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1、20172017 上海考研英语一真题及答案上海考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resoundingyes!1helping you feel close and2to people
2、you care about,it turns outthat hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it ornot,a warm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter.In a recent study5over 400 health adults,researchers from Carnegie MellonUniversity in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived
3、 social support and thereceipt of hugs6the participants susceptibility to developing the common coldafter being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were lesslikely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducingeffects of hugging10about 32 percent of that benefi
4、cial effect.11amongthose who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received morefrequent hugs had less severe12.Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds thatsusually14with stress,notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology atCarnegie.Hugging is a mark
5、er of intimacy and helps15the feeling that othersare there to help16difficulty.Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to therelease of oxytocin,often called the bonding hormone18it promotes attachmentin relationships,including that between mother and their newborn babie
6、s.Oxytocinis made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is releasedinto the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behaviorand physiology.1A Unlike B Besides C Despite D Throughout【答案】B Besides2A connected B restricted C equal D inferior【答案】A connected3A ch
7、oice B view C lesson D host【答案】D host4A recall B forget C avoid D keep【答案】C avoid5A collecting B involving C guiding D affecting【答案】B involving6A of B in C at D on【答案】D on7A devoted B exposed C lost D attracted【答案】B exposed8A across B along C down D out【答案】C down9A calculated B denied C doubted D im
8、agined【答案】A calculated10A served B required C restored D explained【答案】D explained11A Even B Still C Rather D Thus【答案】A Even12A defeats B symptoms C tests D errors【答案】B symptoms13A minimized B highlighted C controlled D increased【答案】D increased14A equipped B associated C presented D compared【答案】B ass
9、ociated15A assess B moderate C generate D record【答案】C generate16A in the face of B in the form of C in the way of D in the name of【答案】A in the face of17A transfer B commit C attribute D return【答案】C attribute18A because B unless C though D until【答案】A because19A emerges B vanishes C remains D decrease
10、s【答案】C remains20A experiences B combines C justifies Dinfluences【答案】DinfluencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1First two hours,now three h
11、ours-this is how far in advance authorities arerecommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return forincreased safety.The crash of Egypt Air
12、 Flight 804,which terrorists may have downedover the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demandingtoo much of air travelers or providing too little security in return underminespublic support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americanseconomic and priva
13、te lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret checkthat undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons-both fake and real-pastairport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise
14、 in airline travel due to the improving Chicagos OHareInternational.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security hasbecome-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase inairline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new sc
15、reeners on the line.Partof the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Anotherfactor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoidchecked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not
16、 require remodeling airports orrushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposedto be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background checkare eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA wants to enroll25 million people in PreCheck
17、.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is sticker shock.Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Sincethe beginning,this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms mightbring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress shoul
18、d look into doing sodirectly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while mostof the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to makethe program work.21.the crash of E
19、gypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned toA stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.B highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.C explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.D emphasis the importance of privacy protection.【答案】C explain Americans tolerance of current secu
20、rity checks.22.which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travelers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.【答案】C An increase in the number of travelers.23.The word expedited
21、(Line 4,Para.5)is closest in meaning toA faster.B quieter.C wider.D cheaper.【答案】A faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program isA A dramatic reduction of its scale.B Its wrongly-directed implementation.C The governments reluctance to back it.D An unreasonable price for enrollment.【答案】D An unreas
22、onable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck-a Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck Lanes【答案】B PreCheck-a Belated SolutionText 2The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,wrote Queen
23、 Liliuokalani,Hawaiis lastreigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members ofHawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protestshave erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giantobservatory that promises to revolutionize hu
24、manitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshipedby some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes.Restedin the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Keas pea
25、k rises above the bulk of our planets denseatmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassedclarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group ofHawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacredland and a
26、painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagernessto build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is the only way of understandingthe world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna
27、Keas fragileecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not arelic of the past;it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn ofcivilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the h
28、orizon that firstbrought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explorethe heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban futuredevelopment there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seekto answer big questions about who we are,wh
29、ere we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal callingto know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.TheTMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibi
30、lity around the island andto avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopeson Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sitesreturned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed onMauna Kea to embrace their c
31、ultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watch
32、ers feats in her time.【答案】B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due toA its geographical featuresB its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.【答案】A its geographical features28.The con
33、struction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly becauseA it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.【答案】B it reminds them of a humiliating history.29.It can be infe
34、rred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomyA is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.【答案】C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.30.The au
35、thors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.【答案】D full approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures everything except thatwhich makes life worthwhile.With Britain voting to leav
36、e the European Union,andGDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess whathe was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half acentury.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matterand misses
37、things that do.By most recent measures,the UKs GDP has been the envyof the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.Ifeverything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic pros
38、pects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth intowell-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translatedinto meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather t
39、han just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil societyengagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries areperforming.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number ofconsistent themes.Yes,there has
40、 been a budding economic recovery since the 2008global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,majoreconomies have continued to decline.Yet this isnt the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measuresincluding civ
41、il society,income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded asthe sole measure of a countrys success,the world looks very different.So,what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common methodfor measuring the ec
42、onomic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longerenough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality oreducation outcomes-all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to adecline i
43、n the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simplyworrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even seeprogress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because heApraised the UK for its GDP
44、.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.【答案】D had a low opinion of GDP32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 thatAthe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.BGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Cthe UK will contribute les
45、s to the world economy.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.【答案】BGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?AIt is sponsored by 163 countries.BIt excludes GDP as an indicator.CIts criteria are questiona
46、ble.DIts results are enlightening.【答案】DIts results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests thatAthe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues
47、.【答案】Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK LessonBGDP Figures,a Window on Global Economic HealthCRebort F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDPDBrexit,the UKs Gateway to Well-being【答案】AHigh GDP But Inad
48、equate Well-being,a UK LessonText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruptionconviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so whileholding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts suchas a Rolex watch and a Ferrari
49、 automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnells trial failed to tella jury that it must look only at his official acts,or the former governorsdecisions on specific and unsettled issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver
50、gain access to other officials,unless done with clearintent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors isdistasteful and nasty.But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made ofconcrete benefits,such as appr