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1、【专题二】冠词和数词【考情分析】(1)冠词在高考中的考查重点：冠词是历年高考的必考学问点，主要消失在单项选择和短文改错题中.虽说只有两类，共三个(不定冠词a, an 和定冠词the),但其使用规章很简单，考生对此语法束手无策。纵观历年高考试题，冠词考点主要集中在以下几点:1 .考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法2 .考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法3 .考查不定冠词和定冠词在固定搭配中的用法4 .考查零冠词(即省略冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法5 .考查冠词在表示类别名词前的用法6 .考查不定冠词在详细化抽象名词前的用法7 .考查冠词在比较级前的用法8 .考查冠词在其他特殊结构中
2、的用法9 .考查有无冠词而迥异短语(2)数词在高考中的考查重点:3.把握倍数表达法1 .数词表示准确数目和不准确数目的区分;2 .数词复数的特殊用法；3 .基数词和序数词的用法4.dozen和score的特殊用法5 .倍数表达法【学问归纳】冠词考点一：不定冠词的基本用法1 .泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.2 .指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.3 .指某一个人或事物，但不详细说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in t
3、he fire.4 .用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示每一。如：We have meals three times a day.5 .表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）6 .表数量，相当于 one，但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.7 .使抽象名词详细化。如：The little girl is a hand to her mother, （a hand 译为帮手”）8 .固定搭酉己。如：as a matter of fact, in a hurry, in a word考点二：定冠
4、词的基本用法1 .表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.2用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.3 .用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。4 .用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east the righto5 .用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest6 .用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the woundedo
5、7 .用于由一般名词构成的专出名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nationo8 .用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake09 .用于复数姓氏之前,表示夫妇或全家。如：The Smithso10 .用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violino11 .创造物。如：The compass was invented in China.12 .年月名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 19
6、70s.13 .固定词组中。 如:in the morning(afternoon/ evening), on the other hand z at the same time考点三：零冠词的基本用法14 .表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons儿童喜爰卡通影片。)15 .不含一般名词的专出名词前。如：We are studying English.16 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词全部格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein s
7、 theory proved to be correct.17 .官职、季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.18 .呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?19 .三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?20 .节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.21 .球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.22 .在一些成对消失的短语
8、中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）;hand in hand（手牵手）;side by side（肩 并肩）;day and day（日日夜夜）;young and old（老老少少）;from door to door（挨门挨户）;from beginning to end（从头到尾）;from morning till night（从早到晚）等。23 .与by连用表示交通方式的名词前；以and连接的两个相对的名词连用时；数词考点一:hundred, thousand 和 million 的用法若 hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词的前面
9、有基数词或 several 修饰时,hundred, thousand, million, billion等只能用单数形式;留意hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前不能用many ,若表示不 确定数目的数百、数千、数百万等时，要用它们的复数形式，还要加上。f。考点二：dozen与score的用法(l)dozen (一打，十二)，score (二十)与详细数词或与many, several等连用时,后不加s ,所修饰 的名词前常省去。力如:two dozen eggs两打鸡蛋，many dozen pencils好多打铅笔；dozen, score的复数
10、形式后接of时，表示很多，是概数。如:dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋，scores of pencils几十支铅笔。(2)当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these, those, my, your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them, us, you时，这 时需要力口。七 如：two dozen of these pens, three score of themo考点三：分数的表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1则分母用复数。如：one-fourth (a quarter) 1/4 two-fifths 2/5考点四：年龄表达法 表示某人的准确年龄,用基数词+ years old或
11、基数词+ of age或者at the age of +基数词，也可直接用基数词 表示某人几十多岁时 用in ones +逢十的基数词的复数(如tens, twenties, thirties等)来表达。He is in his late twenties.他快 30 了。The old lady died in her early seventies beside a church in New York.那位老太太 70 来岁就死在了 纽约的一个教堂四周。考点五：年月表达法表示“几十年月时,在阿拉伯数字后加s或so in the 1990s考点六：倍数的表达方式倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较
12、级+ thano如：This rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。（比那根绳长二倍）This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六 倍）（2）,“倍数+ as +形容词（或much）或副词+ as0如：This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。（这块 石头比那块重二倍）The plane flew ten times as high as the
13、 kite.那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。（高出九倍）（3）倍数+ the size（length , height）of。如:This street is four times the length of that street.这条街是那条街的四倍长。This hill is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。（比那座小山 高三倍）也可用：The height of this hill is four times that of that small one.【考点例析】【高考真题】1. . The Smith
14、s don t usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a verynice hotel by sea. 2022 江西卷】A . /; a B . the; the C . /; the D . the; aC考查冠词。hotel为复数，前不会用定冠词the来修饰；江，河，湖，海前要加定冠词2. The development of industry has been gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to mode
15、rn technology. 2022 浙江卷】A.不填,the B. the; a C. a;不填 D. a; ac考查冠词。第一空process是可数名词，第一次消失一般用不定冠词，且此次表示一个的概念；其 次空existence是不行数名词，其此处表示抽象概念，故用零冠词。3. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processingfactory of his own one day. 2022 安徽卷】A. / ; a B. / ; the C. the a D. the theA本题考
16、查冠词。science是不行数名词，用零冠词,后面的factory是一个可数名词,用a表示泛指。4. Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place ofGeorge. 2022重庆卷】A. /,/B. the,/C the the D./, theD考查冠词用法。句意：Sam被任命为工程部经理取代了 George。表示官衔职务的名词作补语和同位语 时，前不加冠词。在题干中,manager表示职务，作主语补足语，不需要加冠词，而其次个空白处为固定短 语take the place of,是代替
17、,取代”之意。因此,正确答案为D选项。1. 1 woke up withbad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone. 2022 辽宁卷】 A.the; theB. the; anC. a; theD. a; anC考查冠词。第一空表示泛指；其次空为固定用法，用定冠词the ,故选C项6. Sarah looked atfinished painting with satisfaction. 2022 全国卷】A.不填；a B. a; the C. the;不填 D. the; ac考查冠词用法。句意：Sarah满足地看着那幅已画完的画。第一空特
18、指已经画完的画；其次空考查介 词短语with satisfaction意为：满足地，作状语。此处satisfaction为抽象名词，在此短语中不用冠词。7. Being able to afford drink would be comfort in those tough times. 2022 山东卷】A. the; the B. a; a C. a;不填D.不填；aB考查冠词的用法。句意:在那些困难的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫大的劝慰。第一空中的a drink 意为：一杯饮料；其次空中的a comfort意为：一件令人劝慰的事。8. The new stadium being bu
19、ilt for the next Asian Games will be the present one. (2022陕西)卷A . as three times big as B . three times as big as C . as big as three times D . as big three times asB考查倍数表达法。倍数+ as + adj.as表示“一物是另一物的几倍。9. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.lt was journey. (2022-;)A . three ho
20、ur B . a three hours C . a three hour D . three hoursC考查数词。句意：去游乐园花了我们很长一段时间，是3个小时的路程。一段3个小时的路程有两种表 达方式：a three hour journey ; three hours journey010. One-third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens blackpeople. （2022 湖南卷）A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; isA考查数词与主谓全
21、都。由于。ne-third后面的中心词为country这个不行数名词，谓语动词应使用单数；其次空中的citizens为复数，谓语动词使用复数形式。【方法技巧】冠词1 .平常熟记定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法，做题时认真分析所表达的意义。2 .熟识一些名词的用法，和冠词结合。有很多不行数名词，有时候被详细化的状况，也是考查的重点。3 .多做练习，能够提高熟识语境的力量，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面肯定要重视4 .特殊留意形容词比较级、最高级前的冠词问题，以及序数词前加不定冠词或定冠词的区分。数词1 .把握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法。2 .把握不定数量词、约数词的表达方法。