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1、北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模考试英 语2023.3（考试时间90分 钟 满 分 100分）本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第 一 节（共 10小题；每小题1.5分，共 15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I grasped a sandwich as I tried to finish my work during lunch.My company,like many companies,hadj_ costsby not repla
2、cing people as they left.The survivors had to take up the work.For me and my co-workers,this meantno lunch hour.I wanted to quit,but given the economy,it was hard to find another job.I felt 2.Then a conversationwith a six-year-old girl changed my 3.The young girl was standing in line with her mom at
3、 the supermarket.“Good day at school?”I asked.A nod.“Whats your favorite subject?”“Lunch.”I smiled.That had been my_4 too.At lunch,I could talk with my friends,draw pictures or play games.Therewere no adults to tell me what to do.The time was mine.But what happened to lunch time now?I knew I was ent
4、itled to a lunch break at work.So I decided to 5 it.Our office was located in the downtown andI set out to_6 the area.A few blocks away was an art museum with free admission.At the end of another street,I wassurprised to discover some horses eating grass in a field.At the beginning of my tours durin
5、g lunch,I received some 7 stares from my co-workers,but I chose to ignorethem.In fact,I watched in amazement that some of them started tog their work during lunch.9,we started invitingeach other out for walks and discovered we had other topics of conversation beyond the common complaints aboutwork.I
6、m still looking for a new position,but with less anxiety than before.If we cant change our 10,we can changeour attitude.1.A.countedB.cutC.paidD.raised2.A.trappedB.fearfulC.shockedD.hurt3.A.workB.wayC.viewD.plan4.A.decisionB.explanationC.secretD.answer5.A.takeB.makeC.findD.stop6.A.exploreB.measureC.d
7、evelopD.identify7.A.innocentB.determinedC.sympatheticD.unpleasant8.A.carry onB.take overC.put asideD.go through9.A.GenerallyB.GraduallyC.AccidentallyD.Obviously10.A.strategiesB.circumstancesC.responsibilitiesD.principles第 二 节(共 10小题；每小题1.5 分，共 15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内
8、所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AMy son Zack suffered from autism(自 闭 症)when he was two.Watching a movie together was an importantroutine for us.On an ordinary spring day,we were enjoying one of his favorite movies that he 11(see)many timesbefore.I took his hand as usual.Suddenly he stood up and wrapped his
9、arms around me in a big bear hug.You couldimagine V2 excited I was.Although it was just a hug,it meant a lot to me,_3(fill)me with great joy.BThis year,the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books,14 theme was a Reading China”，washeld on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide.It L5(ca
10、rry)out a variety of activities such as book exhibitionsand cultural performances.Books displayed in the exhibition were philosophical and artistic,which closely met theneeds of overseas readers.Overall,this years book exhibition presented the newest and J6_(fine)Chinesepublications to local readers
11、 so that they could better understand China in the new era.CChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence technology 7(create)by Open AL It enables machines tounderstand and respond to human conversations in a _8_(nature)and conversational way.ChatGPT has shaken thetech world since it was opened for publ
12、ic use last year.While it certainly comes across as knowledgeable,it*s far 19perfect.It cannot answer questions about things that have happened recently because it_20(train)using data from2021 and before.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第 一 节(共 14小题；每小题2 分，共 28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe Ec
13、onomic and Social Council(ECOSOC)Youth Forum is an annual initiative of the President of theCouncil.It has developed into a key platform where young people can contribute to policy discussions at the UnitedNations(UN).This year*s Youth Forum will take place from 25 to 27 April,2023.ObjectivesThe For
14、um aims to engage young people in a dialogue with Member States,policymakers and other actors tovoice their views and inspire actions on how to transform the world into a better place guided by the SustainableDevelopment Goals(SDGs).Participants will also have the opportunity to contribute to the pr
15、eparatory processof the SDG Summit.The 2023 Forum will address the theme on speeding up the recovery from the COVID-19 and the fullimplementation(实 施)of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.It will also review progress in theareas of affordable and clean energy,and sustainable cities and comm
16、unities,ete.FormatThe three-day event will feature plenary（全体出席的）sessions and regionally based discussions,with thelast day designed for the preparation of the 2023 SDG Summit.Talented youth speakers will deliver shortpresentations in between sessions.Participation in the Forum is by invitation only
17、.The youth participants are selected by National Youth Councils,regional youth organizations,etc.The event will be held in a mixed way allowing for opportunities for in-person and virtual participation.Participants will also be able to ask questions via social media.The voices from last years partic
18、ipants2022 Forum Participants Takeaway!2022 Forum Participants Advice!The Youth Forum gave me the opportunity to u Using sources the team provides will increase thediscover the skills required to master public speaking.efficiency and effectiveness of completing tasks.I alsoThe time management is cha
19、llenging but we finished allstrongly advise them to be open to hearing everyonestasks even with a tight schedule.different opinions from an objective point of view.”21.The ECOSOC Youth Forum 2023 willA.discuss the global recovery issueB.select the youth leaders for the UNC.set goals for sustainable
20、developmentD.gather young people to build a platform22.According to the passage,the young participants can.A.register to join in the Forum personallyB.give brief speeches in plenary sessionsC.take part in the event online and offlineD.attend the SDG Summit after the Forum23.What is the advice from20
21、22 participants?A.To be willing to consider various voices.B.To make time arrangements a top priority.C.To master public speaking skills in advance.D.To be efficient with the help of policymakers.BI was four when Dad first showed me how to skim stones,a game in which one throws smooth flat stones in
22、toa river to make them jump across the surface.Id pass hours on beaches with my brother,picking up muddy stonesand skimming them.It was satisfying making them dance on the surface.That perfect skim,where the stone glided（滑行），brought me fantastic feelings-and still does.I was a competitive child and
23、good at throwing.I enjoyedjavelin（标枪）and was on a baseball team,but skimming stones was just for fun.In adulthood,things changed.In August 2017,an advertisement for the All England Open Stone SkimmingChampionships drew my attention.I signed up and paid 2 for three stones.I skimmed 28 metres and trie
24、d again andagain,buying more stones to feed my desire,finally reaching 37 metres-which won me third place.I drove homeexcitedly,and 20 lighter.I returned to the 2018 championship,hoping for a champion.Walking on to the small throwing platform in mytrainers,I threw a decent 44 metres and won.I spotte
25、d someone wearing a competition sweater with“World”written across it.Wheres that?”I asked and he told me about the annual World Stone Skimming Championshipsin Scotland.It was a month away and a six-hour drive.I thought about the cost and distance for weeks until,the day beforethe contest,the feeling
26、 of winning made a decision for me.Pm going.I arrived at a hotel at 10 pm,but couldntsleep for nerves and excitement.Early the next morning,I drove to the crossing where the competitors had begunwaiting.Ropes and buoys（浮标）marked a 63-metre couarse.I had no idea if my best score was good enough towin
27、.When my name was called at the prize-giving ceremony that afternoon,I was oveijoyed.I was the womensworld champion.Pm a big believer in giving things a go.Im 42,and to become a world champion at this stage is pretty left-field.It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day-and proof that a c
28、hildhood spent throwing muddy stones frombeaches wasnt wasted.24.What did the author enjoy about the stone skimming as a child?A.The competitiveness of the sport.B.The outstanding ability at throwing.C.The satisfaction the glide of the stone brings.D.The fun time she spent with her dad at the beach.
29、25.What mainly helped the author all the way through every championship?A.Her discipline.B.Her desire to win.C.Her confidence.D.Her efforts on training.26.What can we conclude from the passage?A.Take it easy in face of challenges.B.Change the world by being yourself.C.A bigger stage is ready for tho
30、se who try.D.Either I will find a way,or I will make one.CClown fish live their adult lives in the protective arms of sea anemones,the small brightly colored sea animalsattached onto rocks to house clown fish.Between birth and adulthood,however,the fish have to complete atreacherous journey.After ha
31、tching,they swim out to the open sea to finish developing.After maturing,the youngfish swim back,during which they have to avoid a“wall of mouths“by sensing the unfriendly smells.With oceanacidification,a trend that is occurring worldwide,scientists began to wonder what might happen to fish*s sense
32、ofsmell.My team put 300 recently hatched clown fish in our lab.When we introduced a friendly fish odor（气味），they did not react.But when we introduced an enemy odor,they swam away.We then repeated the experiment with300 new hatchlings from the same parents in the more acidic water-a level we can expec
33、t by the year 2100 if currenttrends continue.When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time,the fish seemed unable to makeup their minds,spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other.They could sense chemical signalsbut couldnt recognize the meaning of them.It is al
34、ways tricky to say that behaviors seen in a lab would also be seen in the wild.So we went to a sandy lakenear one of the Great Barrier Reefs northern islands to test how wild-caught damselfish would react to enemy smellsafter exposing them to acidic water.In a tank,about half of them held in water w
35、ith acidity expected by 2050 wereattracted to the unfriendly odor and half were not,yet not one held in water anticipated by 2100 avoided beingattracted to the enemy odor.We then let the marked damselfish loose in the lake.The fish once held in the most acidicwater swam farther away from their prote
36、ctive home.Can fish adapt?Most studies have habituated fish to liftedacidic conditions over a few days or months-an extremely short length of time.The animals are not given a realisticopportunity to adapt.Yet some scientists thought that fish might escape the anger of ocean acidification,in partbeca
37、use early research done in the 1980s showed that certain animals had an astonishing ability to regulate theirinternal chemistry to survive acidified water.But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a differentchallenge.At a minimum,confusion could place yet another stressor on fish
38、already challenged by rising watertemperatures,overfishing,etc.Further,if many ocean creatures start to behave strangely,entire food webs andecosystems could come crashing down.Although the science is still new,the results appear to be lining up:oceanacidification is messing with fishs minds.27.What
39、 does the underlined word u treacherous in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Risky.B.Hurried.C.Mysterious.D.Helpless.28.What can we learn about the fish in the acidic water?A.They lost their senses to chemical signals.B.They were less likely to respond to threats.C.Their behavior in the lab disappeared in
40、 the wild.D.They tended to seek the protection from their home.29.What can be inferred from the passage?A.The authors study confirms previous findings.B.Fishs adaptation to acidic water is a matter of time.C.Different fishes behave differently to acidity change.D.The chances of restoring fishs minds
41、 are yet to be seen.30.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.What Do Different Stressors Do to Ocean Creatures?B.What Does Ocean Acidity Mean to Ocean Creatures?C.How Does Ocean Acidification Destroy the Ecosystem?D.How Do Ocean Creatures Adapt to Ocean Acidification?DA sn
42、ake-robot designer,a technologist,an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.Thejournalist turns to the crowd and asks:Should we build houses on the ocean?Like a think-tank panel,members ofthe team dream 1 up far-out answers to the crucial problem,such as self-driving housing un
43、its that could park on topof one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X,the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year,in areas ranging from cleanenergy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become“projects“with far-reaching creativity,these projects e
44、xist,ultimately,to change the world,like Waymo,the biggest self-driving-car company.In the past60 years,something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thrived（蓬勃发展），the labelinnovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor,but the rate of pro
45、ductivitygrowth has been mostly declining since the 1970s.John Fernald,an economist,points out that the notable exceptionto the post-1970 decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out thebreakthrough technology-information technology.John Fernald says,It
46、s possible that productivity took off,because we picked all the low-hanging fruit from the IT wave.Actually,the world economy continues to harvestthe benefits of IT.But where will the next technology shock come from?Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities-invention and innovatio
47、n.Invention is typically thework of scientists and researchers in labs,while innovation is an invention put to commercial use.Seldom do the twoactivities occur successfully under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions;while competition andconsumer choice encourage innovation,invent
48、ion has historically progressed in labs that are protected from thepressure to generate profit.Allowing well-funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and theInternet.Today,we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research,whi
49、le complainingabout the harvest.uCompanies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists,not the rush to market,“says Jon Gertner,theauthor of The Idea Factory.Technology is a tall tree,“John Fernald sai
50、d.But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruitof innovation are entirely distinct skills,often mastered by different organizations and separated by many years.”As for me,both of them are essential for technology,although they are relatively independent.I dont think X is aplanter or a