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1、2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海高考英语模拟试卷2I.Listening comprehension略IL Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word;fbr
2、 the other blanks,use one word thatbest fits each blank.Cats are actually surprisingly bad at catching ratsIf you are annoyed by rats,think twice about getting a cat.A cat might lead tothe appearance of a rat-free home,but it turns out that the rats are still there.They arejust keeping a low profile
3、.Cats are not the natural enemy of rats/says Michael Parsons of FordhamUniversity,New York.nThey prefer smaller prey.”His team(21)(study)a rat colony at a recycling plant in New York inthe past few years.When cats moved into the plant last year,the researchers weredisappointed,but decided to set up
4、cameras(22)(monitor)the area.Over five months,they saw just three attempts by cats to catch rats,only two of(23)succeeded.Cats have good reasons to be cautious.The common rat has large teeth that can give apainful bite and carry lots of diseases.They also(24)(weigh)340 grams onaverage 一 compared wit
5、h 25 grams fbr a mouse.Parsons thinks that only starving cats will attempt to catch rats,(25)therats are sick or injured.The two rats(26)(kill)during the team*s study mayhave been weakened by eating poisoned food,he says.However,cats do have a big influence on rat behaviour.nRats overestimate theris
6、k caused by cats,“says Parsons.His team found that when cats are in the area,ratsspend much more time in(27)(hide)and move around cautiously.Thatmeans they are much less likely to be seen by people,which could explain(28)most people wrongly think cats are good at killing rats.Some cat owners may(29)
7、(convince)their pets are excellent ratters.ButParsons has found that many people mistake mice（30）rats.That said,it ispossible there are a few exceptional cats that do take on healthy,adult rats,he says.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each wordcan only
8、 be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.contributors B.describing C.distinct D.favorites E.invitationsF.limitsG.name H.pleasurable L recall J.unexploredK.usefulThe unique joy of learning new wordsWith all that*s happening in the news,life can feel like an exercise indeterminin
9、g the particular kind of bad we are experiencing.Are we anxious ordepressed?Lonely or stressed?Tim Lomas,a senior lecturer in positive psychology at the University of EastLondon,is engaged in the opposite effort:analyzing all the types of well-being that hecan find.Specifically,Lomas is seeking to u
10、ncover psychological insights bycollecting untranslatable words that describe 31 feelings we don*t haveterms fbr in English.Its almost like each one is a window onto a new landscape/Lomas says.So far,with the help of many 32 he has collected nearly1,000 in what he calls a positive lexicography（词 典学）
11、People are fascinated with untranslatable words in part because they are33:How else could we talk to each other about the guilty pleasure ofschadenfreude?But Lomas also sees them as a means of showing us”newpossibilities fbr ways of living,describing them as 34 for people toexperience happy phenomen
12、a that may previously have been hidden from them”orto take delight in feelings they couldn*t previously 35.Consider theJapanese ohanami,a word fbr gathering with others to appreciate lowers.Linguists（语言学家）have long argued about how much the language wespeak-partly determined by factors like geograph
13、y and climate36 thethoughts we are capable of having or the actions we can take.The worlds in whichdifferent societies live are 37 worlds,not merely the same world withdifferent labels attached/wrote the theorist Edward Sapir.Studying the words in Lomas*collection,at the least,is a means of reflecti
14、ng onways that we can feel good.When asked fbr one of his 38.thepsychologist lists the German Femweh,which describes a longing to travel to distantlands,a kind of homesickness fbr the 39.Also delightful is the Danishm o rg e n fris k,40 the satisfaction one gets from a good nights sleep,andthe Latin
15、 otium,highlighting the joy of being in control of one*s own time.IIL Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrasesmarked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.Most forms of conventional adv
16、ertising一print,radio and broadcasttelevisionhave been losing ground to online ads fbr years;only billboards,datingback to the 1800s,and TV ads are holding their own.Such out-of-home advertising,as it is known,is expected to 41 by 3.4%in 2022,and digital out-of-home(DOOH)advertising,which includes th
17、e LCD screens found in airports andshopping malls,by 16%.Such ads draw viewers5 attention from phones and cannotbe skipped or 42,unlike ads online.Billboard owners are also 43 the location data that are pouring offpeoples smartphones.Information about their owners*locations and online browsinggets c
18、ollected and sold to media owners.They then use these data to work out whendifferent groups 一”business travellers,say walk by their ads.That 44is added to insights into traffic,weather and other external data to produce highlyrelevant ads.DOOH 45 can deliver ads fbr coffee when it is cold and iced d
19、rinkswhen it is warm.Such 46 works particularly well when it is accompanied by“programmatic”advertising methods,a term that describes the use of data to automateand improve ads.In the past year billboard owners such as Clear Channel andjcDecaux have 47 programmatic platforms which allow brands and m
20、ediabuyers to select,purchase and place ads in minutes,rather than days or weeks.It issaid that outdoor ads will increasingly be bought like online ones,based on audienceand views as well as 48.That is possible because billboard owners claim to be able to 49how well their ads are working,even though
21、 no click-through”rates are involved.Data firms can tell advertisers how many people walk past individual advertisementsat particular times of the day.Advertisers can estimate how many individuals50 to an ad for a handbag then go on to visit a nearby shop(or website)and buy the product.Such metrics
22、make outdoor ads more 51-driven,automated and measurable,argues Michael Provenzano,co-fbunder of Vistar Media,an ad-tech firm in New York.However,the outdoor-ad revolution is not 52-free.The collection ofmobile-phone data raises privacy concerns.And 53 of the online-adbusiness for being vague,and oc
23、casionally dishonest,may also be targeted at theOOH business as it becomes bigger and more complex.The industry is ready to54 such concerns,says Jean-Christophe Conti,chief executive ofVIOOH,amedia-buying platform.One of the 55 of following the online-ad pioneers,he notes,is learning from their mist
24、akes.41.A.shrinkB.growC.disappearD.emerge42.A.obtainedB.blockedC.separatedD.arranged43.A.making progress inB.getting engaged inC.becoming part ofD.taking advantage of44.A.valueB.recordC.knowledgeD.feeling45.A.opponentsB.providersC.learnersD.instructors46.A.addingB.collectingC.targetingD.producing47.
25、A.changedB.forbiddenC.clearedD.launched48.A.marketingB.evolutionC.locationD.branding49.A.measureB.wonderC.noticeD.forget50.A.devotedB.opposedC.relatedD.exposed5LA.conceptB.dataC.customerD.research52.A.stressB.conflictC.injuryD.problem53.A.aspectsB.demandsC.criticismsD.details54.A.addressB.shareC.ref
26、lectD.emphasize55.A.benefitsB.difficultiesC.challengesD.conditionsSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the info
27、rmation given in thepassage you have just read.(A)Kim Hyo Jin,a shy junior high school student,stood before her American teacher.The smiling teacher held up a green pepper(青椒)and asked in clear English:Whatis this?”“Peemang!”answered the South Korean teenager,who then covered her mouthwith a hand as
28、 if to stoptoo late-the Korean word that had left her mouth.Embarrassed,she tried again.Without looking the teacher in the eye,she heldboth her hands out and asked,this time in English:May I have green pepper?Kim took the vegetable with a bow,and ran back to her classmates,feelingrelieved that she h
29、ad successfully taken a small first step toward overcoming whatSouth Koreans consider one of their biggest weaknesses in global competitiveness:the fear of speaking in English to westerners.Kim was among 300 junior high school students going through a weeklongtraining in this new English Village”.Th
30、e complex looks like a mini-towntransplanted from a European country to this South Korean countryside.It has its ownimmigration office,city hall,bookstore,cafeteria,gym.a main street with Westernstorefronts,police officers and a live-in population of 160 native English speakers.Allsigns are in Engli
31、sh,the only language allowed.Here,on a six-day course that charges each student 80,000 won,or$82,pupilscheck in to ahotel,shop,take cooking lessons and make music videos一all in English.There arelanguage policemen around,punishing students speaking Korean with a fine in thevillage currency or red dot
32、s on their village passports.South Korea has become one of the most aggressive countries in Asia at teachingEnglish to its citizens.Outside the school system,parents are paying an estimated 10trillion won a year to help their children learn English at home or abroad.Nevertheless,many college graduat
33、es are afraid of chatting with native speakers.That,linguists say,is a result of a national school system that traditionally stresses readingand memorization of English grammar and vocabulary at the expense of conversation.In Korea University of Seoul,30 percent of all classes are now in English.Spe
34、aking English with a native accent has become a status symbol.56.What was Kim Hyo Jins problem?A.She spoke English with a Korean accent,B.She dared not talk with westerners in English.C.She was afraid of looking at the English teacher.D.She kept staying with her Korean classmates.57.Which of the fol
35、lowing is true of the English Village1 1?A.It is located in a European country.B.It houses 460 Korean students in a week.C.Students will be punished for not speaking English.D.Students take turns to serve as language policemen.58.What can be learned about the way that Korean students learn English a
36、t school?A.There arent enough English classes given to students.B.Students dont have enough chance to practise speaking.C.Emphasis is placed on students*ability to communicate.D.Grammar and vocabulary is taught by old-fashioned methods.59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
37、?A.Lefs Read in EnglishB.English as a Global LanguageC.A Hunger for English LessonsD.Change in Koreans*Attitude to English(B)The livelihood of each species depends on the existences of other organisms.This interdependence is sometimes vague,sometimes obvious.Perhaps the moststraightforward dependenc
38、e of one species on another occurs with parasites,organisms that live on or in other living things and get nutrients directly from them.The parasitic way of life is widespread,A number of micro-organisms(includingviruses and bacteria)and an army of invertebrates(无脊椎动物)make their livingsdirectly at t
39、he expense of other creatures.In the face of this attack,living things haveevolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion byother organisms.Certain fungi(真菌)and even some kinds of bacteria release substances known asantibiotics into their external environment.These
40、 substances are capable of killing orpreventing the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area,thuseliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients.The same principle is used indefense against invaders in other groups of organisms.For example,when attacked bydisease-causing f
41、ungi or bacteria,many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help tofight off the invaders.Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanismsfor dealing with parasites.Although these mechanisms vary considerably,all majorgroups of animals are capable of detecting and reacti
42、ng to the presence of foreign”cells.In fact,throughout the animal kingdom,there is evidence that transplants ofcells or parts of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from closelyrelated individuals.The ability to distinguish between selF and nnonself,while present in all animals,is
43、most efficient among vertebrates,which have developed an immune system as theirdefense mechanism.The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreigninvaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.6O.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.How organisms react to invaders.
44、B.How parasites reproduce themselves.C.How antibiotics work to cure disease.D.How the immune systems of vertebrates developed.61.According to the passage,some organisms produce antibiotics in order toA.aid digestionB.fight off other organismsC.prevent disease in humansD.create new types of nutrients
45、62.According to the passage,the ability to distinguish between self and nonselfenables vertebrates to.A.get rid of antibioticsB.accept transplanted cellsC.detect and react to invasionD.weaken their immune system(C)As Frans de Waal,a primatologist（灵长动物学家），recognizes,a better way tothink about other c
46、reatures would be to ask ourselves how different species havedeveloped different kinds of minds to solve different adaptive problems.Surely theimportant question is not whether animals can do the same things humans can,buthow those animals solve the cognitive（认矢口的）problems they face,like how toimita
47、te the sea floor.Children and some animals are so interesting not because theyare smart like us,but because they are smart in ways we havent even considered.Sometimes studying childrens ways of knowing can cast light on adult-humancognition.Childrens pretend play may help us understand our adult tas
48、te fbr fiction.De Waal s research provides another interesting example.We human beings tend tothink that our social relationships are rooted in our perceptions,beliefs,and desires,and our understanding of the perceptions,beliefs,and desires of others-whatpsychologists call our ntheory of mind.In the
49、 80s and 90s,developmentalpsychologists showed that preschoolers and even infants understand minds apart fromtheir own.But it was hard to show that other animals did the same.nTheory of mind”became a candidate fbr the special,uniquely human trick.Yet de WaaFs studies show that chimps（黑 猩 猩）possess a
50、 remarkablydeveloped political intelligencethey are much interested in figuring out socialrelationships.It turns out,as de Waal describes,that chimps do infer something aboutwhat other chimps see.But experimental studies also suggest that this happens only ina competitive political context.The evolu