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1、上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年度第一学期高一英语期末试卷I. Grammar and VocabularySection A (2, x 10 = 20，)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. lb protect yourself against (he cold weather, (raditional Chin
2、ese medicine recommends food with relatively high calories for most people so as to your energy.A. reserveB. preserveC. persevereD. reverse【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了抵御寒冷天气，中医建议大多数人吃热量相对较高的食物，以储 备能量。A.reserve预定,储备;B. preserve维持,保护；C.persevere坚持;D.reverse反转。根据上文“with relatively high calories”可知，吃高热量食
3、物是为了储备能量。故选A。2. The new Shanghai Library East Branch, which opened at the end of September in the Pudong New Area, has quickly become a new landmark and the citys favorite photogenic location.A. lastB. laterC. latestD. least【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：9月底在浦东新区开放的新上海图书馆东分馆已迅速成为新地标和上 海最新的上镜地点。A.last最后的;
4、B.later后来的;C.latest最新的；D.least最小的。由语意可知,新上海 图书馆东分馆是在9月底新开放的，己迅速成为新地标，说明卜.文应该是成为最新的上镜地点。故选C项。3. Labradors and springer spaniels are ideal candidates for sniffer dogs, because they are known for their sense of smell, and they arc active hut less aggressive than other breeds.A. keenB. strongC. genuineD
5、. profound【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拉布拉多犬和施普林格西班牙猎犬是嗅探犬的理想狗选，因为它们 以敏锐的嗅觉而闻名，而且它们很活跃，但不像其他品种的狗那么好斗。A. keen敏锐的；B. strong强大的： C. genuine 真正的；D. profound 深刻的。根据前文“Labradors and springer spaniels are ideal candidates for sniffer41. A. achievementB. responsibilityC. securityD. justice42. A. approachesB. a
6、ttentionC. predictionsD. significance43. A. prohibitB. promoteC. sacrificeD. separate44. A. firmnessB. encouragementC. carefulnessD. statement45. A. foxesB. hedgehogsC. forecastersD. scientists【答案】31. C32. D33. A 34. B35. B 36. A 37. C38. D 39. D40. A. funnierB. worseC. less confidentD. more reliabl
7、e40. BC 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A41.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍表达不确定性的词会影响你的影响力，鼓励人们像狐狸一样考 虑不同的方法和观点，并把它们结合成不同的结论。(31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果Al-powered “微软编辑”认为你听起来不够果断，它很快会给你一个警 告：“表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力A. timid胆小的；B. reasonable合理的；C. decisive决定性 的；D. mature 成熟的。根据 “Type the words kind of, or perhaps into an email
8、 in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. ” 和 “ it will soon give you a word of warning： ”Words expressing uncertainty will lessen your impact.可知，你输入电子邮件的内容不够果断。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果ALpowered “微软编辑”认为你听起来不够果断，它很快会给你一个警告: “表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。 A. assess评表B. reverse改变
9、;C. enhance提高；D. lessen减少。根据“ If the Al-powered Microsoft Editor” judges that you are not sounding1 enough, it will soon giveyou a word of warning：H可知，表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个奖励那些充满信心的人的世界一一即使是在错误的时候一一给 那些承认怀疑的人很少表现的机会。A. rewards奖励：B. relaxes放松；C. confuses使困惑：D. weakens削弱。 根据
10、 ueven when that is misplaced-and gives very little opportunity to perform (o those who 4 doubt/ nJ 知，自信地说话的人会得到激励。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个奖励那些充满信心的人的世界一一即使是在错误的时候一一给 那些承认怀疑的人很少表现的机会。A.eliminate消除；B.acknowledge承认；C.emphasize强调；D.conceal 隐藏。根据We live in a world that 3 those who speak with confi
11、dence-even when that is misplacedn可知，这里与那些充满信心的人对比，指承认怀疑的人。故选B。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：喋喋不休未来一书的作者丹加德纳说：“因为这是一种心理上的满足，也 就是说,让我为你扫除不确定性吧。A. physically生理上;B. psychologically心理上；C. politically政治上 地：D. professionally 专业地。根据Thats saying let me sweep away the uncertainly for you” 可知,自信和不 确定性都是心理上的。故选B。【36题详解】考
12、查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类的大脑是“编程”讨厌不确定性：2016年的一项研究发现，当 志愿者电击，他们的压力水平最高，当他们不知道他们是否会是由甚至比的给定一个轮冲击波受试者被告 知他们肯定会得到一个。A. uncertainly不确定；B. confidence自信；C. dishonesty不诚实；D. stress压力。 根据Thats saying let me sweep away ihe uncertainty for you”可知，人类的大脑是“编程”也讨厌不确定性。 故选Ao【37题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究表明,人类的大脑被“编程”讨厌不确定性：2016年的
13、一项研究发现，当志 愿者被电击时，他们的压力水平最高，当他们不知道他们是否会是由甚至比的给定一个轮冲击波受试者被 告知他们肯定会得到一个。A. readily容易地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. definitely当然地；肯定地；D. probably 可能地。根据 athey had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock-higher even than subjects 可知， 这里与不确定性进行对比，所以是肯定地。故选C。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们首先应该知道，虽然听起来很自信的专家可能给了我
14、们大脑想要的东西， 但他们提供的安慰可能是错误的。A. desire欲望；B. depression沮丧；C. shock震惊;D. relief安慰。根据uconfident-sounding experts might be giving us what our brains desire,M可知，专家给我们的大脑提供了 想要 的东西，即安慰。故选D。【39题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：相反，刺犯倾向于通过一个单的定义概念来看待世界。A. For instance例如： B. In addition 此外；C. Even so 即便如此;D. In contrast 相反。根据Foxes
15、 consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions.v可知，与狐狸考虑 了各种不同的方法和观点不 同，刺猬是相反的，即只考虑一个单一的概念。故选D。【40题详解】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：这使得“刺猬”预测能力更差，但更有可能得到关注。A. funnier更可 笑的；B. worse 更糟糕的;C. less confident 不自信的;D. more reliable 更可靠的。根据 “hedgehogs tend to v
16、iew the world through the lens of one single defining idea.” 可知，“刺猬”预测能力更差。故选 B。41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许我们更关心的不是真相，而是享受一种安全感，不管这种安全感多么短暂。 A. achievement成就：B. responsibility责任；C. security安全;D. justice公正。结合前文“刺猬”看待世界的 方法可知，人们大多是享受目前的一种安全感。故选C。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：加德纳建议给演讲者贴上某种先前预测的记录，就像我们收到赛马或棒球运动 员的表现统计数据一
17、样。A. approaches 方法;B. attention 注意;C. predictions 预测;D. significance 重要性。 根据 “ we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players. ” 可知，加德纳建议给演讲者者加 上某种先前预测的记录。故选C。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：高度自信的陈述也会加剧两极分化，鼓励别人在表达不同意见时用同样的语言 回应。A. prohibit 禁止;B. promote 提升：C. sacrifice 牺牲;D. separate 分开。
18、根据“encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree.”可知,高度自信的陈述会加剧两极分化。故选B.,【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：政治学家丹尼尔德雷兹纳表示，人们自然会倾向于以同样坚定的态度予以回击。A. firmness 坚定；B. encouragement 鼓励；C. carefulness 细心；D. statement 声明。根据 Highly confident statements also 13 polarization （两极化）,encouraging ot
19、hers to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree.”可知,人们会以坚定的态度予以回击。故选A。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：是时候对狐狸给更多的关注了吗?A. foxes狐狸；B. hedgehogs刺猬；C. forecasters 预报员；D. scientists 科学家。根据前文“Psychologist Philip Tctlock divided up forecasters into ufbxcsM and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of dif
20、ferent approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions.结合之前讲述了 “刺猬”可知，此处表示考虑狐狸的观点。故选A。（B）In December, 43-ycar-old doctoral researcher Nina Jane Patel put on a headset and entered Metas virtual world to see what was happening that day. Within seconds of being there, there we
21、re three avatars （虚拟替身）near me/ she says. Suddenly they were taking selfies . I couldnt see at first that they were touching the avatars upper body . They were yelling at me, Dont 46 you dont like it, this is what you came fbr.The incident took place in the meuverse （元宇宙）一an immersive virtual world
22、accessed via wearable technology in which tech groups expect us to spend a far greater proportion of time in the future, both playing and,47. working.When it comes to 48 however, it is unclear what rules of engagement apply in a universal digital realm. What counts as harassment （骚扰）in the metaverse
23、? Can an avatar be 49 against, or worse? Will national legislation protect employees or does working in the metaverse require a（n） 50 rule book altogether?The global workforce has grown far more accustomed to working 51 in the past two years because of the Covid-19 pandemic and companies have alread
24、y started experimenting with virtual reality in the workplace. Hilton hotel group, for example, uses it to train staff on how to handle guests. And last year Microsoft, in its first step towards 52 the physical and digital worlds of work, began rolling out a plan to enable workers to appear on its T
25、eams collaboration software as avatars.But the metaverse takes hybrid working a step further, and brings with it a host of tricky employment law issues. These range from practical challenges, such as how are employees paid, to more 53 ones, like whether avatars have a legal identity.The physical wor
26、ld of work is regulated by 54 legal frameworks. In California, for example, workers can be fired with no notice, while in Holland, employees generally cannot be sacked without 55 from the court or Dutch employment agency. In the metaverse, 56. the national employment law that applies is notimmediate
27、ly obvious.“In one sense, the metaverse is just another platform. And the fundamental principles of an employment relationship 57 regardless of platform,v says Jonathan Chamberlain, a partner at Gowling WLG “Arguably, in the era of Teams and Zoom, many of us arc already in it. But the employment rel
28、ationship has until relatively recently been largely geographically 58: employment law is still largely country or state specific. You oftencannot 59 your countrys statutory （法定的）employment protection system even if you or your boss wanted to.”So far. no one has decided what legal framework should a
29、pply to a decentralised digital workspace, in which workers may be mobile, and geographically 60 from each other and the company they work for.46. A. decideB. pretendC. rejectD. hesitate47. A. cruciallyB. expectedlyC. relativelyD. deliberately48. A. corporate imagesB. virtual interactionsC. employme
30、nt lawsD. public regulations49 A. votedB. prejudicedC. foughtD. weighed50. A. outdatedB. universalC. justifiedD. new51. A. diligentlyB. efficientlyC. cooperativelyD. remotely52. A. integratingB. distinguishingC. restoringD. eliminating53. A. concreteB. philosophicalC. academicD. emotional54. A. nati
31、onalB. comprehensiveC. flexibleD. global55. A. grantB. protestC. approvalD. support56. A. thereforeB. howeverC. moreoverD. otherwise57. A. fade awayB. remain hollowC. come upD. hold true58. A. fixedB. labelledC. agreedD. signed59. A. come up withB. opt out ofC. get away withD. go in for60. A. orient
32、edB. dependentC. joinedD. disconnected【答案】46. C 47. A48. C 49. B50. B 51. D 52. A53. B 54. A 55. C 56.B 57. D 58. A59. B 60. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在元宇宙中，打工人如何维护自己的权益。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要排斥你不喜欢，这就是你来的原因。A. decide决定；B. pretend假装；C. reject 排斥；D. hesitate犹豫。根据下文“you dont like it, this is what you cam
33、e fbr. ”可知，这里指即使不喜欢，也 要接受，不能排斥。故选C。【47题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事件发生在元宇宙中个通过可穿戴技术访问的沉浸式虚拟世界一一科技团体预计我们未来将在其中花费更多的时间，包括玩耍和（至关重要的）工作。A. crucially关键地；B.expectedly 期待地；C. relatively 相对地；D. deliberately 故意地。根据上文 “ Dont1you dont like it. thisis what you came for. ”可知，工作是至关重要的。故选A。【48题详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：然而，当涉及到雇佣法时，尚不清楚在
34、普遍的数字领域中适用什么雇佣规则。A. corporate images 企业形象；B. virtual interactions 虚拟交互；C. employment laws 雇佣法；D. public regulations 公共法规。根据卜文 “it is unclear what rules of engagement apply in a universal digital realm” 可知，这里指元 宇宙中的雇佣法。故选C。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：化身是否会受到歧视，或者更糟？ A. voted选举；B. prejudiced歧视；C. fought 打架；D.
35、weighed称重。根据下文“worse”可知，这里指在元宇宙工作中会发生的不好的事情，即化身是 否会受到歧视。故选B。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国家立法是否会保护员工，或者在元宇宙中工作是否需要一本通用规则书？ A. outdated过时的；B. universal通用的；C. justified正当的；D.new新的。根据下文“altogether”可知，这 里指在元宇宙工作中大家都会用的法律。故选B。51题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，全球员工在过去两年中已经越来越习惯于远程工作， 公司己经开始在工作场所试验虚拟现实。A. diligently勤奋地
36、；B. efficiently高效地；C. cooperatively配合地； D. remotely 远程地。根据下文 because of the Covid-19 pandemic and companies have already started experimenting with virtual reality in the workplacen可知，新冠肺炎疫情期间,员工们都是远程工作。故选D。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，微软迈出了整合物理和数字工作世界的第一步，开始推出一项计划，使 员工能够在其团队协作软件中作为化身出现。A. integrating整合；B.
37、 distinguishing区分;C. restoring恢复;D. eliminating 消除。根据卜文 ubegan rolling out a plan to enable workers to appear on its Teams collaboration software as avatars可知，微软整合了物理和数字工作。故选A.【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些挑战从实际挑战，如员工的薪酬，到更具哲学意义的挑战，如化身是否 具有合法身份。A. concrete具体的：B. philosophical哲学的；C. academic学术的：D. emotional情
38、感的。根 据上文“from practical challenges”可知，上下文是对应的,有实际的挑战，也有哲学意义的挑战。故选B。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工作的物质世界受国家法律框架的制约。A. national国家的；B. comprehensive 综合的；C. flexible灵活的；D. global全球的。根据上文“The physical world of work”可知,现实生活中， 每个国家都有国家法律约束。故选A。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，在加州，工人可以在没有通知的情况下被解雇，而在荷兰，员工通常在 没有法院或荷兰就业机构批准的情况下不
39、能被解雇。A. grant拨款;B. protest抗议:C. approval批准;D. support 支持。根据上文“while”可知，上下文是转折的关系，在加州，工人可以在没有通知的情况下被解雇，而 在荷兰，员工通常在没有法院或荷兰就业机构批准的情况下不能被解雇。故选C。【56题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在元宇宙中，适用的国家就业法并不立即明显。A. therefore因此；B. however 然而；C. moreover 而且：D. otherwise 否则。根据上文 “ The physical world of work is regulated by 9 legal
40、 frameworks.v可知,这句话和上文是转折的关系。故选B。【57题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：“在某种意义上，元宇宙只是另一个平台。无论平台如何，雇佣关系的基本原则 在任何平台上都是成立的，“Gowling WLG合伙人Jonathan Chamberlain表示。A. fade away消退；B. remain hollow 保持中空：C. come up 出现：D. hold true 同样适用。根据上文 M In one sense, the rnetaverse is just another platform.可知，在Jonathan Chamberlain看来，不管在哪里
41、，雇佣关系的基本原则都是同样适用的。故选Do【58题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但直到最近，雇佣关系在很大程度上在区域上是固定的；就业法在很大程度上 仍然是国家或州具体的。A. fixed固定；B. labelled标签；C. agreed同意；D. signed签字。根据下文“employment law is still largely country or state specificM可知，雇佣关系在很大程度上在区域上是固定的。故选A。【59题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常情况F，即使你或你的老板想要退出本国的法定就业保护体系，你也无法 选择退出。A. come up with想
42、出;B. opt oulof选择退出;C. gel away with逃脱惩罚；D. go in for参加。根 据上文44employment law is still largely country or state specific.v可知，每个国家都有雇佣法,所以每个人都 不可能退出这个系统。故选B。【60题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到FI前为止，还没有人决定什么样的法律框架应该适用于分散的数字工作空 间，在这种工作空间中，员工可能是移动的，但是在地理上与彼此以及他们工作的公司都是分离的。A.orienied面向的；B. dependent依赖的;C. joined联合的;D.
43、disconnecied不联系的。根据上文“geogr叩hically”可知，这里指在数字工作空间，人们在地理位置上都是没有联系的。故选D。Section B (2 x 15 = 30)Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits be
44、st according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Tens of thousands of ancient pictures carved into the rocks at one of Frances most important tourist sites arc being gradually destroyed. Scientists and researchers fear that the 36,000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the F
45、rench Alps are being damaged so rapidly that the、will not survive for future generations.The mountain, believed to have once been a site for prayer and worship, has 4.000-year-old drawings cut into bare rock. They include pictures of cows, cultivated fields and various gods and goddesses. But as the
46、 popularity of the site increases, the pictures are being ruined by thoughtless graffiti (：余鸦).Jean Clottes is the chairman of the International Committee on Rock Art. He says, “People think that because the pictures have been (here so long (hey will always continue (o be there. But if the damage co
47、ntinues as this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years.”He describes seeing tourists stamping on the drawings, wearing away the rock and definition of the artwork as they do so. Some visitors, he says, even chop off parts to take home as souvenirs.“When people think they cant take a good enough
48、 photograph, they rub the drawings to get a clearer picture/ he said. The drawings are polished by the weather, and if the sun is shining and the visitors cant see them properly they simply rub them to make them look (Yesher.”But experts are divided over the best way to preserve the drawings. Henry de Lumley, director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, believes that the only w