《2021-2022学年鼓楼区高一下英语期中统考试卷（含答案）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021-2022学年鼓楼区高一下英语期中统考试卷（含答案）.docx（32页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、江苏省南京市鼓楼区2021-2022学年高一下学期期中统考英语试题测试时间120分钟 全卷满分150分第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMost of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But
2、 recently some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. Here are some common ones. Which are really green? Its better to take a shower than a bath.It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in
3、a shower, youll use as much water as in a bath-about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.? Eating local food is good for the environment.It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to
4、 be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfortunately, it is not that simple. In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away.?_When we tun off a device, such as television, it goes into stand-by mo
5、de. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more. This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device, even when it is turned “off”. To make sure your appliances are in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.Environmental awarenes
6、s is now part of daily life. But its worth checking common ideas and opinions to see whats really green.1. What food is more environmentally friendly?A. It all depends.B. None of them.C. Local produce.D. Non-native food.2. Which of the following best suits the blank?A. When you turn off a device, it
7、 still uses power.B. When you tun off a device, it stops using power.C. Unplugging a device is better than turning off a device.D. Going into stand-by mode is better than turning off a device.3. Why does the author write this passage?A. To tell the truth about some “green truths”.B. To call on peopl
8、e to protect the environment.C. To explain the significance of energy-saving.D. To present some practical ways to reduce waste.BRachel Carson was a scientist by profession, but the lines from the open chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring. “A Fable for Tomorrow”, show her talent as a writer. By ima
9、gining a world without birds, she aimed to alert (使警惕) not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystem-in particular, to the harmful use of pesticides (杀虫剂), such as DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingl
10、y causing harm to plants, animals and even humans, and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way.Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation. Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case
11、 studies. The book details the programme of removing gypsy moth which killed birds, in addition to killing gypsy moths. Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows, but not fire ants. The book also gives dozens of other examples of removal programmes that did nothing to reduce the
12、 problems they were originally designed to solve. The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carsons source, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.Silent Spring was not, however, received positively by everyone. Though Carsons research was strong and was supported by most scien
13、tists who reviewed her book, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist. Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.The
14、se were attempts to damage Carsons reputation (名声) and stop her from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research. Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims-and today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is s
15、till ringing loud and clear.4. Which of the following is included in the passage? Background of the book Features of the book Purposes of the book Responses to the bookA. B. C. D. 5. Some people questioned Carsons ideas because they thought _ .A. she lacked sufficient evidenceB. she was ignorant of
16、true scienceC. she was anxious to get the creditD. she was unprofessional in that field6. Silent Spring is a book that _.A. reveals humans to be the ruler of the worldB. charges pesticide industry with immoral actC. illustrates the potential danger of pesticidesD. requests people to appreciate the b
17、eauty of spring7. Which of the following can best describe Carson?A. Scientific and forward-looking.B. Ordinary and responsible.C. Courageous and well-educated.D. Intelligent and adventurous.CFlower scents (香味) help pollinators (传粉者) locate their favorite plants. Scientists have established that air
18、 pollutants change those scents, throwing off the tracking abilities of such beneficial insects as honeybees. But new lab experiments are the first to confirm that one pollinator, the tobacco hawkmoth, can quickly learn that a pollution-changed scent comes from the jasmine tobacco flower that the in
19、sect likes.Chemical ecologist Markus Knaden and colleagues focused on one pollutant-ozone, the main element in smog. In the lab, his team blew an ozone-changed scent from a tiny tube into a tunnel, with a moth (飞蛾) awaiting at the far end of the tunnel. Usually, when the moth smells the unchanged sc
20、ent, it flies upwind and uses its long, skinny mouthparts to probe the tube the way that it would a flower. The researchers expected that the changed scent might throw the moth off a little. But the insect wasnt attracted at all.In addition to scent, tobacco hawkmoths track flowers visually, so Knad
21、ens team used the feature, along with a sweet snack, to train the moth to be attracted to a pollution-changed scent. The researchers wrapped a brightly-colored artificial flower around the tube to trick the moth back across the tunnel, despite the unfamiliar scent. And the team added sugar water to
22、the artificial flower. After a moth was given four minutes to taste the sweet stuff, it was attracted to the new smell when sent into the tunnel 15 minutes later, even when neither the sugar water nor the visual signal of the artificial flower was present.This study focused on only one moth species,
23、 but Knadens team is now working on planning experiments with other pollinators that are easier to follow than tobacco hawknoths. While he guesses honeybees might also be as adaptable as the moth was, that wont be true of every pollinator. “The situation can become very bad for insects that are not
24、as clever or cannot see that well. I dont want the take-home message to be that pollution is not a problem.”8. What does the underlined word “probe” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Surround.B. Favour.C. Access.D. Examine.9. According to the passage, _.A. not all moths were attracted to ozone-changed scent as
25、 expectedB. the current research conducted by Knaden is pioneering and wide-rangingC. not all pollinators are adaptable to human-driven changes to their environmentD. the moth didnt like the new smell without sugar water and artificial flower10. Whats Knadens attitude towards the finding of the stud
26、y?A. Positive.B. Cautious.C. Unclear.D. Critical.11. What does the text mainly talk about?A. A moth can be rid of the tracking ability to locate its favourite plants.B. A moth is able to establish a relationship between pollution and scents.C. A moth may outsmart smog by learning to like pollution-c
27、hanged scent.D. A moth is born with an ability to adapt to the changes in the environment.DThe first wide-ranging assessment of medical crowdfunding in the United States shows that people in states with higher medical debt (债务) and lower rates of insurance coverage (保险范围) are more likely to try to r
28、aise money through crowdfunding websites, but less likely to succeed. From 2016 through 2020, more medical campaigns (运动) on the crowdfunding site GoFundMe were started in low-income and under-insured communities. But campaigns in wealthier communities with higher rates of insurance coverage raised
29、significantly more money.Mississippi, for example, has the highest percentage of population with medical debt and is among the highest in percentage of uninsured, but crowdfunding campaigns there raised the least money of all 50 states. Vermont, on the other hand, raised the most. Its population had
30、 one of the lowest percentages of uninsured people and was around the middle as to the percentage of population without medical debt.“Only the most successful campaigns are stressed on social media, giving the impression that crowdfunding works,” says study coauthor Nors Kenworthy, a pubic health re
31、searcher. But, she says. we need to be more “clear-eyed” about crowdfundings limits and the kinds of gaps it fills.Yet even in countries like Canada and the United Kingdom which have some form of universal health care coverage, studies of crowdfunding stress significant gaps. In those countries, cro
32、wdfinding is often for expenses indirectly related to illness and accidents, such as lost wages, transportation and child-care costs, Kenworthy says. According to one 2019 study, crowdfunding in Canada for cancer-related expenses is less successful in areas with lower education and income.While GoFu
33、ndMes previous CEO Rober Solomon has called concerns that crowdfunding increases socioeconomic inequalities “hogwash”(一派胡言), the new study negates that, says Jeremy Snyde, a Canadian health researcher, who was not involved in this research.“Crowdfunding depends heavily on peer networks that typicall
34、y have similar features, including income, to the campaigner themselves,” says Snyder, “If GoFundMe has data that suggests otherwise, then they have a duty to make it public.”12. In the United States online crowdfunding _.A. relieves the medical problem of those in povertyB. rids the under-insured s
35、tates of high medical debtC. deepens health care inequalities in different areasD. funds rich communities with higher insurance coverage13. Why does the author mention Canada and the UK?A. To reveal different purposes of crowdfunding.B. To illustrate the noticeable gaps of crowdfunding.C. To further
36、 explore crowdfunding in other countries.D. To compare their crowdfunding with that in the USA.14 What can you infer from the passage?A. Medical crowdfunding rarely helps those who need it most.B. Social media covers up the truth that crowdfunding never works.C. The USA has a higher rate of insuranc
37、e coverage like Canada and the UK.D. Medical crowdfunding raises more money than social media posts suggest.15. Which of the following does Snyder most probably agree with?A. GoFundMe must provide more data to support its stand.B. Crowdfunding narrows the financial gap among different classes.C. We
38、should be more aware of crowdfundings limits and purposes.D. Without peer networks, crowdfunding couldnt function properly.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文中的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。When did you last write a letter? Properly write one-by hand? In a digital world, where sending a text or email
39、 is far more convenient than using snail mail (传统信件), is it still necessary to write with traditional pen and paper? Well, some people believe that writing still has many benefits. _16_These days, When people request things in writing, a typed, electronic document will be accepted. _17_ But making a
40、 handwritten document is unique: It requires planning and thought, and, as well as practicing your handwriting, it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation（标点）._18_ This is particularly relevant for students, where typing notes into a laptop is thought to lack the “tactile (触觉的) feedback” to t
41、he brain that contact between pen and paper does. BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessing from the University of Calgary, who says that “taking notes by hand involves cognitive (认知的) engagement in summarizing, paraphrasing, organizing, concept and vocabulary mapping.” Others agree that handwritin
42、g may boost fine motor skills in your hands and fingers.There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too. Drawing notes, shopping lists, or messages on the back of an envelope can still be useful, quick and portable. _19_ Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC: “In a world where it is so
43、 easy to hop online to email or to send a fast text, it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you.”So, while digital skills remain important, dont write off your pens and pencils yet.- _20_A. After all, we cant ignore the benefits
44、handwriting bring to us.B. So maybe its not time to throw away your pens or pencils yet.C. Especially if your smartphone, tablet or laptop runs out of power!D. And writing a letter to a friend is a good way to practise handwriting.E. Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned
45、pen and paper.F. Doing this on a computer means it could be saved, edited, copied and sent via email.G. But putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact.第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 、D四个选项中选可以填入空白处的最佳选项Zhang Mengqiu, born
46、 in 2002, won two gold and three silver medals in all five events of the womens alpine skiing standing at the Winter Paralympic Games. She _21_ viewers by styling five different hairdos at award ceremonies to _22_ her confidence, beauty, as well as optimism towards life.Zhang, who suffered from func
47、tional movement disorder as a consequence of cerebral palsy (脑瘫), was _23_ to Alpine skiing in Hebei para-team in 2016. Zhangs _24_ speed was slightly slower than others due to her _25_ disadvantage. When she first hit the slopes, Zhang _26_ she was a slow learner. _27_, she decided to put in extra
48、hours _28_ to master the sports skills, believing that “there are not many _29_ battles one can meet in life, so you need to spare no effort before the battles.”A year later, Zhang was selected to the national team. With _30_ and ambition, she began to _31_ at international competitions, winning numerous major _32_. During the campaign _33_ 300 million people in winter sports in China, Zhan