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1、2021年天津市高考英语总复习：阅读理解1.As doctors and nurses struggle fbr medical supplies to fight the coronavirus pandemic,help iscoming from an unlikely place-high school students.The Career Technical Education Charter（CTEC）High School,US,has been utilizing（利用）its nine 3D printers to make face shields（防护面罩）for he
2、althcare workers on thefrontline.Face masks have been particularly challenging to find across the US since theoutbreak.Gavin Newsom,Governor of the Stale of California,announced recently that thestate is set to spend$1 billion（about 7 billion yuan）to purchase 200 million masks eachmonth to boost its
3、 supply.Valerie Castro,16,a CTEC sophomore,is part of a team of teachers and students whocame up with design tweaks（改进）that cut almost 30 minutes off the time it takes to build aface shield.“Thats what makes this school kind of different,n she said.Even though all these badthings are happening,were
4、able to make an impact positively.Its like leaving your littlemark on the w orld.Makerbot,a New York-based company that makes 3D printers,has also helped CTECto maximize the building process.Theyve been churning out（大量生产）nearly 100 shields each day,and thatproduction rate is set to triple as 20 more
5、 3D printers come online at the school.CTEC staff and students have provided masks to hospitals,dentists,urgent care centersand retirement homes in Fresno County and the surrounding areas in California.I was shocked,”Stacy Vbhra told school staff in a video.We were so thrilled to havethe donation fr
6、om CTEC.This is something that weve been needing.”The entire staff has switched from daily teaching to face shield production,said JonathanDelano,director of CTEC.When the new 3D printers arrive,some of them will go to students1 houses so kids canhelp with the hands-on process,Delano said.Thats how
7、we get through these things,Delano said.Our high school focuses on第1页 共4 3页giving back to the community.Students should know the skills they hold can have an impacton a community.(1)What sets The Career Technical Education Charter High School apart,according toCastro?DA.They joined healthcare worker
8、s on the frontline.B.They donated about 200 million masks in a month.C.They designed a more protective face shield.D.They made a difference in such difficult times.(2)According to Paragraph 7,what will happen when they triple their production rate?_ CA.They will get 20 more 3D printers from Makerbot
9、.B.They will produce a face shield in less than 30 minutes.C.They will be able to produce about 300 face shields every day.D.They will start to sell their face shields on their schools website.(3)What does Delano think of CTECs face shield production?CA.It has boosted the supply of masks in Los Ange
10、les.B.It has interrupted the schoofs daily teaching.C.It reminds the students of the value of their skills.D.It challenges students to handle 3D printers by themselves.(4)What is the text mainly about?DA.Teenagers helping design and produce face masks.B.3D printing technology being used to produce f
11、ace masks.C.Donations from high schools to fight the pandemic.D.A high school making contributions by producing face shields.【解答】(1 )D.细节理解题。根据第五段中Castro说的话 Thats what makes this school kindof different,she said.Even though all these bad things are happening,were able to makean impact positively.Its
12、 like leaving your littet mark on the word.可知，她说，“那使得这所学校如此与众不同，虽然所有这些糟糕的事情正在发生，但是我们能够积极地产生影响。那就像在这个世界上留下你小小的印记一样。”由此可见，这所学校的师生在如此困难的时期起到了重要的作用，使得这个学校如此与众不同。结合选项可知选项D 正确。第2页 共4 3页(2)C.细节理解题。根据第七段Theyve been churning out(大 生 产)nearly 100 shieldseach day,and that production rate is set to triple as 20
13、 more 3D printers come online at theschool.”可知，他们一直以来每天大量生产将近100个防护面置，随着20多台3D打印机在这所学校上线，生产率被设为3 倍。由此可见，当他们的生产率设定为原来3 倍时，他们将能够每天生产大约300个防护面罩。结合选项可知，选项C 正确。(3)C.细节理解题。由最后一段 Delano 说的第二句Students should know the skills theyhold can have an impact on a community.”可知，学生应该知道他们掌握的技能可以对社区产生影响。由此可见，Delano认为C
14、TEC防护面罩的生产能让学生知道他们技能的价值。结合选项可知，选项C 正确。(4)D.主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，iSThe Career Technical Education Charter(CTEC)High School,US,has been utilizing(利 用)its nine 3D printers to make faceshields(防 护 面 罩)for healthcare workers on the frontline.”表达的是 CTEC 高中一直利用它的9 台 3D打印机给前线的医疗工作者制造防护面罩。第七段They,e been churningou
15、t(大量生产)nearly 100 shields each day,and that production rate is set to triple as 20more 3D printers come online at the school.”表达的是他们一直以来每天大生产将近100个防护面罩,随着20多台3D打印机在这所学校上线,生产率被设为3 倍。和最后一段 Thafshow we get through these things,u Delano said.nOur high school focuses on giving back to thecommunity.Studen
16、ts should know the skills they hold can have an impact on a communty.”表达的是哪就是我们如何完成这些事情的，Delano说，“我们高中关注的是回馈社会。学生应该知道他们掌握的技能能够对社会做出影响”。由此可见，本文一开始直接表明了CTEC高中这所学校制造防护面置给医疗工作者，紧接着文章具体介绍这所学校如何生产，最后升华到生产防护面具的目的是回馈社会。全文都是在讲这所学校生产防护面罩做贡献。结合选项可知，选项D 正确。2.LONDON(Reuters)-Organic fruit,delivered right to the
17、doorstep.That is what GabrielGold prefers,and he is willing to pay for it.If this is not possible,the 26-year-oldcomputer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket buying organic food.Organic product is always better,Gold said.The food is free of pesticides(杀虫剂)，and you are generally
18、supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often thannot it is locally grown and seasonal,so it is tasty.Gold is one of the growing number ofshoppers buying intoth。organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are depending on more第3页 共4 3页like him as they grow their organic food busine
19、ss.But how many shoppers really know whatthey are getting,and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic product?Marketresearch shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons fbrtheir preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.F
20、or example,small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic product.And about three quarters oforganic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand.The demand fororganic food is increasing by about one third every year,so it is a very fast-growing market,“said Sue Flock,a speci
21、alist in this line of business.(1)More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because C.A.they are getting richerB.they can get the food anywhereC.they consider the food free of pollutionD.they like home-grown fruit(2)Which of the following statements is TRUE about most organic product s
22、old in Britain?BA.It grows indoors throughout the year.B.It is produced outside Britain.C.It is grown on family farms.D.It is produced on large farms.(3)What is the meaning of the underlined words the organic trend in the second paragraph?AA.Growing interest in organic food.B.Better quality of organ
23、ic foodC.Rising market for organic food.D.Higher prices of organic food.(4)What is the best title for this news story?DA.Good qualities of organic food.B.The making of organic food in Britain.C.Organic food-to import or not?第4页 共4 3页D.Organic food-healthy,or just for the wealthy?【解答】（1）C.细节理解题.根据第二段
24、的The food is free of pesticides（农药），and youare generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.这种食物不含杀虫剂J,你通常支持家庭农场而不是大型农场.”可知，越来越多的英国人购买有机食品，因为他们认为这种食品没有污染.故选C.（2）B.细节理解题.根据第二段的And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is notlocal but imported to meet growing demand.英国大约四分之三的有机食品
25、不是本地的，而是进口的，以满足日益增长的需求.”可知，英国出售的大部分有机产品是在英国以外生 产.故 选 B.（3）A.词义猜测题.A.对有机食品越来越感兴趣；B.有机食品质量更好；C.有机食品市场的增长；D.有机食品价格上涨.根据第二段的Gold is one of a growing numberof shoppers accepting theorganic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on morelike him as they grow their organic food business.越来越多的购物者
26、接受了有机食品的趋势,戈尔德就是其中之一，随着有机食品业务的发展，英国各地的超市越来越依赖像他这样的人.可知，the organic trend”指的是在有机食品方面不断增长的兴趣.故选A.（4）A.标题归纳题.A.有机食品-健康还是只为富人所有？B.英国有机食品的制作.C.有机食品-进口还是不进口？D.有机食品的优良品质.根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了有机食品是健康的，但价格更高，在英国人们对于有机食品的需求量正在增长，有机食品是一个增长非常快的市场.故选A.3.Loneliness hurts.It is psychologically distressing and so physic
27、ally unhealthy that beinglonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent.But psychologists think ithurts so much because,like hunger and thirst,loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.On March 26,just as the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the world,researchers fromthe Massachusetts I
28、nstitute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv.It is the first study inhumans to show that both loneliness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain thatgoverns very basic impulses for reward and motivation.So,our need to connect isapparently as fundamental as our need to eat.The resea
29、rchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI）to compare brainresponses to loneliness and hunger.40 adult participants underwent a 10-hour sessiondepriving（剥夺）them of food and another 10-hour session denying them social第5页 共4 3页contact.Both sessions served as a control（对照）condition for each
30、 other.The social-isolation condition was challenging to arrange.Some people are lonely in acrowd,while others enjoy solitude To induce（弓 I 起）not just objective isolation but subjectivefeelings of loneliness,the researchers had the participants spend their time from 9A.M.to7 P.M.in a room at the lab
31、oratory without phones,laptops or even novels in case fictionalcharacters provided some social support.Puzzles were allowed,as was preapprovednonfiction reading or writing.Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called the substantia nigra,a center ofdopamine（多巴胺）release involved with motivati
32、on and desire.The dopaminergicresponse shows a strong wanting.In the scanner,participants saw images of their preferredforms of social interaction and of their favorite foods,as well as a control image offlowers.It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they hadbeen
33、deprived of.The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects self-reports ofhow hungry or lonely they were,though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.Finally,the researchers used machine learning to confirm their findings.A softwareclassifier trained to recognize neural patte
34、rns during fasting（斋戒）proved able to recognizesimilar neural patterns from the social-isolation condition even thoughit had never seenthem.So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two states.Even before the COVID-19 pandemic,an obvious next question for the work waswhet
35、her different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection.Thoseresearchers were never able to get funding for such a study.But now it seems they will.（1）The report posted on March 26 C.A.is based on the social-isolation condition during the pandemicB.is the first study on the
36、effect of loneliness on human beingsC.reflects the similarity between loneliness and hungerD.shows human need for reward and motivation（2）What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?BA.Why inducing feelings of loneliness was challenging.B.How loneliness was created among participants.第6页 共4 3页C.Why participant
37、s were denied access to phones.D.How researchers compared brain responses.(3)We can infer that participants substantia nigra showed A response(s)to the imageof flowers.A.littleB variousC.strongD.consistent(4)What does the underlined it in Paragraph 6 refer to?DA.The neural signature.B.Fasting.C.Mach
38、ine learning.D.The classifier.【解答】(1)C.细节理解题。根据第一段中 But psychologists think it hurts so much because,like hunger and thirst,loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.可知但心理学家认为它之所以如此痛苦，是因为像饥饿和口渴一样，孤独就像一个生理上的警钟一样，给人敲响了生理上的警钟。由此可知，这份发表于3 月2 6 日的报告反映了孤独和饥饿之间的相似性。故选C.(2)B.段落大意题。根据第四段中 Some people are lo
39、nely in a crowd,while others enjoysolitude To induce not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness,theresearchers had the participants spend their time from 9 A.M.to 7 P.M.in a room at thelaboratory without phones,laptops or even novels in case fictional characters provided some
40、social support.Puzzles were allowed,as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.可知有些人在人群中是孤独的，而另一些人则喜欢孤独，为了诱发不只是客观上的孤独感，而是主观上的孤独感，研究人员让参与者在实验室的一个房间里度过他们的时间，从早上 9 点到晚上7 点，没有电话、笔记本电脑甚至小说，以备虚构人物提供一些社会支持。拼图是允许的，因为是预先批准的非小说阅读或写作。由此可知，第四段主旨大意是参与者之间如何产生孤独感。故选B.(3)A.推理判断题。根据第五段中 In the scanner,particip
41、ants saw images of their prefeiTedforms of social interaction and of their favorite foods,as well as a control image of flowers.It第7页 共4 3页was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprivedof.The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects self-
42、reports of how hungry orlonely they were,though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.nJ矢口在扫描仪中，参与者看到的是他们喜欢的社交形式和他们最喜欢的食物的图象，以及鲜花的控制图象。然后发现，黑质体只对被剥夺的东西的线索作出反应。该反应的大小与受试者的自我报告的饥饿或孤独程度相关，尽管饥饿感持续较强。结合上文可知参与者是没有花的，由此可推知，参与者的黑质体对花的形象几乎没有反应。A.little几乎没有；B.various各种各样的；C.strong强壮的；D.consistent
43、一致的。故选A.（4）D.代词指代题。根据上文 A software classifier trained to recognize neural patternsduring fasting proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social-isolationcondition可知事实证明，经过训练的软件分类器能够识别禁食期间的神经模式，尽管它（软件分类器）从未“看到”过类似的神经模式，但它还是能够识别出社会隔离状态下的类似神经模式。由此可知，it指代是上文中的”软件分类器二故选D.4.Dolphin（海 月 豕
44、）or not a dolphin?That is the question!You see,there are several typesof dolphins.Some are saltwater dolphins while others are river dolphins.“What are the 32 types of dolphins?When people are asking the question,they areactually referring to the saltwater dolphins in oceans and seas.The river dolph
45、ins living infresh water are not included in these species（物种）.But what would be the answer in thiscase if we ask,Dolphin or not a dolphin?The answer would obviously be yes.Riverdolphins still belong to the dolphin family.Among the 32 types of dolphins,some do not actually wear the word dolphin0 in
46、theirnames,such as the tucuxi,while others actually have the word whale1 as part of their nameseven if they are not whales but in fact,belong to the dolphin family,for example,the melon-headed whale and the killer whale.So what would be the answer to the question dolphinor not a dolphin?”in these ca
47、ses?It would be yes.Al!these species do belong to thedolphin family.Another question that people ask is,Are the sea animals that perform at aquariums（水族馆）all dolphins?So,it always seems to come back to the question,Dolphin or not adolphin?”Well the answer is no in this case.The sea animals that perf
48、orm there are not alldolphins.The beluga which people tend to think belong to the dolphin family because they第8页 共4 3页show what seems like a smile,like most dolphins,are in fact a species of the whale family.Now that you read these facts about dolphins,you probably realize that certain seaanimals ma
49、y appear to be part of the dolphin species and that others seem to be part of thewhale family but in either case,it is not obvious and can be surprising when you identify a seaanimal as being a dolphin or not a dolphin.That is the question!(1)Which of the following actually belongs to the whale fami
50、ly?BA.The tucuxi.B.The beluga.C.The killer whale.D.The melon-headed whale.(2)What do we know about the majority of the dolphins?BA.They perform for audience.B.They appear friendly.C.They look like whales.D.They live in fresh water.(3)What paragraph could be added about dolphins before the last parag