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1、,Q英语语法框架概一、词法 数量：10大类 分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用词类定义例词实词Notional word名词Noun表示事物名称的词Market, people, water, information代词Pronoun代替名词或名词所有格的词I, me, we, your, hers, all, nothing动词Verb表示动作或状态的词Are, do, go, eat形容词Adjective表示人或事物性质特征的词Young, fast, excellent副词Adverb表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词Very, well, always数词Numeral表示数目或顺序的词
2、One, first, thousand虚词 Empty word冠词Article名词前，说明名词含义A, an, the介词Proposition名词或代词之间，表关系Of, to, after,连词Conjunction连接，“关节”之意And, but, if感叹词Injection情感态度的词Oh, ah, well二、句法分类方法：按成分、按类别1 .句子成分成分充当词例句名词NounThe sun gives us light and heat.人称代词Personal pronounWe love life.主语 subject物主代词Possessive pronounYou
3、r idea is good, but mine is better.“谁,，”什么,，指示代词Demonstrative pronounThis is my favorite teacher.动作或状态的发出者疑问代词Interrogative pronounWhat is the most important thing in your life?不定代词Indefinite pronounNobody can stop me studying.基数词Cardinal numeralTwo of you are my best students.序数词Ordinal numeralThe
4、second is my sister.形容词AdjectiveThe old should be taken care of in our country.不定式InfinitiveTo talk is easier than to do.动名词GerundHelping others can bring us happiness.从句clauseWhat you did is better than what you said.胃1吾 predicate实意动词Notional verbWe plan to review our lessons in three months.主语的动作或
5、状态联系动词Linking verbWe are Chinese.名词NounNowadays many foreigners are learning Chinese.宾语 object及物动词或及物动词短人称代词Personal pronounHe fools us all.语的对象或内容反身代词 指示代词 疑问代词 不定代词 物主代词 相互代词Reflexive pronounDemonstrative pronounInterrogative pronounInfinitive pronounPossessive pronounReciprocal pronounBelieve in
6、yourself.I thank you will like this.Who are you waiting for?They got everything they want.He is an old friends of hers.We should learn to respect each other.形容词AdjectiveThat news will make mother happy.副词AdverbLet me show you out.宾语补足语名词NounWe chose Tom our monitor.object complement介词短语Prepositional
7、 phraseJerry found him in a strange world.宾语之后，补充说明不定式InfinitiveDo not force me to do anything I dont like.现在分词Present participleDont keep me waiting too long.过去分词Past participleThey ran away and left the work unfinished.形容词AdjectiveThe mountains are green.副词AdverbTime is up.指示代词Demonstrative pronou
8、nWhat I want is this.疑问代词Interrogative pronounI wander who you are.表语 predictive不定代词Indefinite pronounIt is nothing serious.说明主语，“补足语”基数词Cardinal numeralTwo plus two is four.序数词Ordinal numeralMy mother is always the first to get up.介词短语Prepositional phrase不定式Infinitive动名词Gerund现在分词Present participle
9、过去分词Past participle从句clause名词Noun形容词Adjective副词Adverb物主代词Possessive pronoun指示代词Demonstrative pronoun定语 attribute疑问代词Interrogative pronoun修饰名词或代词不定代词Indefinite pronoun基数词Cardinal numeral序数词Ordinal numeral介词短语Prepositional phrase不定式Infinitive动名词Gerund现在分词Present participle过去分词Past participle从句clauseTh
10、e watch is just under the table.My job is to clean the road.His bobby is collecting stamps.The result is disappointing.We are disappointed to the result.That is what IQ means.He works in a car factory.Now the world is just like a small village.The native there are very friendly.Their invention won t
11、he world prize.These wild plants are well protected.Which river is the longest in the world?Both his parents are doctors.The organization contains eight countries.He was the fifth player to receive the honor.Many secrets in space remain unknown.So I have nothing to say for myself.I bought a walking
12、stick for my grandfather.Tom got injured by a falling tree.They reached an old house built 200 years ago.Those who drink water will not forget the people whodie the well.名词NounLi Ming is one year old than I.形容词AdjectiveThe travelers came back, safe and sound.状语 adverbial副词AdverbThe son often write t
13、o his parents.位置随意，修饰任意不定式InfinitiveMother went to buy something in the market.动词、副词、形容词现在分词Present participleHe stood up, looking at the boss coldly.从句、全句过去分词Past participleLed by the natives, we found the old castle.介词短语Prepositional phraseFrom the space the astronaut saw a blue globe.从句ClauseWher
14、e there is smoke, there is fire.独立主格nominative absolutestructureWeather permitting, we will go for a同位语 appositive名词NounMiss Wu, our English teacher, is kind to us.前名词、代词的具体内容代词PronounThey each have a PC.数词NumeralI have prepared a nice dinner for you two.从句clauseWeve got the news that our team won r
15、he match.2 .句子类别分类：按使用目的、按结构(1) 按使用目的：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句类别例句陈述句Declarativesentence肯定句Assertive sentenceHis name was Pangu.She began searching for that something.否定句Negative sentenceI can not agree with you.It doesnt matter.疑问句Question sentence般疑问句General questionDid Italy win the World Cap?Is that film
16、 interesting?特殊疑问句Special questionWhat is your name?Where can you find the answer 选择疑问句Alternative questionAre you a teacher or a student?Do you like coffee or tea?反义疑问句Disjunctive questionIt is fine day, isnt it?No one accepted your offer, did they?祈使句imperative sentenceDo not take everything for g
17、ranted!Follow me, please.感叹句exclamatory sentenceWhat a good teacher he is!How good a teacher he is!按结构：简单句、并列句、复合句类别例句简单句 simple sentence5种基本类型S+VIThe sun rises in the east.S+VT+OMany families keep pets.s+v+cChina is still a developing country.S+VT+O 1+02He sent me an e-mail yesterday.S+VT+O+CMy gir
18、l always makes me happy.并列句Coordinate sentenceHe likes to watch TV but I like to read books.You can do your homework first and then you can play with your friends.复合句Complexsentence名词性从句Noun clause主语从句subject宾语从句object表语从句predicative同位语从句 appositiveWhat you said is true.You knew that beauty should b
19、e natural.That is when I studied.He made a promise that he would come back.状语从句Adverbial clause时间状语time条件状语condition原因状语cause目的状语purpose结果状语result地点状语placeWe have finished the work before the came.If it rains, we have to stay at home.She was absent because she was ill.He left home early in order tha
20、t he could work.Tom was so tired that he fell behind.Lucy found her MP3 where she lost it.定语从句attributive clause让步状语 concession方式状语manner比较状语comparisonThough I am poor, I am happy.Do it as I do.You are stronger than I am.Do you know the boy who is playing basketball?This is the result that I wanted.