were original or significant.陈腔滥调,陈腐的或平庸的评论或陈述，尤指某人表述它时好象它是新颖的或有意义的 17.Hyperbole:A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect,as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton
31、.夸张法,一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果，比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重 18.onomatopoeia:The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.象声词,词的构成或用法，例如buzz 或 nurmur 模仿事物或行动的声音.19.hypotaxis:从属关系 20.parataxis:并列结构，指短语或分句间不用连词，如：I came,I saw,I conquered
32、.21.Transcendentalism:A literary and philosophical movement,associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller,asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.超验主义,一种文学和哲学运动，与拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生和玛格丽特富勒有关，宣称存在一种理想的精神实体，超越
33、于经验和科学之处，通过直觉得以把握 22.Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter.美国 23.Morphology:The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language,including inflection,derivation,and the formation of compounds.词法，词态学，形态音位学,语言或某一语言中对于单词的结构和形式的研究，包括词尾变化、派生和合成词的构成 24.affricate:A complex speech s
34、ound consisting of a stop consonant辅音 followed by a fricative 摩擦;for example,the initial sounds of child and joy.塞擦音由闭塞音伴随着摩擦音而形成的复杂的语音；例如 child 和 joy 的第一个音 Also called:affricative.25.Vanity Fair 名利场 was written William Makepeace Thackray 26.Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon.Ed
35、win Aldrin,Michael Collins 尼尔阿姆斯特朗、埃德温奥尔德林、迈克尔柯林斯 27.The title of the national anthem 国歌of Canada is O Canada.此种类型题同学们可自己多找几个国家。28.Henry David Thoreaus work,Walden,has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.解偶然地意外安全地自愿地主动地与一致同不一致一致地依照根据为了某人的缘故为了某人自己的利益自行负责依靠自己赊账因为不论什么
36、原因也不有重要性把考虑进去说明解释理由解释说明由于因为绝不要无论如何不要放句首时粘附坚持遵循毗邻的临近的调节适应的可能留有的余地预告事先有利的使优点更加突出地胜过由于处于有利条件知道某人所不知道的事利用赞同某人意见同意同意一致在之前超过提前不肯定不具体在谣传中尤其是最重要的总共总计不安或为向道歉为某事向某人呼吁对某人有吸引力为向申请申请适用与有关适用批准由引起安排做到达到达某地小地方得出作出到达某地大地方以为羞耻向保证使确信缚系结试做注意照顾侍候照料对的态度看法把归因于认为是的结-欢迎下载 6 29.etymology:the history of a word.词源学 30.The domi
37、nant accent in the United States is General American.除纽约市、南方、新英格兰 31.John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披头士或甲壳虫乐队 in the 1960s.32.In Gullivers Travels 格列佛游记,Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the worlds most perfect society.有理智和人性的马Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.33.C
38、eoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.34.morpheme:A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word,such as man,or a word element,such as -ed in walked,that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.词素,一种含有一个单词的有意义的语言单位，如-ed在单词 walked 中，不能被划分为更小的意义单位 35.The name of the f
39、amous stadium 露天体育场 in the north of London is Wembley.36.Wimbledon 温布尔登英国英格兰东南部城市(位于伦敦附近,是著名的国际网球比赛地)37.Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe 食谱,originating from Yorkshire,a county in the north of England.烤面拖牛肉，面拖烤香肠 38.Boycott:To act together in abstaining from using,buying,or dealing wi
40、th as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（强制）.联合抵制,联合起来拒绝使用、购买或经销以示抗议、不满或作为强制的手段 39.Segregation:The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races,as in schools,housing,and industry,especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a pr
41、edominantly white society.种族隔离,强制实行种族的社会分离政策及实践，如在学校、居住和工业中，尤指在白人居多的社会中实行有色人种歧视的政策 40.Apartheid:An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa,involving political,legal,and economic discrimination against nonwhites.种族隔离制,南非共和国实行的一种官方的种族隔离政策，包括在政治、法律和经济诸方面对非白色人种的歧视
42、.41.Integration:The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association,as in society or an organization;desegregation.种族或宗教融合,在社会或组织中，使不同的种族或宗教派别的人处于无限制的平等的关系中；取消种族隔离 42.The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.43.Sir Thomas More coined th
43、e word“Utopia”,it means nowhere land in Greek.44.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.45.Phoneme:any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素,语言中最小的语音单位，如英语里 mat 中的 m 和 bat 中的 b 解偶然地意外安全地自
44、愿地主动地与一致同不一致一致地依照根据为了某人的缘故为了某人自己的利益自行负责依靠自己赊账因为不论什么原因也不有重要性把考虑进去说明解释理由解释说明由于因为绝不要无论如何不要放句首时粘附坚持遵循毗邻的临近的调节适应的可能留有的余地预告事先有利的使优点更加突出地胜过由于处于有利条件知道某人所不知道的事利用赞同某人意见同意同意一致在之前超过提前不肯定不具体在谣传中尤其是最重要的总共总计不安或为向道歉为某事向某人呼吁对某人有吸引力为向申请申请适用与有关适用批准由引起安排做到达到达某地小地方得出作出到达某地大地方以为羞耻向保证使确信缚系结试做注意照顾侍候照料对的态度看法把归因于认为是的结-欢迎下载 7
45、 46.polysemy:一词多义 47.patron saint：保护圣徒守护神 48.Parentese:父母语 49.back formation:逆构词脱落一词的词缀以构成新词 typewriter typewrite 50.allomorph:Any of the variant forms of a morpheme.For example,the phonetic s Of cats,z of dogs,and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme.语素变体:语素的
46、一种变体形式，如语音学的中之 s 在 cats 中，z 在 dogs 中，和iz 在 horses 中，还有 en 在 oxen 中都是英语复数语素的语素变体 听力新闻词汇 政治新闻常用词汇 absolute majority 绝对多数 ad hoc committee 特别委员会 advisory body 咨询机构 anti-establishment 反政府情绪 all-embracing agreement 包罗万象的协定 arbitration 调停 bipartisan diplomacy 两党一致的对外政策 carrot-and-stick 威胁利诱政策 deadlock 僵局
47、shoe-string majority 微弱多数 embargo 禁运 summit conference 首脑会议 abstain from voting 弃权 air of tension 紧张气氛 administrative authorities行政当局 amendment 修正案 apartheid 种族隔离 bare majority 勉强过半数 briefing meeting 简要新闻发布会 nonaligned country 不结盟国家 congressional hearing(美国)国会意见听证会 diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权 shuttle
48、diplomacy 穿梭外交 经贸新闻常用词汇 解偶然地意外安全地自愿地主动地与一致同不一致一致地依照根据为了某人的缘故为了某人自己的利益自行负责依靠自己赊账因为不论什么原因也不有重要性把考虑进去说明解释理由解释说明由于因为绝不要无论如何不要放句首时粘附坚持遵循毗邻的临近的调节适应的可能留有的余地预告事先有利的使优点更加突出地胜过由于处于有利条件知道某人所不知道的事利用赞同某人意见同意同意一致在之前超过提前不肯定不具体在谣传中尤其是最重要的总共总计不安或为向道歉为某事向某人呼吁对某人有吸引力为向申请申请适用与有关适用批准由引起安排做到达到达某地小地方得出作出到达某地大地方以为羞耻向保证使确信缚
49、系结试做注意照顾侍候照料对的态度看法把归因于认为是的结-欢迎下载 8 accumulated deficit 累计赤字 active trade balance 贸易顺差 business slump 生意萧条 dull market 萧条的市场 economic takeoff 经济起飞 broker 经纪人 reciprocal trade agreement 互惠贸易政笼 dividend 红利 wholesale dealer 批发商 economic recession 经济衰退 gold standard 金本位 devaluation 贬值 American Selling Pr
50、ice 美国销售价格 retailer 零售商 price index 物价指数 deficiency 亏损 across-the-board tariff cut talks 全面削减关税会谈 demand and supply balance 供求平衡 gold reserve 黄金储备 price-curbing policy抑制物价政策 tycoon 巨头 petrodollar 石油美元 non-confidence motion 不信任案 stalled peace talks 陷入僵局的和谈 adverse trade balance 贸易逆差 economic sanction