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1、2015年考研英语(二)真题解析+答案Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with or even looking at a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems
2、 to agree by the way they cling to the phones, even without a _1_ on a subway.Its a sad reality our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings because theres _2_ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldnt know it, _3_ into your phone. This universal protectio
3、n sends the _4_:”Please dont approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide _5_ our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be _6_ as “weird.” We fear well be _7_. We fear well be disru
4、ptive.Strangers are inherently_8_to us, so we are more likely to feel_9_when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we_ 10_ to our phones.” Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says.” They are our happy glasses that protect us from wha
5、t we perceive is going to be more _11_”But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesnt _12_so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a _13_. They had Chicago tra
6、in commuters talk to their fellow _14_.”When Dr. Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to _15_how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their _16_ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the pa
7、rticipants didnt expect a positive experience, after they _17_with the experiment,” not a single person reported having been embarrassed”_18_, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, whichmakes absolute sense, _19_human beings thrive off of social con
8、nections. Its that _20_: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.选项及答案：1.Asignal Bpermit CticketDrecord2. Anothing Blittle CanotherDmuch3. AbeatenBguidedCpluggedDbrought4. AsignBcode CnoticeDmessage5. AunderBbehindCbeyond Dfrom6. Amisapplied Bmismatched CmisadjustedDmisinterpreted7. Areplac
9、ed BfiredCjudgedDdelayed8. AunreasonableBungrateful CunconventionalDunfamiliar9. Acomfortable BconfidentCanxiousDangry10. AattendBpoint CtakeDturn11.AdangerousBmysterious Cviolent Dboring12.AhurtBresist Cbend Ddecay13. AlectureBconversationCdebate Dnegotiation14.ApassengersBemployees Cresearchers Dt
10、rainees15. Areveal BchooseCpredictDdesign16. AvoyageBrideCwalk Dflight17.Awent throughBdid away Ccaught up Dput up18. AIn turnBIn factCIn particular DIn consequence19. AunlessBsinceCif Dwhereas20. Afunny BlogicalCsimpleDrarepage原文及答案：While the subways arrival may be ambiguous, one thing about your c
11、ommute is certain: No one wants to talk to each other. In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with - or even looking at - a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 signal underground.Its a sad
12、reality - our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings - because theres 2 much to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldnt know it,3 plugged into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 message: Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we n
13、eed to hide 5 behind our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach and author of Hijacked by Your Brain: How to Free Yourself When Stress Takes Over. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 misinterpreted as creepy, he told The Huffington
14、 Post. We fear well be 7 judged. We fear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently8 unfamiliar to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 anxious when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 turn to our phones. Phones become our security blanke
15、t, Wortmann says. They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 dangerous.But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesnt12 hurt so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schr
16、oeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 conversation. The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow14 passengers. When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15 predict how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thoug
17、ht their16 ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own, the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they17 went through with the experiment, not a single person reported having been snubbed.18 In fact, these commutes were reportedly more
18、enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 since human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 simple: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected. The train ride is a fortuity for social connection - the stuff of life, Wortmann says. Even seem
19、ingly trivial interactions can boost mood and increase the sense of belonging. A study similar in hypothesis to Eply and Schroders published in Social Psychological & Personality Science asked participants to smile, make eye contact and chatwith their cashier. Those who engaged with the cashier expe
20、rienced better moods - and even reported a better shopping experience than those who avoided superfluous conversation.分析：文章节选自2014.5.16 赫芬顿邮报，难度与2014/2013持平，明显比模考时的文章容易。选项ABCD各出现五次。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by
21、 choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home that at work. Researchers measured peoples cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at word and while they were at h
22、ome and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work that at home, writer one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes
23、.It is men, not women, who report being happier at home that at work. Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesnt measure is whether people
24、are still doing work when theyre at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch
25、-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women its not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed
26、 to be doing to be doing: wording, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the
27、household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into is, of if theyre teenagers, thr
28、eatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, theyre teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, theyre your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. N
29、ot only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_.A offered greater relaxation than the workplaceB was an ideal place for stress measurementC generated more stress than the workplaceD was an unre
30、alistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?A Childless wivesB working mothersC Childless husbandsD Working fathers23. The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact that_AJ it is difficult for them to leave their officeB their home is als
31、o a place for kicking backC there is often much housework left behindDJ they are both bread winners and housewives24. The word moola(Line 4, para.4) most probably means_AskillsBenergyCearningsDnutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that_Adivision of labor at home is seldom clear-c
32、utBhome is hardly a cozier working environmentChousehold tasks are generally more motivatingDfamily labor is often adequately rewarded参考答案：21-25 ACDCAText2For years, studies have found that first-generation collage students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a
33、 range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created a parad
34、ox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychologica
35、l Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and
36、other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first
37、-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big im
38、pact-was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achi
39、evement gap.Many first-generation students struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the rules of the game, and take advantage of colleges resources,” they write, And this becomes more of a problem when colleges dont talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of
40、 different groups of students.Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.26. Recruiting more f
41、irst-generation students has .A reduced their dropout ratesB narrowed the achievement gapC depressed college studentsD missed its original purpose27. The authors of the research article are optimistic because .A their findings appeal to studentsB the recruiting rate has increasedC the problem is sol
42、vableD their approach is costless28. The study suggests that most first-generation students .A study at private universitiesB are from single-parent familiesC are in need of financial supportD have failed their college29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students .A are actuall
43、y indifferent to the achievement gapB can have a potential influence on other studentsC may lack opportunities to apply for research projectsD are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that .A universities often reject the culture of the middle-cla
44、ssB colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionC social class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesD students are usually to blame for their lack of resources参考答案：26-30 DCCDBEven in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and
45、 much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, th
46、ere were strategies, there were objectives, but we didnt talk about energy; we didnt talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-orientedand not by coincidence. “Lets not forget sportsin male-dominated corporate America, its still a big deal. Its no
47、t explicitly conscious; its the idea that Im a coach, and youre my team, and were in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think ofthemselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.” These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaningand, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizati