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1、 A bs t r a c t D i g i t a l t w i n,w i t h e m e r g i n g p o t e n t i a l 6 t h g e n e r a t i o n(6 G)t e c h n o l o g y,c a n b e a n e w d r i v i n g f o r c e f o r 6 G.I t c a n b e n e f i tw i d e l y i n t h e s c e n a r i o s o f n e t w o r k s,i n d u s t r y,a g r i c u l t u r
2、 a l a n dh u m a n b o d i e s.D i g i t a l t w i n t e c h n o l o g y i s a n o r g a n i c c o m b i n a t i o no f m a n y s u p p o r t i n g t e c h n o l o g i e s.M o r e o v e r,s o m e s o l u t i o n s t o t h ea d o p t i o n o f d i g i t a l t w i n a r e p r e s e n t e d,s u c h a
3、s m o b i l e n e t w o r k,i n t e l l i g e n t t r a n s p o r t a t i o n,a n d I n t e r n e t o f t h i n g s(I o T).I n t e n t a w a r ed i g i t a l t w i n 6 G n e t w o r k s c a n b e a f u l l l i f e-c y c l e s o l u t i o n,d r i v e nb y t h e k n o w l e d g e g r a p h.K e y w o r
4、 d s:d i g i t a l t w i n，6 G，D i g i t a l t w i n 6 G n e t w o r k s.T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s1.O ve r vi e w.11.1.H i s t or y of D i g i t a l T w i n.11.2.C ur r e nt R e s e a r c he s on D i g i t a l T w i n.21.3.D i g i t a l T w i n+6G F us i on a nd D e ve l opm e nt.42.A p p l i c
5、at i on S c e n ar i os of D i gi t al T w i n i n 6G.52.1.T w i n N e t w or k.52.2.T w i n I n dus t r y.62.3.T w i n A gr i c ul t ur e.62.4.T w i n C i t y.72.5.T w i n B ody.83.K e y T e c h n ol ogi e s of D i gi t al T w i n.93.1.T e c hni c a l F r a m e w or k of D i g i t a l T w i n.93.2.
6、M a i n S uppor t i ng T e c hnol og i e s f or D i g i t a l T w i n.1 14.D i gi t al T w i n S ol u t i on f or 6G.134.1.D i g i t a l T w i n N e t w or k f or 6G.134.1.1.L i f e c y c l e T w i n N e t w or k.134.1.2.K now l e dge-dr i ve n T w i n N e t w or k C ont r ol.184.1.3.I n t e nt-D r
7、i ve n T w i n N e t w or k M a na ge m e nt.264.1.4.T e r m i na l s da t a-r e l a t e d s uppor t i ng t e c hnol ogi e s.324.2.O t he r A ppl i c a t i ons of t he D i g i t a l T w i n.334.2.1.S m a r t T r a ns por t a t i on.334.2.2.I o T.424.2.3.U E T w i n.475.D e ve l op m e n t P r os p e
8、 c t of D i gi t al T w i n.52A c k n ow l e d ge m e n t s.53R e f e r e n c e s.53A b b r e vi at i on s.5511.O v e r v i e w1.1.H i s t o r y o f D i g i t a l T w i nT he t w i n c onc e pt w a s or i g i na t e d f r om N A S A i n i t s A pol l o pr og r a m i n 1970.N A S A a t t e m pt e d t
9、 o c r e a t e a m i r r or s y s t e m t o m oni t or phy s i c a l s pa c e s t ha t a r e nota c c e s s i bl e t o pe opl e,t ha t i s,t o bui l d t w o i de nt i c a l s pa c e f l i g ht ve hi c l e s,one l a unc he dt o t he s pa c e f or m i s s i ons a nd one l e f t on t he E a r t h(m i r
10、 r or s y s t e m)t o r e f l e c t t hew or ki ng s t a t e of t he ve hi c l e i n s pa c e s o t ha t e ng i ne e r s c oul d a na l y z e a nd ha ndl ee m e r g e nc i e s oc c ur r e d i n s pa c e 1.F or e x a m pl e,by s i m ul a t i on of t he m i r r or s y s t e m,a s t r ona ut s w e r e
11、i ns t r uc t e d t o r e bui l d oxy ge n t a nks t ha t e x pl ode d i n out e r s pa c e 2.T he s e t w o s pa c e c r a f t w e r e r e a l phy s i c a l e nt i t i e s.I n 2002,P r of e s s or G r i e ve s of t he U ni ve r s i t y of M i c hi g a n f or t he f i r s t t i m epr opos e d t he i
12、 de a of D i g i t a l T w i n(D T)i n t he c our s e of P r oduc t L i f e c y c l eM a na ge m e nt.L a t e r he e l a bor a t e d i n a w hi t e pa pe r 3 t ha t t he di g i t a l t w i n w a s m a i nl yc om pos e d of t hr e e pa r t s:phy s i c a l obj e c t s,vi r t ua l obj e c t s,a nd i nf
13、 or m a t i on f l owbe t w e e n phy s i c a l obj e c t s a nd vi r t ua l obj e c t s,a s s how n i n F i g ur e 1.I n 2003,F r m l i ngpr opos e d a n a ge nt-ba s e d s y s t e m s t r uc t ur e w he r e e a c h pr oduc t w a s a s s oc i a t e d w i t h avi r t ua l c ount e r pa r t or a ge n
14、t,a nd t he a ge nt ke pt pa c e w i t h t he phy s i c a l c ount e r pa r t vi at he I nt e r ne t f or a one-t o-one c or r e s ponde nc e be t w e e n t he di g i t a l t w i n a nd t he phy s i c a lt w i n(bi j e c t i on)4.F i g u r e 1 D i g i t a l T w i n M o d e l P r o p o s e d b y G r
15、i e v e sI n 2010,t he t e r m D i g i t a l T w i n w a s of f i c i a l l y us e d by N A S A i n i t s t e c hni c a lr e por t a nd de f i ne d a s a n i nt e g r a t e d m ul t i-phy s i c s,m ul t i-s c a l e,pr oba bi l i s t i c2s i m ul a t i on of a ve hi c l e or s y s t e m 5.I n 2012,N
16、A S A a nd t he U.S.A i r F or c e j oi nt l ypubl i s he d a pa pe r on t he di g i t a l t w i n,poi nt i ng out t ha t t he di g i t a l t w i n w oul d be oneof t he ke y t e c hnol ogi e s dr i vi ng t he de ve l opm e nt of f ut ur e s pa c e f l i g ht ve hi c l e s.I n t hes a m e y e a r,F
17、r m l i ng put f or w a r d a c onc e pt ua l m ode l s how i ng how t o us e t he di g i t a lt w i n a s a vi r t ua l s e ns or t o pr e di c t t he l i f e of a s pa c e f l i g ht ve hi c l e a nd e ns ur e i t ss t r uc t ur a l i nt e g r i t y 6.I n r e c e nt y e a r s,w i t h t he de ve l
18、opm e nt of ne w g e ne r a t i ons of i nf or m a t i ont e c hnol ogi e s s uc h a s t he I n t e r ne t of T hi ng s(I o T),bi g da t a,c l oud c om put i ng,a nda r t i f i c i a l i nt e l l i g e nc e(A I),t he i m pl e m e nt a t i on of di g i t a l t w i ns ha s g r a dua l l y be e ni m pl
19、 e m e nt e d i n pl a c e.A t t hi s s t a ge,t he di g i t a l t w i n a ppl i c a t i on i s r e l a t i ve l y m a t ur e i na e r os pa c e,i nt e l l i g e nt m a nuf a c t ur i ng,s m a r t c i t y,a nd s om e ot he r f i e l ds,a nd r e m a i ns a tt he g r ow i ng pha s e i n he a l t hc a
20、r e,a gr i c ul t ur a l de ve l opm e nt,e t c.G ove r nm e nt s,e nt e r pr i s e s,a nd or g a ni z a t i ons i n di f f e r e nt c ount r i e s va l ue t he di g i t a l t w i n hi g hl y t ha t i ti s be c om i ng a ne w dr i ve r t o na t i ona l di g i t a l t r a ns f or m a t i on,a ne w di
21、 r e c t i on f or t hebus i ne s s l a y o ut of m ul t i na t i ona l e nt e r pr i s e s,a nd a ne w f oc us of g l oba l I Tde ve l opm e nt 7.1.2.C u r r e n t R e s e a r c h e s o n D i g i t a l T w i nC ur r e nt l y,t he r e i s no c ons e ns us a m ong t he a c a de m i c a nd i ndus t r
22、i a l c i r c l e sr e ga r di ng t he de f i ni t i on a nd c onnot a t i on of t he di g i t a l t w i n.T he i r r e s pe c t i veunde r s t a ndi ngs of t he di g i t a l t w i n c onnot a t i ons a r e g i ve n i n T a b l e 1.T a b l e 1 C o m p a r i s o n o f U n d e r s t a n d i n g s o f
23、D i g i t a l T w i n C o n n o t a t i o n s b y t h e A c a d e m i c a n dI n d u s t r i a l C i r c l e sS ou r c e I n s t i t u t i on C on n ot at i on of D i gi t al T w i nA S ur ve y onD i g i t a l T w i n:D e f i ni t i ons,C ha r a c t e r i s t i c s,A ppl i c a t i ons,a nd D e s i g
24、nI m pl i c a t i onsB r e s c i aU ni ve r s i t y,I t a l yD T s c a n be de f i ne d a s(phy s i c a l a nd/or vi r t ua l)m a c hi ne s or c om put e r-ba s e d m ode l s t ha t a r es i m ul a t i ng,e m ul a t i ng,m i r r or i ng,or“t w i nni ng”t he l i f e of a phy s i c a l e nt i t y,w hi
25、 c h m a y be a nobj e c t,a pr oc e s s,a hum a n,or a hum a n-r e l a t e df e a t ur e 2.3D i g i t a l T w i na nd I t sP ot e nt i a lA ppl i c a t i onE x pl or a t i onB e i ha ngU ni ve r s i t y,e t c.D i g i t a l t w i n,a s a t e c hnol ogy of i nt e g r a t i ngm ul t i-phy s i c s,m ul
26、 t i-s c a l e a nd m ul t i di s c i pl i na r ya t t r i but e s,c ha r a c t e r i z e d by r e a l-t i m es y n c hr oni z a t i on,f a i t hf ul m a ppi ng,a nd hi g hf i de l i t y,c oul d r e a l i z e i nt e r a c t i on a nd i nt e g r a t i onbe t w e e n phy s i c a l s pa c e a nd vi r t
27、 ua l w or l d 7.D i g i t a l T w i nW hi t e pa pe rC hi na C e nt e rf or I nf or m a t i onI n dus t r yD e ve l opm e ntT he di g i t a l t w i n r e f e r s t o a c om pr e he ns i vea ppl i c a t i on of i nf or m a t i on t e c hnol og i e s s uc h a spe r c e pt i on,c om put i ng,a nd m od
28、e l i ng t o de s c r i be,di a g nos e,pr e di c t,a nd m a ke de c i s i ons on phy s i c a ls pa c e s t hr ough s of t w a r e de f i ni t i ons,t husa c hi e vi ng t he i nt e r a c t i ve m a ppi ng be t w e e n t hephy s i c a l s pa c e a nd c y b e r s pa c e 8.W hi t e P a pe r ofD i g i t
29、 a l T w i nA ppl i c a t i onC hi naE l e c t r oni c sS t a nda r di z a t i onI n s t i t ut e,R oot c l oudT e c hnol og y C o.L t d.T he di g i t a l t w i n i s a di g i t a l e x pr e s s i on of a s pe c i a lphy s i c a l e nt i t y or pr oc e s s w i t h da t a c onne c t i onst ha t e ns
30、ur e t he c onve r g e nc e be t w e e n t he phy s i c a ls t a t e a nd t he vi r t ua l s t a t e a t t he s a m e r a t e a ndpr ovi de a n i nt e g r a t e d vi e w of t he e nt i r e l i f e c y c l eof t he phy s i c a l e nt i t y or pr oc e s s,he l pi ng t oopt i m i z e t he ove r a l l p
31、e r f or m a nc e 1.D i g i t a l T w i nC om put i ngD T CI n nova t i onF or umD i g i t a l t w i n c om put i ng i s a ne w c om put i ng m ode lt ha t,by e xe c ut i ng va r i ous ope r a t i ons a ndc om bi ni ng di g i t a l t w i ns f r e e l y,r e pr oduc e s t he r e a lw or l d i n a n un
32、pr e c e de nt e d,ne w,l a r g e-s c a l e,a ndhi g h-pr e c i s i on w a y a nd m a ke s ne w i nt e r a c t i onst r ue i n c y b e r s pa c e,i nc l udi ng i nt e r a c t i ons w i t hi nhum a n be i ng s,s ur pa s s i ng t he phy s i c a l c opy i n t her e a l w or l d 9.W hi t e P a pe r f or
33、D i g i t a l T w i n of5G C i t i e sA s i a I n f o,M i g u,D i g i t a l T w i nC ons or t i umT he di g i t a l t w i n i s a n i nt e g r a t e d m ul t i-di s c i pl i na r y,m ul t i-phy s i c a l qua nt i t y,m ul t i-s c a l e,a ndm ul t i-pr oba bi l i t y s i m ul a t i on pr oc e s s f o
34、r m a ppi ngi n di g i t a l s pa c e upon t he f ul l us e of phy s i c a l4m ode l s,s e ns or upda t e s,ope r a t i on hi s t or y,a ndot he r da t a,t o r e f l e c t t he l i f e c y c l e pr oc e s s of t hephy s i c a l c ount e r pa r t.T he di g i t a l t w i n i s a c onc e ptbe y o nd r
35、e a l i t y a nd c a n be r e ga r de d a s a di g i t a lm a ppi ng s y s t e m f or one or m or e i m por t a nt a ndi nt e r de pe nde nt de vi c e s y s t e m s 10.A c c or di ng t o t he de f i ni t i ons l i s t e d i n T a b l e 1,t h e d i g i t a l t w i n h a s t h e f o l l o w i n g t y
36、p i c a lc h a r a c t e r i s t i c s:1)B i d i r e c t i on al p r e c i s e m ap p i n g(b i-m a ppi ng)m e a ns t ha t t he da t a f l ow i sbi di r e c t i ona l be t w e e n phy s i c a l obj e c t s a nd t w i ns.P hy s i c a l obj e c t s i nput da t a t ot w i ns f or m ode l i ng;w hi l e
37、t w i ns g i ve f e e dba c k t o phy s i c a l obj e c t s f or pr e di c t i on,c ont r ol,a nd de c i s i on-m a ki ng.P r e c i s e m a ppi ng i s t o f ul l y pr e s e nt,a c c ur a t e l ye x pr e s s,a nd dy n a m i c a l l y m oni t or phy s i c a l obj e c t s on t w i ns.2)R e al-t i m e m
38、 e a ns t ha t a r e a l-t i m e r e l a t i on be t w e e n phy s i c a l obj e c t s a nd t w i ns c a nbe e s t a bl i s he d s o t ha t t w i ns c ha r a c t e r i z e phy s i c a l obj e c t s a s t he t i m e a x i s va r i e sa nd e na bl e t he r e a l-t i m e m a ppi ng of phy s i c a l obj
39、 e c t s.3)L i f e c yc l e r e f e r s t o t he w hol e pr oc e s s of a pr oduc t i n w hi c h t he di g i t a l t w i n c a nr un t hr ough,i nc l udi ng de s i g n,de ve l opm e nt,m a nuf a c t ur i ng,s e r vi c e,m a i nt e na nc e,s c r a pi ng,a nd r e c y c l i ng.1.3.D i g i t a l T w i n
40、+6 G F u s i o n a n d D e v e l o p m e n tT he di g i t a l t w i n w i l l be c l os e l y i nt e g r a t e d a nd m ut ua l l y pr om ot e d w i t h 6Gt e c hnol ogi e s.O n t he one ha nd,6G t e c hnol ogi e s e na bl e t he da t a a nd f e e dba c k t r a ns m i s s i onw i t h ul t r a-l a r
41、g e c a pa c i t y a nd ul t r a-l ow l a t e nc y f or t he di g i t a l t w i n a t t he i nt e r a c t i onl a y e r,pr om ot i ng be t t e r a ppl i c a t i ons of t he di g i t a l t w i n t e c hnol ogy.O n t he ot he r ha nd,t he di g i t a l t w i n g i ve s ne w i de a s a nd s ol ut i ons
42、f or t he r e s e a r c hof 6G ke y t e c hnol ogi e s.F or e xa m pl e,i n t he di g i t a l t w i n ne t w or k,t he di g i t a l t w i nt e c hnol ogy i s a ppl i e d t o t he ne t w or k f i e l d,t hr ough t he vi r t ua l e x pr e s s i on of t hephy s i c a l ne t w or k,t o a na l y z e,di a
43、 gnos e,s i m ul a t e,a nd c ont r ol t he phy s i c a l ne t w or kba s e d on da t a,m ode l s,a nd i nt e r f a c e s.T hi s y i e l ds l ow-c os t ne t w or k opt i m i z a t i on,i nt e l l i g e nt ne t w or k de c i s i on-m a ki ng,e f f i c i e nt ne t w or k i nnova t i on,a nd c l os e d
44、-l oop5m a na ge m e nt of t he ne t w or k t hr oug hout i t s l i f e c y c l e 1 1.T he di g i t a l t w i n t e c hnol ogyi s e m pl oy e d t o m ode l t he i ndoor e nvi r onm e nt,by vi r t ue of t una bl e m e t a s ur f a c e s ofg r a phe ne,t o c ont r ol t he pr opa ga t i on pa t hs of i
45、 ndoor T H z s i g na l s a nd r e duc e t hepr oba bi l i t y of bl oc ki ng T H z s i g na l s 12.T he e dge ne t w or k-ba s e d di g i t a l t w i ns r e duc et he a ve r a ge of f l oa di ng l a t e nc y,of f l oa di ng f a i l ur e r a t e,a nd s e r vi c e m i g r a t i on r a t e oft he e dg
46、e ne t w or k 13.T hi s w hi t e pa pe r a ddr e s s e s t he a ppl i c a t i on s c e na r i os of t he di g i t a l t w i n i nC ha pt e r 2,ke y t e c hnol ogi e s of t he di g i t a l t w i n i n C ha pt e r 3,t he di g i t a l t w i n-e na bl e d6G ne t w or k a nd s ol ut i ons f or s om e ve
47、r t i c a l i ndus t r i e s i n C ha pt e r 4,a nd t he out l ook t ot he f ut ur e de ve l opm e nt of t he di g i t a l t w i n i n C ha pt e r 5.2.A p p l i c a t i o n S c e n a r i o s o f D i g i t a l T w i n i n 6 G2.1.T w i n N e t w o r kI n t he 6G e r a,t he di g i t a l t w i n t e c h
48、nol ogy w i l l be w i de l y a ppl i e d t oc om m uni c a t i on ne t w or ks.W i t h up-a nd-up pe r c e pt i on+m ode l i ng t e c hnol ogi e s,vi r t ua l di g i t a l t w i ns of r e a l phy s i c a l ne t w or ks w i l l be bui l t t o of f e r c a pa bi l i t i e s i n t heque r y i n t he r
49、 e a l w or l d+pr e di c t i on i n t he vi r t ua l w or l d+i nt e r a c t i on be t w e e n r e a l a ndvi r t ua l w or l ds.T he ne t w or k di g i t a l t w i n w i l l be i m pl e m e nt e d by vi r t ue of m a ny t e c hnol ogi e ss uc h a s pe r c e pt i on,m ode l i ng,da t a pr oc e s s
50、i ng,a nd c ont r ol,i nc l udi ng t he c ons t a nt l yde ve l opi ng t e c hnol ogi e s f or ne t w or k m e a s ur e m e nt a nd da t a c ol l e c t i on;m or e r e f i ne dne t w or k a w a r e ne s s t e c hnol ogy t o pe r c e i ve t he ne t w or k s t a t e;uni f i e d da t a pl a t f or mt e