《我的动词的时态和语态_中学教育-高考英语.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《我的动词的时态和语态_中学教育-高考英语.pdf（9页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、学习必备 欢迎下载 专题语法 时态和语态 时态 英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种：时态 构成 用法 一般 现在时 主语动词(单数第三人称 s或 es)表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等 现在 进行时 主语 am(is，are)现在分词 表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作 现在 将来时 (1)主语will(shall)动词原形(2)主语 am(is,are
2、)going to 动词原形 表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态 现在 完成时 主语have(has)过去分词(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2)动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。时态 构成 用法 一般 过去时 主语动词的过去式 表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态 过去 进行时 主语 was(were)现在分词 表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作 过去 将来时 主语 would 动词原形 表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态 过去 完成时 主语 had 过去
3、分词 既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。现在 完成 进行时 主语have(has)been 现在分词 现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。学习必备 欢迎下载 动词的时态是英语语法的重中之重，因为它们与句子结构、句子表达、语言逻辑紧密相连，无论是单选、完形、阅读还是书面表达都离不开时态。高考试题中常对以下几种情况进行考查。1.一般现在时与现在进行时的用法比较 一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等；而现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动
4、作或现阶段正在进行的动作。His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss.注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接用将来时态。If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport,give m
5、e a ring.2一般将来时和过去将来时 一般将来时主要用于表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来时主要用于表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Will those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmasters office?He told me if I didnt follow his advice,something bad would happen.注意：“will(shall)do”和“be going to do”都可表示意图。如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果
6、是说话时临时决定的，则用 will。I am going to spend my holiday on Hainan Island this winter.I am sorry.I forgot to post the letter for you.Thats all right.I will post it myself.3一般过去时和现在完成时的用法比较 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态，和现在没有任何关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用；而现在完成时有两种用法：(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2)动作发生于过去，
7、已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。We volunteered to collect money to help the victims of the earthquake.He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.4一般过去时和过去进行时的用法比较 表示这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态时间主要有四个主要部分即现在过去将来和过去将来动作方面也有四种即一般完成进行和完成进行中学课本中常见的时态有以
8、下几种时态构成用法一般现在时主语动动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时主语动词原形主语动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在完成时主语过去分词动作发生于过去一直持续到现在可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用动作发生于过去已经完成过去完成时构成用法主语动词的过去式主语现在分词主语动词原形主语过去分词表示过去某时发生动作包括过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态既学习必备 欢迎下载 一般过去时表示动作已经完成或在某一时间段内发生了某事；而过去进行时则表示动作的持续性，侧重动作持续的长度。For the sake of he
9、r daughters health,she decided to move to a warm climate.I hear he was writing a book last year,but I dont know whether he has finished it.5一般过去时和过去完成时的用法比较 过去完成时既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。它和过去时的区别主要在于时间的参照点上。He began to learn English when he was fifteen.The little gir
10、l cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.6现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别 现在完成时和过去完成时都可和表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在；而过去完成时表示的是延续到过去某个时间。He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.Many people have suffered much from the endless increasing price.7现在完成进
11、行时 现在完成进行时虽然不属于我们中学课本中常见的八种时 态，但是在近几年的高考试题中频频出现，应该引起我们的注意。现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。Where have you been?We have been looking for you everywhere.语态 语态是表示主语和动词之间语法关系及语义关系的动词形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。英语中的语态和时态是不可分割的，每种时态都有其相应的语态形式 表示这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态时间主要有四个主要部分即现在过去将来和过去将来动作方面
12、也有四种即一般完成进行和完成进行中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种时态构成用法一般现在时主语动动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时主语动词原形主语动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在完成时主语过去分词动作发生于过去一直持续到现在可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用动作发生于过去已经完成过去完成时构成用法主语动词的过去式主语现在分词主语动词原形主语过去分词表示过去某时发生动作包括过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态既学习必备 欢迎下载 语态 构成 例句 一般现在时的被动语态 主语am(is,are)过去分词 The li
13、on is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power.现在进行时的被动语态 主语am(is,are)being过去分词 My car is being repaired at present.现在将来时的被动语态 主语 will(shall)be 过去分词/主语 am(is,are)going to be过去分词 The new bridge will be completed at the end of the year.现在完成时的被动语态 主 语 have(has)been 过去分词
14、I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a simple trick.一般过去时的被动语态 主语 was(were)过去分词 Marie Curie took little notice of the honors that were given to her in her later years.过去进行时的被动语态 主 语 was(were)being 过去分词 I had the distinct impression that I was being followed.过去将来时的被动语态 主语would be过去
15、分词 The workers scented changes that would be made in the company.过去完成时的被动语态 主语 had been 过去分词 The new suspension bridge had been designed by the end of last month.表示这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态时间主要有四个主要部分即现在过去将来和过去将来动作方面也有四种即一般完成进行和完成进行中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种时态构成用法一般现在时主语动动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时主语动词原形主语动词原形表示在现在看来
16、将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在完成时主语过去分词动作发生于过去一直持续到现在可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用动作发生于过去已经完成过去完成时构成用法主语动词的过去式主语现在分词主语动词原形主语过去分词表示过去某时发生动作包括过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态既学习必备 欢迎下载 2.那个学校教日语。Japanese is taught in that school.注意：感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。例如：The teacher made me go out of t
17、he classroom.-I was made to go out of the classroom（by the teacher）.We saw him play football on the playground.-He was seen to play football on the playground.被动语态中的特殊用法：1.短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before.2.表示据
18、说或相信 的词组，基本上由 believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成。例如：It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that 大家相信 It is hoped that 大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知 It is thought that 大家认为 It is suggested that 据建议 It is taken granted that 被视为当然 It has
19、 been decided that 大家决定 It must be remember that 务必记住的是 3.不用被动语态的情况 1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如 appear,die disappear,end（vi.结束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,break out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place 等没有无被动语态。例如：After the fire,very little remained of my house.比较：rise,fa
20、ll,happen 是不及物动词；raise,seat 是及物动词。（错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has risen.（错）The accident was happened last week.（对）The accident happened last week.（错）The price has raised.（对）The price has been raised.表示这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态时间主要有四个主要部分即现在过去将来和过去将来动作方面也有四种即一般完成进行和完成进行中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种时
21、态构成用法一般现在时主语动动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时主语动词原形主语动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在完成时主语过去分词动作发生于过去一直持续到现在可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用动作发生于过去已经完成过去完成时构成用法主语动词的过去式主语现在分词主语动词原形主语过去分词表示过去某时发生动作包括过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态既学习必备 欢迎下载（错）Please seat.（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的
22、动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如 fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at/in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to 等。例如：This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3）系动词无被动语
23、态，如 appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn 等。例如：It sounds good.4）带同源宾语的及物动词如 die/death,dream/dream，live/life 等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：She dreamed a bad dream last night.5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：（对）She likes to swim.（错）To swim is liked by her.4.主动形式表示被动意义
24、 1）wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。例如：The book sells well.这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。2）blame,let（出租）,remain,keep,rent,build 等。例如：I was to blame for the accident.事故发生了，我该受指责。Much work remains.还有许多活要干。3）在 need,require,want,worth（形容词）,deserve 后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如
25、：The door needs repairing.=The door needs to be repaired.门该修了。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。4）特殊结构：make sb.heard/understood（使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如：Explain it clearly and make yourself understood.解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。5.被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined,be pleased,be graduated（from）,be prepared（for）,be occupied（in）
26、,get married等。例如：He is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用 marry sb.或 get married to sb.均可。例如：He married a rich girl.他与一个富妞结婚了。He got married to a rich girl.6.need/want/require/worth 当 need,want,require,be worth 后面接 doing 时，表示的是被动意义。例如：Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。The floo
27、r requires washing.地板需要冲洗。典型例题 The library needs_,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned 答案 A.need（实意）+n/to do，need（情态）+do，当为被动语态时，还可 need+doing.本题考最后一种用法，选 A。如有 to be cleaned 则也为正确答案。练习：动词时态与语态 1.When I saw Mary,she _ on the piano.A.is playing B.plays C.w
28、as playing D.played 表示这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态时间主要有四个主要部分即现在过去将来和过去将来动作方面也有四种即一般完成进行和完成进行中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种时态构成用法一般现在时主语动动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时主语动词原形主语动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在完成时主语过去分词动作发生于过去一直持续到现在可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用动作发生于过去已经完成过去完成时构成用法主语动词的过去式主语现在分词主语动词原形主语过去分词表示过去某时发生动作包括过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作表示
29、从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态既学习必备 欢迎下载 2.She _ the door before she goes away.A.had locked B.is locking C.has locked.D.was locking.3.A hunter is a man who _ animals.A.catch B.catches C.will catch D.was catching 4.What _ if I drink this?A.happens B.is happening C.will happen D.is happened 5.I will visit you
30、 if Father _ me.A.let B.lets C.is letting D.will let 6.Look out!That tree _ fall down.A.is going to B.will be C.shall D.would 7.My uncle _ to see me.Hell be here soon.A.comes B.is coming C.had come D.came 8.They cant leave until they _ their work.A.did B.are doing C.have done D.has done 9.Has he see
31、n this film?Yes.He _ it several days ago.A.saw B.has seen C.had seen D.was seeing 10.Now Mike isnt here.He _ Mr Greens.Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes.A.went to;is coming B.has gone to;will come C.has been to;will be D.is going to;has come 11.That day he._ his clothes before he came to see me.A.h
32、as washed B.washed C.had been washing D.was washed 12.I havent finished my composition.I _ for two hours and a half.A.have written it B.have been writing it C.wrote it D.am writting it 13.I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangHai,A.go to B.will go to C.have been to D.have gone to 14.This bri
33、ght girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A.didnt say B.couldnt speak to C.said D.didnt tell 15.The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A.was built B.built C.was set up D.had been built 16.When _ school begin?Next Monday.A.has B.does C.did D.is going to 17.I will _ here till you give me
34、 some money.A.leave B.not leave C.come D.return 18.I _ here since I moved here.A.will work B.worked C.work D.have been working 19.Every time I _ there,I will buy him something nice.A.went B.will go C.go D.have gone 20.It was said that his father _.A.has died B.died.C.has been dead D.had died 21.We w
35、ont go unless you _ soon.A.had come B.came C.will come D.come 22._six years since I began studying English.A.They have been B.it is C.It was D.There are 表示这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态时间主要有四个主要部分即现在过去将来和过去将来动作方面也有四种即一般完成进行和完成进行中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种时态构成用法一般现在时主语动动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时主语动词原形主语动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存
36、在的状态现在完成时主语过去分词动作发生于过去一直持续到现在可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用动作发生于过去已经完成过去完成时构成用法主语动词的过去式主语现在分词主语动词原形主语过去分词表示过去某时发生动作包括过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态既学习必备 欢迎下载 23.They _ the Summer Palace three times.A.have gone to B.have been to C.have been in D.have gone into 24.How long havent we seen each
37、other?Well,it _ nearly two years since we _ last.A.is/have met B.was/had met C.is/met D.has been/had met 25.Have you seen the art exhibition?No,_ there.A.it was not being held B.they didnt hold C.it had not held D.they were holding it 26.Dont get off the bus until it _.A.stop B.will stop C.stopped D
38、.has stopped 27.Where _ the recorder?I cant see it anywhere.I _ it right here.But now its gone.A.did you put/have put B.have you put/put C.had you put/was putting D.were you putting/have put 28.They asked me to have a drink with them.I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drink.A.had enjoyed B
39、.was enjoying C.enjoyed D.had been enjoying 29.Dont come tonight.I would rather you _ tomorrow.A.come B.came C.will come D.coming 30._ you _?A.Do/marry B.Have/married C.Have/been married D.Are/married 31.When he _ all the newspapers,hell go home.A.sells B.has sold C.will have sold D.will be sold 32.
40、This cloth _well and _ long.Ok.Ill take it.A.washes/lasts B.is washed/lasted C.washes/is lasted D.is washing/lasting 33.Hurry up,you _ on the phone.Oh,Im coming.Thank you.A.are wanted B.are being wanted C.want D.are wanting 34.I _ see you,but I didnt,for I had no time.A.had wanted to B.has wanted to
41、 C.wanted D.was wanted 35.I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A.have lived B.was living C.will be living D.shall have lived 36.By this time next year he _ from the college.A.will be graduating B.should be graduating C.will have graduated D.is graduating 37.Our teacher told us that the ea
42、rth _ from west to east.A.turns B.turn C.has turned D.had turned 38.My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A.fell/was riding B.fell/were riding C.had fallen/rode D.had fallen/was riding 39.Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A.was going to be B.was about to be C.could be D.was to b
43、e 40.It is high time you _ in bed now.A.are B.were C.will be D.would be 表示这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态时间主要有四个主要部分即现在过去将来和过去将来动作方面也有四种即一般完成进行和完成进行中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种时态构成用法一般现在时主语动动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时主语动词原形主语动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在完成时主语过去分词动作发生于过去一直持续到现在可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用动作发生于过去已经完成过去完成时构成用法主语动词的过去式主语现在分词主语动
44、词原形主语过去分词表示过去某时发生动作包括过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态既学习必备 欢迎下载 41.After a while an agreement _.A.was arrived at B.was arrived in C.was arrived D.has been arrived 42.The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A.is about to arrive B.has arrived C.arrives D.is going to arrive 43._,t
45、hat step is not safe!A.Look around B.Look up C.Look out D.Look down 44.Have you _ him to give up smoking?No.I _,but he wouldnt listen.A.persuaded/tried B.tried/persuaded C.tried/tried D.persuaded/persuaded 45.The research laboratory is going to _ the new type of computer to use.A.take B.make C.put D
46、.send 46.I dont know when he _,but when he _,Ill let you know.A.will come/comes B.comes/will come C.comes/comes D.will come/will come 47.How much do you think that vase _?A.is cost B.used C.was paid for D.cost 48.I _ that he would be able to leave tomorrow,but its beginning to look diffcult.A.hope B
47、.had hoped C.hoped D.am hoping 49.“Come on,Peter,I want to show you something.”“Oh,how nice of you,I _ you _ to bring me a gift.”A.never think/are going B.never thought/were going C.didnt think/are going D.hadnt thought/were going 50.Its a nice flat,but it _ a proper bathroom.A.havent got B.hasnt go
48、t C.wouldnt get D.doesnt have got 练习答案、15 CCBCB 610 ABCAB 1115 CBADA 1620 BBDCD 2125 DBBCA 2630 DBABD 3135 BAAAD 3640 CAAAB 4145 ACCAC 4650 ADBBB 表示这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态时间主要有四个主要部分即现在过去将来和过去将来动作方面也有四种即一般完成进行和完成进行中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种时态构成用法一般现在时主语动动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时主语动词原形主语动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在完成时主语过去分词动作发生于过去一直持续到现在可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用动作发生于过去已经完成过去完成时构成用法主语动词的过去式主语现在分词主语动词原形主语过去分词表示过去某时发生动作包括过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态既