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1、2023年高考英语新材料仿真模拟押题卷02（江苏专用卷）全解全析注意事项:1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题 时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试 卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项
2、 中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和 阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What will the woman do first?A. Go to a barbecue. B. Post a letter.C. Go shopping.1. C【原文】 W: Honey, Fm going downtown. Do we need anything for the barbecue tonight?M: Oh, yes. We need some steaks and some juice. And maybe you could get some sta
3、mps afterwards.2. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a travel agency. B. In a library.C. At a bookstore.3. C【原文】M: Excuse me. I、m looking for a book named Travel in England, but I cant find it anywhere.W: Let me see. I am sorry-we have just sold our last copy.4. What time is it no
4、w?A. 9:40.B. 10:00.C. 10:20.A. Diligent and curious.B. Determined and smart.C. Hard-working and humorous.D. Persistent and devoted.26 .推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I improved so quickly because I was consistent. If I was supposed to be there on Monday, I would be there, regardless of whether it was a holiday, or r
5、ainy or snowy day. I didnt miss a dayand thats how Im up to the weight Im lifting now, although the gains happened slowly.（我 进步很快，因为我始终如一。如果周一我应该在那里，我会在那里，不管是 假日，还是雨天或雪天。我没有错过任何一天，这就是我现在能承受的重量, 尽管我的体重增长缓慢。广可知，作者始终如一地投入到举重练习中，由此 可推知，作者是一位坚持不懈且做事全心全意的人。故选D项。27 . What does the passage mainly talk about
6、?A. No pains, no gains.B. Better late than never.C. A little labor, much health.D. Do things consistently.27.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段Im 79 now and I tell people of my age that they can do this, too; they just have to be consistent and start with something small.（我现在79岁了，我告诉我这个年龄的人，他们也能做到这一点；他们 只需要始终如一，从小事做起。）
7、”可知，作者呼吁自己的同龄人也勇敢去尝 试，只要始终如一，从小事开始，就会成功。由此可知，本文主要讲了做事 要始终如一。故选D项。CA great deal can be learned from the actual traces of ancient human movement: the footprints of early hominids （原始人类）.The best-known specimens （标本）are the remarkable tracks discovered at Laetoli, Tanzania, by Mary Leaky. These were le
8、ft by small hominids around 3.6 to 3.75 million years ago.Examination of the shape of the prints revealed to Mary Leakey that the feet had a raised arch, a rounded heel （月却总艮）,a pronounced ball, and a big toe that pointed forward. These features, together with the weight-bearing pressure patterns, r
9、esembled the prints of upright-walking modem humans. The pressures imposed along the foot, together with the length of step, which averaged 87 centimeters, indicated that the hominids had been walking slowly. In short, all the detectable features implied that the feet that left the footprints were v
10、ery little different from those of contemporary humans.A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry, a technique for obtaining measurements through photographs, which created a drawing showing all the curves and shapes of the prints. The result emphasized that there were at leas
11、t seven points of similarity with modem prints, such as the depth of the heel impression, and the deep imprint of the big toe. Footprints thus provide us not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids, but also with evidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than
12、 can be obtained from the analysis of bones.The study of fossil footprints is not restricted to examples from such remote periods. Hundreds of prints are known, for example, in French caves dating from the end of the last Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago. Research by Leon Pales has provided i
13、nformation about this period.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科研人员对于远古人类脚印的分 析以及这些脚印对于我们研究原始人类和现代人类之间相似性的重要意义。 28. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The career of Mary Leakey.B. The analysis of footprint specimens.C , Accurate dating of hominid remains.D. Behavioral patterns of early humans.28 .主旨大意题。文章第一段A
14、 great deal can be learned from the actual traces of ancient human movement: the footprints of early hominids （原始人类）.The best-known specimens （标本）are the remarkable tracks discovered at Laetoli, Tanzania, by Mary Leaky. These were left by small hominids around 3.6 to 3.75 million years ago.（我们可以从古代人
15、类活动的实际痕迹中了解到很多东西： 早期原始人的足迹（原始人类）。最著名的标本是由Mary Leaky在坦桑尼亚 Laetoli发现的脚印。这些是大约360万到375万年前的小型原始人留下的。）” 引出原始人类足迹标本的话题；二、三段具体讲的是科学家对于原始人类足 迹的分析，最后一段The study of fossil footprints is not restricted to examples from such remote periods. Hundreds of prints are known, for example, in French caves dating from
16、the end of the last Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago.Research by Leon Pales has provided information about this period.（对化石足迹 的研究并不局限于这些遥远时期的例子。例如，在上一次冰河时代末期，大 约一万年前的法国洞穴中，已经发现了数百个脚印。Leon Pales的研究提供 了有关这一时期的信息。）”举例说明对化石足迹的研究并不局限于这些遥远 时期的例子。纵观全文，文章都是在围绕着对于远古人类足迹样本的分析展 开，而B项“The analysis of foo
17、tprint specimens（足迹标本分析。广概括了全文 的内容。故选B项。29 . The figure of 87 centimeters mentioned in paragraph 2 refers to the size of thehominids feetA. hominids bodiesC steps taken by the hominidsD. objects carried by the hominids细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Examination of the shape of the prints revealed to Mary Leakey that
18、the feet had a raised arch, a rounded heel （脚跟）,a pronounced ball, and a big toe that pointed forward. These features, together with the weight-bearing pressure patterns, resembled the prints of upright-walking modem humans. The pressures imposed along the foot, together with the length of step, whi
19、ch averaged 87 centimeters, indicated that the hominids had been walking slowly.（ Mary Leakey对这些脚印的形状进行了检查，发现这些脚印 有凸起的足弓、圆形的脚后跟、明显的球形和指向前方的大脚趾。这些特征, 加上负重压力的图案，很像直立行走的现代人的脚印。脚上施加的压力，加 上平均87厘米的台阶长度，表明原始人走得很慢。）”可知原始人走得很慢说 明他正在攀登，所以此处的87厘米指的是原始人当时正在攀登的台阶的高 度。故选C项。29. Why does the author mention the “hee
20、l impression in paragraph 3?A. To indicate the weight of early hominids.B. To emphasize the size of the hominids foot.C. To hint at a possible injury the hominid had suffered.D. To give an example of similarity to modem human footprints.30.推理判断题。根据文章第三段The result emphasized that there were at least
21、seven points of similarity with modem prints, such as the depth of the heelimpression, and the deep imprint of the big toe. Footprints thus provide us not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids, but also with evidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than ca
22、n be obtained from the analysis of bones.（结果强调，与现代印痕至少有7个相似之处，例如 脚跟印痕的深度和大脚趾的深度印痕。因此，脚印不仅为我们提供了早期人 类软组织的罕见印痕，而且还提供了直立行走的证据，这些证据在许多方面 比从骨骼分析中得到的更清楚。）”可知结果显示脚印与现代人类印痕有许多 相似的地方，所以作者提到heel impression是为了举例证明与现代人类足迹 的相似性。故选D项。30. What can be inferred about the footprints found in French caves mentioned in
23、 the last paragraph?A. They show more details than the Laetoli prints.B. They are not as informative as the Laetoli prints.C. They are of more recent origin than the Laetoli prints.D. They are more difficult to study than the Laetoli prints31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The study of fossil footprints is not rest
24、ricted to examples from such remote periods. Hundreds of prints are known, for example, in French caves dating from the end of the last Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago. Research by Leon Pales has provided information about this period.（对化石足迹的研究并不局限于这些遥远时期的 例子。例如，在上一次冰河时代末期，大约一万年前的法国洞穴中，已经发 现
25、了数百个脚印。Leon Pales的研究提供了有关这一时期的信息。厂可知在大 约一万年前的法国洞穴中，已经发现了数百个脚印，由此可以推断法国洞穴 中的脚印比Mary Leaky在Laetoli发现的脚印标本起源更近。故选C项。DIn 2017, bottled water surpassed carbonated soft drinks to become the most popular beverage in the United States. While there are undeniably health benefits to more Americans choosing wa
26、ter over sugary sodas, the uptick（小幅上升）in bottled water sales and the marketing push for selling pre-packaged water has also contributed to an explosion of disposable container waste. Despite having some of the cleanest municipal water systems in the world, 60% of the worlds bottled water consumptio
27、n occurs in the United States, even though Americans only comprise 4.5% of the worlds total population.People justify drinking bottled water for many different reasons. Bottled water in restaurants has become somewhat of a status symbol, especially in fine dining. When I waited tables, I always drea
28、ded asking guests for their water preference. In business settings where tablemates are unfamiliar with each other, no one feels comfortable answering for the group. Guests dining on an expense account-at least in a high-end restaurant-typically “splurge”（挥霍）on bottled water. A waiter wouldnt dare o
29、ffend a client by ordering tap water.This results in trash bags filled with hundreds of empty glass bottles every night. In theory, the bottles and their packaging are recyclable, but history shows that, despite our best intentions, many recyclable products end up in landfills anyway.We can all agre
30、e, hopefully, that whenever possible, restaurants should make more responsible choices about how their businesses impact the environment. The world is changing, and restaurants cant always give people what they want anymore. Forgoing（放弃）bottled water is a very small sacrifice for those who prefer it
31、-a drop in the bucket, as they say.【导语】这是一篇议论文。2017年，瓶装水超过了碳酸软饮料，成为美国最 受欢迎的饮料。虽然这种趋势有利于美国人的身体健康，但也对环境造成了 影响。31. What problem is mentioned in paragraph 1?A. People prefer bottled water to soft drinks.B. Most municipal water systems break down.C. Drinking bottled water leads to more waste.D. The popul
32、ation in the United States declines.32.细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句While there are undeniably health benefits to more Americans choosing water over sugary sodas, the uptick in bottled water sales and the marketing push for selling pre-packaged water has also contributed to an explosion of disposable container wa
33、ste.（虽然越来越多的美 国人选择水而不是含糖苏打水，这无疑对健康有好处，但瓶装水销量的上升 和销售预包装水的营销攻势也导致了一次性容器垃圾的激增。）可知，瓶装 水销量和销售预包装水的市场营销的增加也导致了一次性瓶装容器废物的 激增。故选C项。32. What might the author be?A. A critic.B. A restaurant owner.C A waiter.D. A social observer.33.推理判断题。根据第二段的第三句When I waited tables, I always dreaded asking guests for their w
34、ater preference. （当我在餐馆当服务员的时候，我总 是害怕问客人喜欢喝什么水。）可知，当作者招待客人的时候，他总是害怕 询问客人对水的偏好。由此可推知，作者可能是一名服务员。故选c项。33. What do people do with the waste bottles?A. They are thrown into seas.B. They are buried in landfills.C. They are recycled in factories.D. They are transformed into plastics.34.细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句In
35、theory, the bottles and their packaging are recyclable, but history shows that, despite our best intentions, many recyclable products end up in landfills anyway.（理论上，瓶子及其包装者B是可 回收的，但历史表明，尽管我们的出发点是好的，但许多可回收的产品最终 还是被扔进了垃圾填埋场。）可知，从理论上讲，这些瓶子及其包装都是可 回收的，但历史表明，尽管我们的意图是好的，许多可回收产品最终还是被 扔进了垃圾填理场。故选B项。35 . Wh
36、at is the main idea of the passage?A. People must be more aware of the environment.B , Bottled water has become the most popular drink.C. Its time to take bottled water off restaurant menus.D. Restaurants should not give people whatever they want.35 .主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了瓶装水销量增加带来的问题;第二段阐述 了瓶装水销量增加的原因;第三段介
37、绍瓶装水对环境造成的危害;第四段呼吁 餐馆要采取行动，本着对环境负责的态度，不要售卖瓶装水。由此可知，本 文的主旨是为了减少环境污染，餐馆不应该售卖瓶装水。故选c项。第二节（其5小题海小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。It seems that friends often have similar body odor. Dogs greet other dogs using their noses first, as they are sniffing each other. People are not qui
38、te so open about the process of sniffing each other out.36 There is also evidence that human beings can infer kinship, deduce emotional states and even detect disease via the sense of smell.37 They think they have shown, admittedly in a fairly small sample of individuals, that friends actually smell
39、 alike.They have also shown that this is probably the case from the get-go, with people picking friends at least partly on the basis of body odor, rather than the body odor of people who become friends subsequently converging.As they report in Science Advances, these scientists started their researc
40、h by testing the odors of 20 pairs of established, non-romantic, same-sex friends.38 The e-nose used a set of metal-oxide gas sensors to assess T-shirts worn by participants. 39 Those in the other group were asked to rate the odors of individual T-shirts on five subjective dimensions: pleasantness,
41、intensity, sexual attractiveness, competence and warmth.The e-nose results and the opinions of the second group of smellers were then subjected to a bit of multidimensional mathematical analysis, emerging as simple, comparable numbers.AH three approaches yielded the same result. The T-shirts of frie
42、nds smelt more similar to each other than did the T-shirts of strangers. 40 A. Participants were paired up at random.B. Friends, in other words, do indeed smell alike.C. Now, some scientists in Israel have gone a step further.D. But the size of the perfume industry suggests the scent is important in
43、 human relations, too.E. To do this they employed an electronic nose (e-nose) and two groups of human “smellers”.F. One group of human smellers were given pairs of these shirts and rated how similar they smelt.G. To cast light on whether friendship causes the similarity of scents, or the similarity
44、of scents causes friendship.【导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了朋友之间有相似的气味这一现象以及相关研究。36. 上文“People are not quite so open about the process of sniffing each other out.（人们对互相嗅探的过程并不那么公开。厂以及下文“There is also evidence that human beings can infer kinship, deduce emotional states and even detect disease via the sense of sme
45、ll.（也有证据表明，人类可以通过嗅觉推断亲属关 系，推断情绪状态，甚至检测疾病。）”可知，第一段提到人类并不相互嗅探， 设空处后一句说有证据表明，人也会通过嗅觉判断亲属关系、情绪状态甚至 疾病，由此可知设空处应是表示转折的过渡句。D项But the size of the perfume industry suggests the scent is important in human relations, too.（但是香 水产业的规模表明气味在人际关系中也很重要）”符合语境。故选D项。37. 上文“There is also evidence that human beings can
46、infer kinship, deduce emotional states and even detect disease via the sense of smell.（也有证据表明， 人类可以通过嗅觉推断亲属关系，推断情绪状态，甚至检测疾病。）”以及下 文“They think they have shown, admittedly in a fairly small sample of individuals, that friends actually smell alike.（研究人员认为，他们已经证明了朋友身上的气 味其实是一样的，尽管这只是在一小部分人身上进行的研究。户可知，根
47、据 空后的主语They可以判断，设空处的句子中一定有复数名词。空后句子表 示已经有证据证明实际上朋友之间的气味十分相似。C项“Now, some scientists in Israel have gone a step further.（现在，以色列的一些科学家向前迈 进了一步）”符合语境，其中的some scientists是下文They指代的对象。故选 C项。38. 上文“As they report in Science Advances, these scientists started their research by testing the odors of 20 pairs
48、of established, non-romantic, same-sex friends.（正如他们在科学前沿杂志上报道的那样，这些科学家开始了他们 的研究，他们测试了 20对已经确定的、不浪漫的同性朋友的气味。户以及下 文“The e-nose used a set of metal-oxide gas sensors to assess T-shirts worn by participants.（电子鼻使用了 一组金属氧化物气体传感器来评估参与者所穿的 T恤。）”可知，根据上文内容可知，这些科学家测试了 20对已确定的、非情 侣的同性朋友的气味。下段提到了 The e-nose,故E
49、项“To do this they employed an electronic nose （e-nose） and two groups of human smellers.（为了 做这件事，他们使用了一个电子鼻和两组人类嗅探员）”符合语境，其中的 this指的是上文的测试，e-nose和下文构成原词复现。故选E项。39. 上文“The e-nose used a set of metal-oxide gas sensors to assess T-shirts worn by participants.（电子鼻使用了一组金属氧化物气体传感器来评估参与者所穿 的 T 恤。）”以及下文Those in the other group were asked to rate the odors of indiv