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1、Section 15 语法填空 高考英语语法填空有提示词解题技巧 1括号内提供的是动词 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行思考。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。如：Actually I believed I would work for a few years，get _(marry)，stay home and raise a family，so I didnt think the job I took mattered that much.这个小题主要考查单句
2、层次上的语法结构。该题的关键是判断宾语从句中有 4 个谓语动词，在从句中作并列谓语。I believed I would work for a few years.I would get _(marry).I would stay home.I would raise a family.答案 married 很清楚，get married 在句子中与 I would 构成“主系表”结构。get married 强调一种已婚的状态，相当于 be married。如果没有 get 在前面，只能填入marry 作谓语。显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑，才能符合交际的需要。若句中已有谓语动词，又
3、不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词；若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.ing 形式，ed 形式，还是不定式。确定的方法主要有：作主语或宾语，通常用 v.ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。如：.but it is not enough only _(memorize)rules from a grammar book.答案 memorizing 分析这个句子的成分可知，应该是 memorizing.作真正的主语，前面的 it 是形式主语。作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v.ing)；若是被动关系，用过去分词(done)。如：_(see)from th
4、e top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.答案 Seen 可判断句中已有谓语了，表明句子不缺谓语，可知所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式，即非谓语动词形式；此时就可以利用三个步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了：第一，“see”的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”；第二，“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之间是被动关系；第三，动词的过去分词表示被动关系，因此应填“Seen”。It rained
5、heavily in the south，_(cause)serious flooding in several provinces.答案 causing 从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了，说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语，“cause”与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，即“大雨导致洪涝”；现在分词表示主动关系，因此应填“causing”，作结果状语。2括号内提供的是形容词或副词 如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。如：_(actual)I believed I would work for a
6、few years，get married，stay home and raise a family，so I didnt think the job I took mattered that much.答案 More actually 该空需要填入副词actually 在句子中作状语。有的考生填入more actually，虽然词性是对的，但是这里没有上下文比较的关系，逻辑语义不同，考生不能将语言的语法规则和语用功能有效地结合。再如：“Thirtyfive cents，”she said _(rude)答案 rudely 此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said
7、，所以要使用副词形式。但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如：At last，her courage and _(wise)impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.答案 wisdom 括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词 courage 是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式 wisdom。另外，通常有表示范围的 in/of 介词短语或形容词前有 the 时，一般要用最高级；than 的前面一定要用比较级。如：One of the _(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my h
8、igh school English teacher.因为这里是 one of the名词复数的形式，表示其中之一，因此范围是三者或三者以上，因此形容词需要用最高级的形式 worst。词然后根据以下两点进行思考若句中没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词但需填的动词与之是并列关系时所给动词就是谓语动词若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态如这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构该题的关键是判断宾果没有在前面只能填入作谓语显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑才能符合交际的需要若句中已有谓语动词又不是并列谓语时所给动词就是非谓语动词若是非谓语动词就要确定是形式形式还是不定式确定的方法主要有作主语语前面的是形
9、式主语作伴随状语通常用分词若与逻辑主语是主动关系用现在分词若是被动关系用过去分词如答案可判断句中已有谓语了表明句子不缺谓语可知所给提示词在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式即非谓语动词形式此时就可3括号内提供的是名词 括号内提供的如果是名词，尤其是单数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his 等)、指示代词(this，that等)、不定代词(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other 等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。相反，如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、
10、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否用所有格形式等。如：One of my fathers favorite _(say)as I was growing up was“Try it！”答案 sayings 这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。考查考生是否知道“one of名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语，谓语动词用单数。本句中as引导时间状语从句，表达的功能是“时空”概念。该从句没有直接放在主句之后，而是进行了插入，放在了主句的主语之后，进行强调。完整的主句是：One of my fathers favorite _(say)was“
11、Try it”从该句的主系表结构中可以看出，one of my fathers favorite _(say)在句子中作主语。say 要做两次转换：首先要转换成为名词；再将名词转为相应的复数形式。say 的名词是saying，其复数形式是 sayings。考生如果写对了 saying 只是做到了词形正确，同时还要保持单词的正确。所以正确答案是 sayings。当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词。如：There，my voice sounds really _ _(wonder)because theres a slight echo to it.答案 wonderful 括号内提供的是名
12、词，但此空作系动词 sounds 的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如：A certain man planted a rose and watered it _(faith)and before it blossomed，he examined it.答案 faithfully 括号内提供的是名词，但此空在句中作状语，修饰动词watered，所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith 变成形容词faithful，然后再变成副词 faithfully。词然后根据以下两点进行思考若句中没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词但需填的动词与之是并列关系时所给动词就是谓语动词若是谓
13、语动词就要考虑时态和语态如这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构该题的关键是判断宾果没有在前面只能填入作谓语显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑才能符合交际的需要若句中已有谓语动词又不是并列谓语时所给动词就是非谓语动词若是非谓语动词就要确定是形式形式还是不定式确定的方法主要有作主语语前面的是形式主语作伴随状语通常用分词若与逻辑主语是主动关系用现在分词若是被动关系用过去分词如答案可判断句中已有谓语了表明句子不缺谓语可知所给提示词在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式即非谓语动词形式此时就可A(2016 全国)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asias big
14、gest buildings,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top_1_(attract)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research,I_2_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 00acre centre.From tomorrow,I w
15、ill be their UK ambassador.The title will be_3_(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back_4_my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，_5_I was the first Western TV reporter_6_(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My
16、 ambassadorial duties will include_7_(introduce)British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit,I held a lively three monthold twin that had been rejected by_8_(it)mother.The nursery team switches him every few_9_(day)
17、with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，_10_other is with mum she never suspects.B(2016 全国)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of _1_(great)and less importance.Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real
18、sense of _2_(achieve)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _3_(be)often acceptable.Most of us are more focused _4_our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So,get an early start and try to be as productive _5_ possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to
19、 get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent _6_(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks_7_(regular)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for_8_while,exercising,or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing
20、 outside of the office,youll be less likely _9_(bring)your work home.It could be anythinggardening,cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it is，_10_(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.C(2016 全国)In much of Asia，especially the socalled“rice bowl”cultures of Chi
21、na，Japan，Korea，_1_Vietnam，food is usually eaten with 词然后根据以下两点进行思考若句中没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词但需填的动词与之是并列关系时所给动词就是谓语动词若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态如这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构该题的关键是判断宾果没有在前面只能填入作谓语显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑才能符合交际的需要若句中已有谓语动词又不是并列谓语时所给动词就是非谓语动词若是非谓语动词就要确定是形式形式还是不定式确定的方法主要有作主语语前面的是形式主语作伴随状语通常用分词若与逻辑主语是主动关系用现在分词若是被动关系用过去分
22、词如答案可判断句中已有谓语了表明句子不缺谓语可知所给提示词在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式即非谓语动词形式此时就可chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic，animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might_2_(make)of gold and silver with Chinese charac
23、ters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _3_(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots,_4_(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time，_5_the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces
24、 so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which_6_(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_7_lived from roughly 551 to 479 B C.，influenced the_8_(develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind
25、 people of killings and _9_(be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _10_their hands.D(2016 四川高考)The giant panda_1_(love)by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists _2_(recent)had a chance to study a wild
26、female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very _3_(care)mother.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something _4_(eat)！She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural _5_(enemy)that would try to eat the lit
27、tle panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does._6_it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.The mother continued to care for the young panda _7_more than two years.By that time，the panda no longer needed _8_(it)mother for food.However，it
28、 stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then，after two and a half years，the mother _9_(drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby，_10_it was also time for the young panda to be independent.A(2015 全国)Yangshuo，China 词然后根据以下两点进行思考若句中没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词但需填的动词与之是并列
29、关系时所给动词就是谓语动词若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态如这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构该题的关键是判断宾果没有在前面只能填入作谓语显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑才能符合交际的需要若句中已有谓语动词又不是并列谓语时所给动词就是非谓语动词若是非谓语动词就要确定是形式形式还是不定式确定的方法主要有作主语语前面的是形式主语作伴随状语通常用分词若与逻辑主语是主动关系用现在分词若是被动关系用过去分词如答案可判断句中已有谓语了表明句子不缺谓语可知所给提示词在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式即非谓语动词形式此时就可It was raining lightly when I _1 _(arrive)
30、in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours _ 2_，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with _3_(it)choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _4_ are pic
31、tured by artists in so many Chinese _5_(painting)Instead，Id heade d straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away _ 6_ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.Yangshuo _7_(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers _8_(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Y
32、angshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it _9_(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people _10_(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.B(2015 全国)The adobe dwe
33、llings(土坯房)_1_(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _2_ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _3 _(able)to“air condition”a house without _4_(use)electric equipment.Walls made o
34、f adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _5_(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _6_(cool)the house during the hot day：_7_ the same time，they warm up again for the night.This c
35、ycle _8_ (go)day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As_9_(nature)architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_10_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.C(201
36、5 广东高考)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned _1_ farm,which looked almost abandoned._2_(lucky),he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _3_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _4_(
37、leave)The cow was their only means of support,in fact.One day,the cow was eating grass _5_ it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away,she _6_(fall)over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living _7_ the cow.In order to support his family,Mr.Johnson began to plant h
38、erbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow,he started cutting down trees _8_(sell)the wood.Thinking about his 词然后根据以下两点进行思考若句中没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词但需填的动词与之是并列关系时所给动词就是谓语动词若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态如这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构该题的关键是判断宾果没有在前面只能填入作谓语显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑才能符合交际的需要若句中已有谓语动词又不是并列谓语时所给动词就是非谓语动词若是非谓语
39、动词就要确定是形式形式还是不定式确定的方法主要有作主语语前面的是形式主语作伴随状语通常用分词若与逻辑主语是主动关系用现在分词若是被动关系用过去分词如答案可判断句中已有谓语了表明句子不缺谓语可知所给提示词在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式即非谓语动词形式此时就可childrens clothes,he started growing cotton too.When harv est came around,he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the market _9_ people from the towns met reg
40、ularly.Now it occurred to _10_ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.D(2014 新课标全国)Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It _1_(be)unimaginable that it could ev
41、er be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it _2_(actual)caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of _3_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _4_ even a few months.It took years of work _5_(reduce)the industrial pollution a
42、nd clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _6_(clean)than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit _7_ is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use.When you face suc
43、h an impossible situation，dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _8_(amaze)stories of instant transformation，for most of us the _9_(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be _10_(patience)E(2014 新课标全国)One
44、morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about _1_(be)late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop，_2_ some of them looked very anxious and _3_(disappoint)When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next _4_ the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A
45、 boy on a bike _5_(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused _6_(stop)until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept _7_(ride)He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally，when we came
46、 to the next stop，the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked，“_8_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear！It s _9_(I)”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the b
47、us began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers _10_(sudden)became friendly to one another.F 词然后根据以下两点进行思考若句中没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词但需填的动词与之是并列关系时所给动词就是谓语动词若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态如这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构该题的关键是判断宾果没有在前面只能填入作谓语显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑才能符合交际的需要若句中已有谓语动词又不是并列谓语时所给动词就是非谓语动词若是非谓语动词就要确定是形
48、式形式还是不定式确定的方法主要有作主语语前面的是形式主语作伴随状语通常用分词若与逻辑主语是主动关系用现在分词若是被动关系用过去分词如答案可判断句中已有谓语了表明句子不缺谓语可知所给提示词在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式即非谓语动词形式此时就可(2014 辽宁高考)Jonny：Hey！Im just practicing Tai Chi(太极)Would you like to join me?Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice.You ju
49、st follow me like this.Peter：OK.Dont laugh _1_ me.I may look funny.Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and _2_(soft)Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake.Peter：I cannot control my body
50、 well.My legs become _3_ (pain)Jonny：Keep _4_ (hold)your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let _5_ stay in the air for seconds.Peter：I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi _6_ (call)“shadow boxing”in English.It