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1、大学英语四级翻译新题型精选60道专练丝绸之路四合院结构秦始皇陵墓景德镇筷子毕业生过剩中国贸易法定假日中国扇子茶信用卡山体滑坡中国肥胖问题台风“潭美”秧歌快速老龄化中国人均GDP洛阳保健食品中国经济活动放缓灵隐寺少林功夫子女探望父母四合院八大菜系中国出境游茶马古道现代人类全球变暖中国城市化京剧月光族毕业生就业孔子房地产新年剪纸找工作龙图腾秧歌舞长城饺子针灸中国功夫汉字筷子印章天干地支京剧道教中国成语丝绸中国园林笔墨纸砚七夕人口老龄化对外开放假日经济通信科技文化节端午节中秋节1. 丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要 贸易路线。因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，
2、所以在1877年它 被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古道从长安开始， 经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线， 中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后扩展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度， 甚至罗马。The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a
3、 large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer. This ancient road begins at Changan, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and Northern Route. The three
4、routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.2. 个标准的四合院通常由一个位于中心的院子和四侧房屋构成。 门通常漆成红色，并有大的铜门环。通常情况下，全家人住在大院。 北端的正房由长辈居住,年轻_代生活在两侧的房子,朝南的房子里, 通常是家庭客厅或书房。A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides with a y
5、ard in the center. The gates are usually painted red and have large copper door rings. Usually，a whole family lives in compound. The elder generation lives in the main house standing at the north end, the younger generations live in the side houses, and the south house is usually the family sitting
6、room or study.3. 秦始皇陵墓(the Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang)坐落在 陕西省西安市临潼区以东5公里的骊山北部，是中国历史上第一个 皇帝的最终休眠之地。它于公元前246年开始建造,工程持续了 38年。 它占地面积56.25平方公里，是中国历史上最大的陵墓。The Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang, located at the northern foot of the Lishan Mountain five kilometers east of Lintong District, Xi
7、an City, Shanxi Province, is the final resting place of the first emperor in the history of China. Its construction lasted for 38 years, commencing in 246BC. With an area of 56.25 square kilometers, its the largest mausoleum in Chinas history.4. 景德镇，中国瓷都(ceramic metropolis)，是世界瓷器艺术花园的 耀眼明珠。它位于长江南部，是
8、江南一个有活力的城镇。它制造瓷 器(porcelain)的历史已经有1700多年，已经形成了丰富的瓷器文化。 稀有的瓷器文物，一流的瓷器工艺，瓷乐器的优雅表演，以及优美 的田园风光组成了景德镇特别的旅游文化，而且让景德镇成为中国 唯一一个以瓷器旅游文化为特色的旅游城市。Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of china is a brilliant pearl in the worlds art garden of ceramics. It is located on the south of the Yangtze River as a p
9、owerful tTown on the south of the Yangtze River. It has a porcelain making history of over 1700 years，which has been crystallized into its rich cultural tradition of ceramics. Rare ceramic relics, superb ceramic craftsmanship，unique ceramic customs, graceful performance of ceramic musical instrument
10、s and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.5. 说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的 国家，用筷子吃饭已经有至少3000年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单， 只有两根小细棒，但它有很多功能，比如挑选，移动，夹，搅拌或 者挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的 餐具(tab
11、leware)。使用複子的人，无论是中国人还是外国人，都无 不钦佩筷子的发明者。As the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with chopsticks. Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many f
12、unctions, such as picking, moving, nipping, mixing and digging; moreover，it is convenient for use and cheap in price. Besides, chopsticks are also unique tableware in the world. Anyone using chopsticks，no matter Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.6. 2008
13、全球经济衰退导致中国的新毕业生的就业市场显著下降。 2009年毕业的学生将加入到2008年毕业仍在找工作的300万学生 之中。毕业生过剩(glut)也可以归因于大学入学率的提高和教育机构 的增加。虽然大学的学生人数增加了，但是他们的质量并没有明显 地提高。在大多数情况下，毕业生无法在2008年找到合适的就业机 会是因为他们没有行业所需的技能。The 2008 global recession resulted in a significant drop in the job market for Chinas new graduates. Students graduating in 2009
14、 will join around three million students who graduated in 2008 and are still seeking job opportunities. The graduate glut can also be attributed to a rise in the number of college enrollments and educational institutions. Although the number of college students has increased, there has not been any
15、significant improvement in their quality. In most cases, graduates were unable to find suitable employment in 2008 because they did not have the skills required by the industry.7. 对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边 (bilateral)贸易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易不平衡的 问题已经引发了关注。尤其是美国对中国的贸易赤字是最大的，达 到了 3150亿美元，这个数字是十年前的三倍还多。
16、贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销(dumping)、知识产权和人民 币的估价。For many countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral trade partner. However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world. The US in particular has the large
17、st trade deficit in the world with China at $315 billion, more than three times what it was a decade ago. There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against, mainly for dumping, intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.8. 中国人民依法享受超过115天的假期，其中包括104天的周 末和11天的节假日。中国一年中有7
18、个法定假日，包括元旦(New Years Day),春节（Spring Festival),清明节（Qingming Festival), 五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid- Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有5至15天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假_般约在7月1 日开始，8月31日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在1 月或2月。Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of w
19、eekends and 11 days of festivals. China has seven legal holidays in a year，including New Years Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day. Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave. Students and teachers have summer and winter vacat
20、ions for about three months. The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.9. 中国扇子的历史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫作“扇汗”（Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来
21、挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来 “扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称 为中山扇（Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的仪仗(honour guard)装 饰。The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty. The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong s
22、unshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall. The Shanhan was a bit like todays umbrella. Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperors honour guard as decoration.10. 中国是茶的故乡。据说早在五六千年
23、前，中国就有了茶树(tea- shrub),而且有关茶树的人类文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自中国的 茶和丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)样，在1000年前为世界所知，而且一 直是中国重要的出口产品。目前世界上40多个国家种植茶，其中亚 洲国家的产量占世界总产量的90%。其他国家的茶树都直接或间接 地起源于中国。China is the homeland of tea. It is believed that China has tea- shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago，and human cultivation of teapl
24、ants can date back two thousand years. Tea from China，along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the world over more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export. At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90
25、% of the worlds total output. All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.11. 信用卡(credit card)是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险 的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些 负担不起的物品，同时，银行也将对此征收比_般贷款要高的利率 (interest rate)。遗憾的是，信用卡现巳成为资本主义体制(capitalist system)的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费(consumption)的持
26、续增长。Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever cre ated by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most dangerous. They allow people to buy things they，otherwise, couldnt afford， with money created by the banks and, charged out at much higher interest rates than normal loa
27、ns. Unfortunately, credit cards have become an essential part of the capitalist system which only survives on the continued growth in consumption.12. 都江堰中兴镇发生山体滑坡(landslide)这是2008年四川地 震时受灾最严重的地方。山体滑坡覆盖了大约两平方公里，摧毁了 至少11所房子。到目前为止，已有200多名居民被疏散。山体滑 坡几个小时后，巡逻队员到达现场时，一切都已经是一片汪洋。目 击者描述石头和残骸（debris)从山上滚下来，不
28、到三分钟就把八座 房屋吞没了。The landslide occurred in the town of Zhongxing is Dujiangyan one of the places badly hit by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The landslide, which covered about 2 sq km, damaged at least 11 homes. So far more than 200 residents have been evacuated. By the time patrol members arrived at th
29、e scene, a few hours after the landslide，everything was already a vast expanse of water. Eyewitnesses described stones and debris running down the hill and covering around eight homes in less than three minutes.13. 国家体育总局(the General Administration of Sport)在一项调查中 发现，自2010年以来，20-39岁的中国人体重增加更多1.9千克。
30、这个年龄段中超过11%的人属于肥胖，这在三年的时间里就上涨了 两个百分点。Chinas young adults are gaining more weight and exercising less than their elders. Chinese from ages 20 to 39 have put on more kilograms 1.9 kg than other adults since 2010，the General Administration of Sport found in a survey. More than 11% from the age group we
31、re obese, up two percentage points in only three years.14. 星期四这天，围观者们聚集在一起观看暴风的时候，台风“潭美”（Typhoon Trami)引发的60英尺高的海水，在海宁市附近的海岸 突然落下。当时并没有立刻弄清楚人们伤势有多严重，也没有任何 死亡的报告。这场台风是由于浙江省东部的暴雨和时速80英里的风 引起的，它迫使40万人离开家园，造成了数百万美元的损失。The 60-foot wall of water triggered by Typhoon Trami crashed on the shore near the cit
32、y of Haining，where onlookers gathered to watch the storm on Thursday. It was not immediately clear how bad the people were injured. There were no reports of any deaths. The typhoon which caused heavy rain and 80-mph winds along the eastern Zhejiang Province forced over 400,000 people to be evacuated
33、 from their homes and caused millions of dollars of damage.15. 秧歌是农历正月的主要的民族花市形式。在这种活动中，两人 都盛装打扮，轮流唱歌跳舞，其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。锣(gong) 鼓按照节奏敲打;唢呐（suona)或其他传统的弦乐器、木管乐器作为 背景音乐。Yangge, which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions in the first month of the lunar year. In this activity, two people a
34、re dressed up, singing and dancing in antiphonal style, others act as singing and dancing partners. The gong and drum are beaten in rhythm;suona or other traditional stringed and woodwind instruments are dubbed in background music.16. 根据全国老龄工作委员会(the China National Committee On Aging)的数据来看，到2053年，中国
35、60岁及以上的老人数量预计 会从目前的1.85亿一跃变为4.87亿，或者说是占总人口的35%。扩 张的比例是由于寿命的增加和计划生育政策(family planning policies) 限制大部分城市家庭只生一个孩子。快速老龄化对社会和经济稳定 造成了严重威胁。17. 自从1978年经济改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划经济 (centrally planned economy)向市场经济(market based economy)的转变。超过6亿人已经脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过1.7亿人生活在 国际贫困线以下 天少于1.25美元。2012年，中国的人均GDP 为12405.67美元，这是
36、30年前的37倍。到2018年，中国的人均 GDP将从世界第90位上升到第75位。然而，这仍然是低于预计的 世界平均水平。Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy. More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day inte
37、rnational poverty line. In 2012, Chinas GDP (PPP) per capita was $12,405.67. This is 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago. By 2018，Chinas GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world. This however will still be below the forecasted world average.18. 灵隐寺(Lingyin
38、Temple)位于浙江省杭州市西湖的西北部。它是 江南著名古刹。该寺建于公元326年，有1600多年的历史。传说, 印度一个叫作慧理的和尚来到杭州，被这美丽的山区景色深深地吸 引了。他认为这里有神佛，所以建了一座庙宇，取名“灵隐”，意思 是隐藏的灵魂。据说著名的济公和尚也是在这座寺庙皈依的，这使 灵隐寺更加有名。Lingyin Temple is located in the northwest side of West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. It is a famous ancient temple in the south of the
39、Yangtze River. The temple was built in 326 AD and has a history of over 1,600 years. Legend has it that an Indian monk named Huili came to Hangzhou and was deeply attracted by the beautiful mountainous scenery. He thought there lived immortals and then he built a temple and named it “Lingyin”，which
40、means hidden souls. It is said that the famous monk Jigong also took vows in the temple, which made Lingyin Temple even more famous.19. 洛阳是地处中原的河南省西部一个地级市(prefecture-level city)。 它东部舭邻省会郑州，南接南阳，西连三门峡(S_enxia)，北邻济源。 在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),洛阳是东都(Dongdu)，东部首都，其人 口最多的时候有100万左右，仅次于当时世界上最大的城市长安。 在短暂的五代(Fiv
41、e Dynasties)时期，洛阳是后梁(Later Liang)，后唐 (Later Tang)和后晋(Later Jin)的首都，后来。北宋(the North Song Dynasty)时期，洛阳是西部首都，也是宋朝的建立人赵匡胤的出生地。Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the
42、 west, and Jiyuan to the north. During the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was Dongdu (东都),the “Eastern Capital and at its height had a population of around one million, second only to Chang，an，which, at the time，was the largest city in the world. During the short-lived Five Dynasties, Luoyang was the capital
43、 of the Later Liang, Later Tang, and Later Jin. During the North Song Dynasty,Luoyang was the “Western Capital” and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of Song Dynasty.20. 中国的保健食品（health food)市场首次出现于20世纪80年代。 保健食品是指具有特定保健功能或补充维生素或矿物质的食品。保 健食品适用于特定人群消费，具有调节人体功能的效果，但不用于 治疗疾病的目的。保健食品有两种。一种是具有特定保健功
44、能的食品， 另外一种是营养补充剂。Chinas health food market first emerged in the 1980s. Health food refers to food products which claim to have specific health functions or supplement ones vitamins or minerals. Health food is suitable for the consumption by specific groups of people and has the effect of regulating
45、human body functions, but is not used for the purpose of treating diseases. There are two kinds of health food. One is food with specific health functions, the other is nutritional supplements.21. 就像向中国出售商品的公司会看到收益有损失一样，中国经济 活动放缓有着世界性的影响。包括澳大利亚、巴西和东南亚在内的 其他国家近年来都看到了巨大的利润，因为中国对自然资源有需求。 中国的需求下降巳经对很多商品
46、的价格有了影响。上周，中国财政 部长楼继伟表示,今年的经济增长可能为7%,而这不一定是“底线”。A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that sell to China may see revenues suffer. Countries including Australia, Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand f
47、or natural resources. The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on the prices of many commodities. Last week，Chinas Finance Minister Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year, and that this may not be the “bottom line”.22. 少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfii)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和 尚
48、们练习的_种武术(martial arts)。少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太和期(Taihe Period)十九年，是少林功夫发展的文化 空间。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侣练习的，他们的职责是保护寺庙。 现在经过1500多年的发展，少林功夫已逐步发展成为一种完美技术 和丰富含义相融合的艺术，在全世界享有声誉。Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province. The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for the development of the Shaolin Kungfu. The Shaolin Kungfii, which is originally practiced by the