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1、Unit 1 单元语法小专题单元语法小专题 Grammar Focus语法精讲一、介词by的用法1.by表示方式、方法或手段，后接名词或动名词，意为表示方式、方法或手段，后接名词或动名词，意为“使用某物；靠；乘使用某物；靠；乘(车、车、船船)等等”。如：。如：Do you learn English by reading aloud?你通过朗读来学习英语吗？I often go to school by bike.我经常骑自行车去上学。2.by表示时间，意为表示时间，意为“到到时时(为止为止)；在；在以前、不迟于以前、不迟于”。如：。如：I have to go to bed by ten o
2、clock.我必须10点前睡觉。Can you finish your work by nine oclock?你能在9点前完成你的工作吗？3.by表示地点、位置。意为表示地点、位置。意为“靠近；在靠近；在旁边旁边”。如：。如：The boy often reads books by the river.这个男孩经常在河边读书。4.by表示移动的方向。意为表示移动的方向。意为“从从旁边过旁边过”。如：。如：He walked by me without speaking.他从我旁边经过，没有说话。5.by表示根据，意为表示根据，意为“按照按照”。如：如：What time is it by y
3、our watch?你的手表几点了？6.by表示被抓着，被接触身体的某一部分。如：表示被抓着，被接触身体的某一部分。如：She took me by the hand.她拉着我的手。二、动名词用法小结1.动名词在句中作主语动名词在句中作主语(1)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Doing morning exercises is good for our health.做早操对我们的健康有好处。(2)可以用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。如：Getting up early is good for your health.Its good for your health to
4、 get up early.早起对你的健康有益。2.动名词在句中作宾语动名词在句中作宾语动名词在句中作宾语时，一般放在某一及物动词或介词之后充当这一动词或介词的宾语。(1)后接动名词作宾语的及物动词有：finish,enjoy,keep,stand(忍受)，suggest,advise,practice,allow,mind,imagine 等。如：The tourists enjoy staying in Kunming all the year round.游客们喜欢一整年都待在昆明。Do you mind opening the window?你介意开一下窗户吗？(2)动名词作介词的宾语
5、,包括以介词结尾的动词短语，如：give up,take part in,be good at等。如：I know you are good at drawing pictures.我知道你擅长画画。Many young people took part in planting trees on Tree Planting Day.很多年轻人在植树节那天参加植树活动。.选词填空选词填空1.Her mother goes to work_(on/by)bus every morning.2.The two kids practice spoken English_(by/with)joining
6、 the English club.3._(To watch/Watching)movies is a popular way for many people to relax.4.As we know,its not polite to keep others _(wait/waiting)for a long time.5.Jane,come in and sit _(between/by)me.bybyWatchingwaitingby.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6.Do you often memorize new words by_(make)v
7、ocabulary lists?7.Can you finish _(do)your homework before nine oclock?8.Dont worry about _(make)mistakes when you talk to foreigners in English.9._(help)each other at school is a way to improve our friendship.10.We have worked for three hours.Lets stop _(work)and have a rest.makingdoingmakingHelpin
8、gworking.用用by的相关短语完成下列句子，每空一词。的相关短语完成下列句子，每空一词。11.I think the best way to learn English is _ _ _ _(听磁带).12.Henry was sitting over there _ _ _(在窗户旁).13.Shall we go _ _(乘火车)?14.The trees _ _ _(沿河的)are all very tall.15.John is afraid to stay at home _ _ (他自己).by listening to tapes by the windowby train
9、by the riverby himself.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。16.我通过和朋友练习对话的方式来提髙英语。I improve my English_ _ _ with my friends.17.她认为读英语杂志是记生词的最好办法。She thinks _ English magazines is the best way _ _ new words.18.多读有助于提高你的英语水平。_ more _ can help to improve your English.19.他擅长弹吉他。He is good at _ the guitar.20.我看见一些孩子正在爬塔。I saw some children _ the tower.by practicing conversations reading to memorizeDoingreadingplayingclimbing