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1、20202020 天津考研英语一真题及答案天津考研英语一真题及答案【完形】Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blankand mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families dont sit down to eat together as frequently as before,millionsof Britons will nonetheless have got a share this we
2、ekend of one of that nationsgreat traditions:the Sunday roast.1 a cold winters day,few culinary pleasurescan 2 it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health.That this3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has 5 a p
3、ublic worming about the risks of acompound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures.Thismeans that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin-crust pizzasand only 8 toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such adarmlistadvice?9 studies have
4、shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSAadvice.14 it was rum
5、ourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidencewas found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamedvegetables,without the York shire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?17,the FSA says it is not telling people to
6、cut out roast foods 18,but reducetheir lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy andoverprotective.Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1.AIn BTowards Con DTill2.A match Bexpress Csatisfy Dinfluence3.Apatience Benjoyment Csurprise Dconcem4.Aintensified Bprivi
7、leged C compelled Dguaranteed5.Aissued Breceived Cignored Dcancelled6.A under Bat Cfor Dby7.Aforget Bregret Cfinish D avoid8.Apartially Bregularly C easily Dinitially9.AUnless BSince CIf DWhile10.A secondary Bextermal C conclusive D negative11.Ainsufficient Bbound Clikely Dslow12.AOn the basis of BA
8、t the cost of C In addition to DIn contrast to13.Ainteresting Badvisable Curgent Dfortunate14.AAs usual BIn particular CBy definition DAfter all15.Aresemblance Bcombination C connection Dpattern16.Amade Bserved Csaved Dused17.ATo be fair BFor instance CTo be brief DIn general18.Areluctantly Bentirel
9、y C gradually D carefully19.A promise B experience Ccampaign D competition20.Afollow up Bpick up C open up Dend up答案（1-20）1.on2.match3.enjoyment4.intensified5.issued6.at7.avoid8.easily9.while10.conclusive11.bound12.on the basis of13.advisable14.after all15.connection16.served17.to be fair18.entirely
10、19.campaign20.end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below eachtext by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year witha
11、 call to institute a UK town of culture award.The proposal is that it shouldsit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in 2017and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl.Cooper and her colleagues argue that thesuccess of the crown for Hull,where it brought in220m of invest
12、ment and an avalacheof arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain town,it is true are not preventedfrom applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beattheir bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become anannual event,attracting funding and cre
13、ating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longerbe able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008.A cynic mightspeculate that the UK is on the verge o
14、f disappearing into an endless fever ofself-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb ofculture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run yea
15、rof culturewashes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for aspell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holdersof such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bringin high-profile arts events and good press for a yea
16、r.They transform the aspirationsof the people who live there;they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolderand more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well ascooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community groups andcultural
17、organisations.But it can be done:Glasgows year as European capital ofculture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turnedthe city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A town of culture could be not just about the arts but about honouring a towns
18、peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities andabove all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a town of culture award couldA consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.B promote cooperation among Britains towns.C increase
19、 the economic strength of Britains towns.D focus Britains limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph 2,the proposal might be regarded by some asA a sensible compromise.B a self-deceiving attempt.C an eye-cotching bonus.D an inaccessible target.23.The author suggests that a title
20、holder is successful only if itA endeavours to maintain its image.B meets the aspirations of its people.C brings its local arts to prominence.D commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to presentA a contrasting case.B a supporting example.Ca background story.D a related
21、 topic.25.What is the authors attitude towards the proposal?A SkepticalB ObjectiveC FavourableD Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britains limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publi
22、shing has long been a licence to print money,Scientists needjournals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles withoutmonetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review alsofor free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and t
23、heproduction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a marketfor its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very pricesensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40%on their operations,at a ti
24、me when the rest of the publishing industry is in anexistential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25%of the scientific papersproduced in the world,made profits of more than f 900m last year,while UKuniversities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to acces
25、stheir own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despiteincreasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughlyillegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopierfor scientific papers,set up in 2012,which now claims to offer
26、access to everypay walled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies onresearchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legalecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that itworks for all participants.In Britain the mo
27、ve towards open access publishing has been driven by fundingbodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all Britishscientific research is now published under open access terms;either freelyavailable from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so thatthe publ
28、ishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishershave responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by chargingtheir writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These ra
29、nge fromaround500 to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both ofsubscriptions and of these article preparation costs had been steadily rising ata rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the socialinternet:labour is provided free in e
30、xchange for the hope of status,while hugeprofits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,weneed a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as a licence to print money partly becauseA its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.B its marketing strategy has been
31、successful.C its payment for peer review is reduced.D its content acquisition costs nothing.!27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier haveA thrived mainly on university libraries.B gone through an existential crisis.C revived the publishing industry.D financed researchers ge
32、nerously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?A Relieved.B Puzzled.C Concerned.D Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access termsA allow publishers some room to make money.B render publishing much easier for scientists.C reduce the cost of publicatio
33、n substantially.D free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?A Trial subscription is offered.B Labour triumphs over status.CCosts are well controlled.D The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.2
34、7.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way tolevel the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form o
35、fvirtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to helpaverage people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and HouseSpeaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure gender parity on boards andcommissions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis a
36、re concerned that more than half the state-government board arelessthan40 percent female.In order to ensure that elite women have more suchopportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills becomelaw,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board
37、seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia,which last yearbecame the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signingthe measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expresslyclassifies people on the basis of s
38、ex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designedto address an important policy interest,Because the California law applies toall boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likelyto rule that the law violat
39、es the constitutional guarantee of equal protection.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporateboards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing with
40、outgovernment interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between 2010 and 2015the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membershipwill inevitably lead to less experienced private sector bo
41、ards.That is exactly whathappened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number ofopportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified womento serve on such boards has led to a golden skirt phenom
42、enon,where the same elitewomen scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,rememberthat such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsorsfeelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author b
43、elieves that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad willA help little to reduce gender bias.B pose a threat to the state government.C raise womens position in politics.D greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?A It has irritated private business ow
44、ners.B It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.C It may go against the Constitution.D It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrateA the harm from arbitrary board decision.Bthe importance of constitutional guarantees.C the pressure on women in global c
45、orporations.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norways adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led toA the underestimation of elite womens roleB the objection to female participation on boards.Cthe entry of unqualified candidates into the board.D the growing tension betwee
46、n labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A Womens need in employment should be considered.B Feasibility,should be a prime concern in policy making.C Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.D Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31
47、-35）31.A help little to reduce gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4:Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digit
48、al services tax,which would imposean entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services toconsumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providinga platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based onuser data,and the tax applies
49、 to gross revenue from such services.Many Frenchpoliticians and media outlets have referred to this as aGAFA tax,meaning thatit is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple,Facebook andAmazon-in other words,multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital servi
50、ces tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron,whohas expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the nextfew weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy,with the Unite Satestrade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discri