《2012年高三英语专题复习-阅读理解解题技巧.xls》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2012年高三英语专题复习-阅读理解解题技巧.xls（14页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、6点击朗诵外语-需要启用宏后才能使用朗诵功能启用方法：先启用编辑，然后启用宏内容。2003版启用方法如下：工具宏安全性低或中重启文档启用宏）不会 启用宏？点击查 看帮助！高三英语专题复习英语阅读理解技巧提供顾燕卿 嘉兴英语教学整理1“指读”2“声读”3“译读”4“回读”5“析读”6“参照读”7“视幅过窄”8“毛病”bad habits:教学过程中发现学生在阅读时常做些不利于阅读的坏动作。有的同学晃头、颠腿、转笔、听音乐、咬指头、趴在桌子上、揪头发等等。摒弃不良的阅读习惯。高考英语考试中阅读理解的文章一般有这样几种文体即记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文和论述文。不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络
2、层次。记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线弄清who、what、where、why与how。描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题主题词往往出现在各个句子里贯穿文章的始末紧围绕这个主题进行阅读找到文章与之有关的信息并确定信息与主题的关系。说明文多见于科普文章用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系这类文体的文章首句往往是主题句开门见山说明文章的关注对象弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。体裁分析能力论述文的阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度。阅读论述文
3、应该从文体的写作和结构特点入手.文章的结构往往容易把握用主题句开门见山。作者往往通过信号词(signal words或transitionalwords)和关联词(referents来组织段落、文章.对信号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的要特别注意区分作者的观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点同时注意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇。体裁分析能力细节理解题细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题它们大多是根据 文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等
4、。第 1 页，共 14 页做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子再对相关的部分进行细读找出正确答案。1、是非题出题形式a.三正一误 Which of the following istrue except?Which of the following is mentioned exceptb.三误一正Which of the following is true?这种做题方法主要与三正一误的下列问法相联系 Which of the following mentioned exceptWhich of the following is not mentioned?这种问题的正确选
5、项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段而且往往无列举标志词如first secondthird等。做题时只需阅读有关段落 根据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其他两个正确先项 剩下一个原文中未提到的为正确答案。分析题干能力2、例证题例子为高考阅读理解的常见考点之一这类题的基本结构为:The author provides in line(或Paragraph)anexample inorder to意思是问文中举出某现象或例子的目的。文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定的道理。关键在于这个例 子在原文出现的位置 但不管如何这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话 这句话就是答案 即举例的目的
6、。如果例子与全文主题有关 则例证主题 答案为主题句。如果例子与段落主题有关 就例证段落主题则答案为段落主题句 此外答案为例子前后总结说明性的话。分析题干能力3、年代与数字:这个考点有几种出题方式 但不管以何种形式出现只要题干问年代与数字 答案就对应于文章中的年代与数字。4、比较:比较考点的表现形式主要有a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构b.表示绝对意义的字眼 第 2 页，共 14 页first(第一)least(最不)most(最)等c.表示惟一性的词汇 only,unique等阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇 便于做题时回原文定位。分析题干能力5、原因这种题的答案在
7、原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段提示result,reason;result in(结果)resultfrom(由于baseon(以为基础)be due to(由于)because,for,why;as a result,consequently等。阅读时对这些提示词应该予以注意。原文相关句出现的格式都是先说原因后说结果而在题干中通常给出结果 就其原因提问。分析题干能力Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian,hostof the well received TV programme“StarsTonight”Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of1991appeare
8、d as the guest hostess on the ShanghaiTV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when shewas only six years old Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Herchildhood dream was to be an air hostess.Beforeshe took part in the competition,she had been anairhostess in Cat hay Airl
9、ine for seven years.Howeverit still took her three months to learnthe art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other propermanners,designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enterfor such competition any more.Anyhow,I am quitelucky.I am also glad to have ha
10、d more chance towork for the social welfare since I won the title.This time,in Shanghai,Id love to make a deepimpression on my TV audience,said Luo Lin with asweet smile.QWhich of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Linmoved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Linwon th
11、e title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become MissAsia.解析 A、C 和D都可在原文找到答案而B项原文列的是taken to Hong Kong可判断不是moved to Hong Kong with herparents因此选B。return主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种 第 3 页，共 14 页1The general/main idea of the passage is about_2Which of the following best states the theme ofth
12、e passage3In this passage the author discusses primarily_4The passage is mostly about _ 5 Thepassage is mainly concerned about _ 6What is the main topic of the passage7What is the best title for the passage 8The subject discussed in this text is _9The authors main purposein writing the passageis to?
13、10The passage is meant to.?11The purposeofthis article is to 分析题干能力在解主题大意时以下方法可供参考。1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词 即高频词 也叫做主题词。04年全国卷1河南等E篇中major出现过八次尽管其词性、词义有所不同但它就是关键词。3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。例如 On the whole,in short,therefore I agree with the opinion thatGiven all these po
14、ints above,I would support theidea thatFor all the reasons mentioned above,I wouldprefer掌握了找主题句的方法就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误需要同学们注意。1 以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。分析题干能力Sample1People have different tastes in food.Some feelthat they
15、havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak orother red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eatone or the other at every meal.Others prefervegetables and fruits or 第 4 页，共 14 页grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live onwhat were called fast-foods:a ha
16、mburger or hotdog,French fries and a soft drink.1主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文 科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacherwho tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer tobe left to work on their own.Still others like ademocratic discussion type of class.No oneteaching
17、method can be devised tosatisfy all students at the same time.2 主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on adark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions areso helpful to achild who is afraid of the dark.In fact,themodern fla
18、shlight brings light to many darksituations.Finding something in the back of acloset is easywith a flashlight in hand.A camper also needs oneafter the light of the campfire has been out.3在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.return有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型 1)It can be inferre
19、d from the text that _.2)From the text we know that _.3)The story implies that _.4)The paragraphfollowing the passage will most probably be _.5)The writers attitude toward.is _.6)The author impliedsuggestedthat7)It maybe concluded from the passage that8)Which ofthe following statements does the pass
20、agesupport9)With which of the following does theauthor agree 分析题干能力考作者观点态度的提问方式有1)The author seems to think that _.2)The writer is trying to present a point of viewin _.3)The author wants to appeal to _.4)The authors style is _.5)The authorstone would be best described as _.6)What isthe authors opin
21、ion of _?7)The writer believe that_?8)What is the authors main purpose in thepassage?9 In the authors opinion_?分析题干能力推断题1.解推断题应注意(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。第 5 页，共 14 页2.解推断题的方法 解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。确定作者态度可以有两种思路 1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题)可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度 2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度则可以定位到具
22、体相关句然后确定答案。分析题干能力Example 1One day a man walked into a pet shop and said tothe shop assistant“I need two small mice andabout five dozen roaches(蟑螂)and twospiders.”“What do you need these things for?”the shopassistant was verysurprised.“Well”replied the man“Immoving out of my apartment and the landlor
23、d insiststhat I should leave the house in exactly thesame condition as I found it.”QThe passagesuggests that when the writer moved into the house,it was _.A.very clean B.just cleaned by the landlord C.tidy and comfortable D.dirty and full ofinsects解析 他要搬出所租的房子 而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢
24、复”因此推出答案为D。Example 2Some people are never right.They never have goodluck.They usually do the wrong thing and say thewrong thing.And even if what they say or do isOK they as a rule say it or do it at the wrongtime.Sothese people always have problems.They often breakdishes.Theysometimes miss buses and
25、 airplanes.第 6 页，共 14 页Mr.Neff is different.He is always right.He isnever wrong.He usually has good luck.He seldomhas problems.He never breaks dishes.He nevermisses buses or airplanes.Even if he does missthemit isalways the fault of the buses or air planes.Mr.Neff knows almosteverything.He doesnt as
26、k questionshe answersquestions.He neversays“I dont know.”QWhich of the following best describes thewriters attitude to Mr.Neff?A.He finds Mr.Neff hard to understand.B.He thinks Mr.Neff wonderful.C.He feels pityfor Mr.Neff.D.He does not like Mr.Neff.解析 从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度 特别是Even if he doesmiss them it
27、 is always the fault of the buses orthe airplanes.误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢明显是讥讽 也是暗示他对Mr.Neff的讨厌之情。答案为D。return如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有 1The underlined word phrasein the passagemeans _2The word itthemin the first paragraphrefers to _ 3The underlined sentence in thelast paragraph means _ 4 Which of t
28、hefollowing is closest in meaning to the underlinedword in the second paragraph 分析题干能力一根据常识、经验猜生词例如The old man put on his spectacles and began toreadThe door was so low that I hit the head on thelintel 猜词能力二根据上下文解释做出判断其方法主要有 1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词。例如Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to getthemai
29、n idea before you begin to read it carefully The harbor is protected by a jettya wall builtout into thewater2利用事例或解释猜生词。例如 第 7 页，共 14 页The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseasesof theeye3利用重复解释的信息猜生词。例如Mr.Smith always arrives home punctuallyneitherearly norlate猜词能力4根据同位关系进行判断 阅读中出现一些难词 有时后面就
30、是一个同位语对前面的词进行解释这种解释有时也用连词“or”连接。aNMET2001 D篇 and other Germanic andNordic peoples who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxonor Old English a Germanic languagebNMET2002 A篇 The Chunnela tunnel隧道connecting England and France is now complete猜词能力三利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义One of the obstacles to false reading isvocalizi
31、ngsaying the words to themselves in a low voiceTheearly scientific study of chemistry knownasalchemy grew up in Egypt in the first fewcenturiesAD猜词能力 四 根据上下文的指代关系进行选择文章中的代词it thathe him或them可以指上文提到的人或物 其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远要认真查找 也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结才能得出代词所指代的事。例如 NMET2002A篇原题第57题What does the
32、underlined word itparagraph 2refer toADiscovering the moons inner space B Using theearths inner space C Meeting themoonpeople“again 第 8 页，共 14 页DTraveling to outer space 原文 However the question that moon peopleasked isstill an interesting one A growing number ofscientists areseriously thinking about
33、 it 猜词能力由此可以看出it指上句中的the question 而the question又指第一段中月球人所提的问题。所以根据第一段中的问题Why are you traveling to outer space when you donteven use your inner space 就可以判断出答案为B。五根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据上下句的连接词 如buthowever otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别 从而依据某一句的含义来确定另一句的含义。分号 还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。He has been getting better but during
34、 the nighthiscondition deteriorated 猜词能力(六)根据因果关系进行判断根据原因可以预测结果 根据结果也可以找出原因。NMET2001 A篇Biggest power failure in thecityshistoryAll of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted 猜词能力后一句承接前一句前一句的原因导致后一句的结果。根据因果关系 停电很可能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品溶化 所以melted的词义应为溶化。七 根据构词法 合成、派生、转化进行判断英语中有很多词可以在前面加前缀后面加后缀从而构成一个词 乍看起来 这个词可能是生
35、词但掌握了一定的构词法知识 就不难猜出它的词义。例如 NMET2002 B篇 Market research shows that Goldand others who buy organic food can generally giveclearreasons for their preferences-but their knowledgeof organicfood is far from complete 猜词能力我们知道prefer的意思是宁愿 愿意根据上下文可以判断prefer的名词形式preference的含义应是偏爱爱好。根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求建议同学们在
36、以下几个方面加强自我训练 1猜测熟词新含义例1:The major market force restsin t he growing population of white collar 第 9 页，共 14 页 employees(白领雇员)who canafford the new service.例2:“It was the best night we had ever had”,said AngelaCarraro,who runs an Italian restaurant.猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外 还要求同学们有较宽的知识面对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法
37、 并将这些词进行简要归纳整理。2 猜测词性变换新词含义When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 yearsagohow could they even begin to picture modernlife?利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义 关键应在理解原词的基础上分析它的新词性并结合原词含义发挥合理想象 从而概括抽象出它的新词义。猜词能力反问法 绝对词否决法;答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有:must,always,never,the most,all,only,have to,any,no,very,completely,none
38、,hardly等。怀疑词判断法选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多数),more or less,relatively,be likelyto,possible,whether or,not necessarily等。关键词对应法(ABC=ABC法;ABC=ABC法;ABC=CBA法;ABCABD法)选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项而同义替换的一般是选项。猜答案能力锅盖法较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。A.to be more successful in his car
39、eerB.to solvetechnical problemsC.to be more specialized in hisfield D.to develop his professional skill 第 10 页，共 14 页B“解决技术问题”C“深化专业”D“发展职业技能”。这三项表达的意思都比较具体 而A项则概括地有深度包括了B、C、D三项内容。选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的字面意思一般不是答案项 而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。猜答案能力其他技巧 1.文长题少2.文短题多3.重点读段首句和段未句 看是否有主题句4.问题要求解答案数字、人名、地名、时间5.抓关键词的办法6.画下不懂的难句猜答案能力提供顾燕卿嘉兴英语教学整理 第 11 页，共 14 页 第 12 页，共 14 页http:/看 启用 宏的视 频http:/