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1、2023届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解选择题答题技巧讲义 一 专 题 1 9 高考英语阅读理解命题点来源高频句型类型一转折网比强化句式1.Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind,unless they hunt them forfood.Sometimes,however,（wo kinds of animals come together in a partnership（伙伴关系）which doesgood to both of them.You may have noticed some b
2、irds sitting on the backs of sheep.2.The idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange,but thats exactly what motor engineersaredoing in Germany and some other countries.3.Doctors have found that the pears have less internal fat,but the apples have more internal fat thanexternal fat.4
3、.One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information.Quite thereverse.Business,politics,life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfectinformation.5.For about a century,French became the official language of England while Old English beca
4、me thelanguage ofpeasants.（注意强对比的双方：及双方的不同点）6.While most people use little white lies to make life easier,the majority of Americans care about honestyin bothpublic and personal lif e.（前半句与后半句的推测是相反的关系）7.Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer,Davi
5、d doesnot see it that way.8.After the fire,Christopher Wren,the architect,wanted a city with wider streets and fine new house ofstone.Infact,the streets are still narrow,but he did build more than fifty churches,among them the new St.Pauls.（in fact,actually事实上，表示转折）9.The best treatment for fatness i
6、s to reduce the internal fat But unfortunately it seems that dieting simplymakes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear.（unfortunately 不幸地；fortunately 幸运地）10.As a result English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German.In som
7、e cases,modern English even shows a distinction（区另lj）between upper-class French and lower-class第 1 页 共 7 1 页Anglo-Saxon in its words.We even have different words for some foods,meat in particular,depending onwhether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact tha
8、t the Saxonpeasants were doing the farming,while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.（even 表示递进）类型二分类说明（举例/讲好处/讲问题/讲应用/讲特点）There are two types of fat:external fat（fat under skin）and internal fat（fat inside the body wall）.Doctors,whohave been examining（he relationship between health
9、 and fatness,have found that the pears have lessinternal fat,butthe apples have more internal fat than external fat.This seems to be what causes the health problems.类型三原因/结果突出 常用词 匚：because/as/since/for/as a result/cause/make/contributed to/rest on/rest in/marked by/one result/therefore/aimed atLAs
10、I was not experienced in cooking,1 thought if a dozen was good,two dozen would be better,so Idoubled everything.（a s 引导时间状语从句或者原因状语从句）2.For about a century,French became the official language of England while Old English became thelanguage ofpeasants.As a result,English words of Politics and the law
11、 come from French rather than German.3.The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast make the surface shake andsigh as though il were breathing.（cause,make 等表示使动含义的动词）4.Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand fbr environment friendly products havecont
12、ributed to the pollution problem.5.Womens friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support,but mens relationships aremarked by shared activities.（rest on 基于.）6.One result is that millions of tons of glass,paper,plastic,and metal containers are produced,and these aredifficult to get ri
13、d of.（one result 其中的一种结果）7.The major market force rests in the growing Population of white-collar employees.（rest in 在于.）8.the result is no sound.Therefore,by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half awave cycle,we can kill the unwanted noise.（therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）9.The Youth S
14、ummit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of thetwo countries through visits and discussions.（aim at 目标）第2页 共7 1页1().So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future?Here are two reasons.First,unless weremember how short our own lives are compared wi
15、th the whole human history,.Second,by trying toescape from present interests and imagine life far in the future,we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that wecan use ourselves.11.Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted.Careless methods of production and lack ofconsumer demand for environ
16、ment(环境)friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.类型四强调句/倒装句加强表达力度1.It was on October lst,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.2.Where was it that you found your lost pen?3.Down fell the mirror,breaking to piece.4.Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.5.Outside
17、s were two men.类型五 使用 rather(than)/instead/more than/less thanl.With no windows,nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below Oc,it may seem more like a survivaltest than arelaxing hotel break.2.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.3.I n the highly i
18、ndustrialized early-twentieth-century United Stated,however,overproduction rather thanscarcity was becoming a problem.4.Thus,the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.5.From then on,humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few p
19、lants,ratherthan getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild.6.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties.Rather,each person is expected toperform a great variety of tasks,though duties may differ between the sexes.7.Because of the wavelength
20、 of the x-rays used,soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highestresolution possible with electron microscopes.Rather,their special properties will make possibleinvestigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments.8.So there is real cause for concern if
21、 consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensiveorganic foods instead.二 专 题2 1阅读理解之细节理解题第 3 页 共 7 1 页细 节 理 解 题 的 题 型：需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,how inuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2.以是非题的形式。true/false,not true/false或EXCEPT,近年这种题型
22、较少;3.以According to.开头提问方式；4.以填空题的形式，如：(1)To avoid attracting mountain lions,people are a d v i s e d.(2)By the first sentence of the passage author means t hat.(3)It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on.(4)If you are interested in knowing about what peoples life will be,you may vi si t.
23、(5)The policemen were told 44to look the other way”(the underlined part in Paragraph 2)so t hat.(6)The policeman who said“Good evening“to Rolls wanted to.5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就
24、要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法.将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：(1)是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容：(3)与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度词上有些变动：(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；(5)部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细
25、节，在必要的时候(做判断、推断或结论的时候)能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断.此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。题型一描写类细节题第4页 共7 1页考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想
26、感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过 程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。【典例示例】【全国卷I,BFor Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue,N.Y.today is speech day,and right now its Chris Palaezsturn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes,he seems like
27、the of kid who would enjoy publicspeaking.But hes,nervous.Im here to tell you today why you should.should Chris trips on the-Id,a.pronunciationdifficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley.is next to him,whisperingsupport/4.Vote fbr.me Except for some stumbles,Chris is do
28、ing amazingly well.When he brings his speech toa nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants,Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls（回想起）how atthebeginning of the year,when called upon to read,Chris would excuse himself to
29、 go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who letsyoumake mistakes.uIt takes a lot for any student,“Whaley explains ”especially fbr a student who is learning English astheir new language,to feel confident enough to say I do
30、nt know,but I want to know.Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day toraisetheir hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project isaboutmore than just learning to read and speak
31、in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.“Boasting about yourself and your best qualities,5,Whaley says,“is very difficult fbr a child who came into theclassroom not feeling confident/24.What made Chris nervous?A.Telling a story.B.Making a speech.C.Taking a test.D.Answerin
32、g a question.【语篇解读】本文属广记叙文，讲 述 Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。24.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段today is speech d ay和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes,he seems likethe kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking.以及第二段第,句 But he s nervous,可知,Chris 眼睛黑亮,似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故 选 Bo第5页 共7 1页题型二
33、信息寻找题、广告阅读题 广告类阅读题的五大特点1 .材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活2 .内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。3 .形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容（产品或服务等）买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。4 .用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有 三多 特
34、点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。5 .命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。*信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。*广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻
35、找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法（1）补全成分法省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：D r iv e r w a n t e d.根据文义，可将该句补充为：A d r iv e rw il l b e w a n t
36、 e d.（招聘一名司机）。（2）联想推测法在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。常见的缩写词有：T e l.=ie l e p h o n e n u m b e r c o.=c o m p a n yM in=m in im u mP h.=p h o n e L t d=L im it e dh r=h o u rA d d (r).=a d d r e ss M a x=m a x im u mt=t im e第6页 共7 1页fig=figuren=northaft=afterft=
37、fbotw=westad=advertisementml=mileSta=Stationp/t=part timedoz=dozenpop=popularexp=experiencedMt=Mountainvs=versusPC=personal computerP=pageXmas=ChristmasMA=Master of Artsprof.=professorinfo=informationBS degree=bachclor,s degree（学士Dr.=doctorVIP=very important persons学位）s=southhrs=hours【典例示例】【北京卷，AWan
38、t io explore new cultures meet new people and do something worthwhile al the same time?You can do allthethree with Global Development Association（GDA）.Whatever stage of life youre at,wherever you go and whateverproject you do in GDA youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community（社区）.We
39、 work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds.Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.Now we needvolunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.We have such roles as project managers,mountain leaders,and communication officers.Dependi
40、ng on which role you choose,you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water,orhelp to protect valuable local cultures.You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally,youll also learn new sk
41、ills and increase yourcultural awareness.You may have chances to meet new people wholl become your lifelong friends.This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:CountrySchedule4-week programmes7-week programmesAlgeria5 Jul.1 1 Aug.20 Jun.1 7 Aug.Egypt24 Jul20 Aug.19 Jun.6 Aug.Kenya20 Jul.一1
42、6 Aug.18 Jun.5 Aug.South Africa2 Aug.一29 Aug.15 Jun.1 2 Aug.GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed.All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.第 7 页 共 7 1 页There is no other chance like a GDA prog
43、ramme.Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skillswhile bringing benefits to the communities.Find out more about joining a GDA programme:Website:mvvv,glodeve.orgEmai Uiumanresourcesglodeve.org31.What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A.To seek local partners B.To take in
44、young volunteersC.To carry out programmes D.To foster cultural awareness32.The programme beginning in August will operate in.A.Egypt B.Algeria C.Kenya D.South Afria33.The shared goal of GDAs projects to.A.explore new cultures B.protect the environment C.gain corporate benefit D.help communities in n
45、eed【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，这是一篇招聘忐愿者的广告。31.C【解析】细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中Depending on which role youchoose,you could help to increase.,or help to project.You might also design.可知,根据岗位不同，管理人员可以 帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者,从这些内容上可以判断出其主要职责是执行项目计划。故 选Co32.D【解析】细节理解题。题下问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。根据这个表 格 中4-wee
46、k programmes中 的 最 后 一个，可知答案选Do33.D【解析】细节理解题。题 干 问G DA的所有项目的共同目的是什么。根据倒数第二段中All our projects aimto promote the development of poor and remote communities可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮 助有需要的小区。故 选Do题型三数据计算题关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按 一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，
47、化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算 法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。【典例示例】【北京卷，B Inspiring young minds!61.How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?A.55.B.60.C.65.D.70.第8页 共7 1页TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of childrens publishing,bringing a u
48、nique combination ofW hats inside?Every month the magazine introduces afresh new topic with articles,experimentsand creative things to make the magazinealso explores philosophy and wellbeing to makesure young readers have a balanced take on life.challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every mon
49、thW hat is so special about TOKNOW magazine?Well,it has no ads or promotions inside-instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas.iOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive andaccessible to children,who can become involvedin advanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）and they will soon discover that TOKNOWfe
50、els more like a club than just a magazine.Sounds too good to be true?Take a look online一evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it andrecommend TOKNOW to their friends.Happy Birthday All ear!What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through th