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1、高中英语选择性必修一课文原文和翻译unit1This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led toimproved health for millions
2、 of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo,
3、 China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated fromPeking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for
4、malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanic
5、al treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.One medical tex
6、t from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tus team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boilingfresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their
7、project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparentlydestroyed its medical properties. Using a lower te
8、mperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make surethat it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria pati
9、ents, most of whom recovered. This medicine，which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a te
10、am behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。青蒿素挽救了数十万人
11、的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。全世界每年有超过2亿人罹患疟疾，约60万人死于疟疾。青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。屠呦呦是一位坚定而耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。1969年，她成为北京项目的负责人，并决定复阅中国古代医药文献，寻找这种疾病的传统植物疗法。她的团队查阅了2000多本古老的医药文
12、献，并对280 000种植物的药用价值进行了评估。在他们的研究中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代疗法，这些方法为抗击疟疾带来了希望。一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青蒿，但没有发现效果。然后，他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸，并用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。她再次分析了一遍医药文献，偶然间，她发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法来处理青蒿。她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药用价值。她用较低的温度提取提取物，发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了190多次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团
13、队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分受试患者都康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是一个团队努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我的国家的全体人民。这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。”unit2 SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house? Or, have y
14、ou ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch of
15、f the TV when we forget. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.Intelligent Controls Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners.In the future, we w
16、ill be using advanced technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use integrated sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all by itself. You will no longer have to think about turning switche
17、s on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come onthe instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner alreadyprepa
18、red for you. All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.Regular Health Checks In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record how
19、well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send awarning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as wel
20、l. They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have acritical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.No More Disasters Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. For example, if a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in th
21、e electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used
22、 in some homes.In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.智能家居让生活更轻松你有没有曾忘记锁门？或者，你曾经忘记关掉电视或电脑吗？这种事情经常发生在我们身上，浪费资源，有时还会导致问题。然而，在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能住宅中。当我们外出时，智能家居会为我们锁门；当我们忘记关电视时，智能家居会记得关掉它。
23、这些智能住宅将使我们安全，节省能源，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。智能控制今天，我们必须使用电灯的开关，电器的旋钮，电视和空调的遥控器 。在未来，我们每天都会使用先进技术对家中几乎所有东西进行自动化控制。未来的家庭将使用集成的传感器来告诉你每天早上什么时候离开家，然后自己进入节能模式。你将不再需要考虑自己打开和关闭开关。你的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为你准备好。你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。并且你会发现你的晚餐已经为你准备好了。所有的控制都会响应语音指令，所以如果你想改变你的日常工作，你只要
24、大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。定期健康检查此外，你的智能家居每天都会监测你的健康状况。例如，你的床会记录你每晚的睡眠质量。它也会检查你的体重。如果你开始有睡眠或体重问题，它会向你的手机发送警告。它还会为你提供更健康的饮食和如何睡得更好的建议。智能马桶也会持续记录你的健康状况。如果有什么不正常的情况，或者你有严重的疾病，比如癌症，它们可以提前警告你，并可能挽救你的生命。没有更多的灾难智能家居将能够防止事故造成的严重损害。例如，如果水管漏水或发生电线短路，你的智能房屋将会探测出来，并给你提供相关的信息。这样，你就能在房子被水淹或着火之前解决这个问题。这种智能技术不是幻想。许多这样的新发明已
25、经可以使用，并在一些家庭中使用。从这种意义上来讲，明天的家已经是今天的家了。然而，要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。unit3 Sarek National Park-Europes Hidden Natural Treasure1 A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning
26、or night is impossible. Im above the Arctic Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. Checking my watch, I see that it is 7: 30 a.m. I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge. Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. Im in the remote far north of
27、Sweden in Sarek National Park, a place with no roads or towns.2 A Land of Mountain and IceSareks mountains used to be covered by vast sheets of ice. Around 9, 000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer were the Sami
28、 people, who made this territory their home. Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. In 1909, Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in its natural state. Though the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in
29、the park, no one else can live here, and all new development is banned within park boundaries. At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami cottage is visible. Close by, there are a few reindeer feeding on grass.3 Man at Peace with NatureFor hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of l
30、ife for the Sami. They used the reindeers meat for food, their bones for tools, and their skin for making clothes and tents. Since reindeer were always on the move, the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them. Today, most Sami have houses in villages near Sarek and live a modern life just
31、like their neighbours. But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions. I am not a Sami, but in Sarek Ive adopted some of their habits. For example, this morning my breakfast is flat bread w
32、armed over a fire, dried reindeer meat, and some sweet and sour berries that I found growing near my tent.4 A Land of AdventureAfter breakfast, I pack my bag and set out again. Since I must carry all of my food and supplies with me, my bag weighs about 30 kilograms. If today is anything like yesterd
33、ay, it will be full of sweat and hard work as I hike over this difficult land to my destination on the other side of the valley. However, I cannot complain. Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive. Here I am, alone under this broad sky, breathing the fresh air, and
34、 enjoying this great adventure. What could be better?萨勒克国家公园欧洲隐藏的自然宝藏风噼里啪啦地拍打着我的帐篷，我在这声音中醒来。即使阳光明媚，也无法分辨是早上还是晚上。我在北极圈上方，夏天太阳永不落山。我看了看手表，发现已经是早上7：30。我离开帐篷，走到山边。拉帕河的支流在我面前展开，流经下面的山谷。我身处瑞典北端遥远的萨勒克国家公园，一个既没有道路也没有城镇的地方。萨勒克的山脉曾经被巨大的冰层覆盖。大约在9 000年前，这些冰融化了，留下了大约100条冰川。不久之后，驯鹿来到这里。在驯鹿之后来的是萨米人，他们在这片土地上安家落户。到达
35、这里相当困难，所以除了萨米人以外，很少有人见过萨勒克。1909年，萨勒克被列为国家公园，以保持该土地的自然状态。虽然萨米人被允许在公园里继续他们的传统生活方式，但其他人不可以在这里生活，公园范围内的一切新开发项目都被禁止了。在山谷的另一边，可以看到一座古老的萨米人小屋。附近，有几只驯鹿在草地上觅食。数百年来，照顾驯鹿一直是萨米人的生活方式。他们用驯鹿肉做食物，用鹿骨做工具，用鹿皮做衣服和帐篷。由于驯鹿总在移动，萨米人会收拾他们的帐篷并一路陪伴它们。如今，大多数萨米人在萨勒克附近的村庄有房子，并且与他们邻居一样过着现代化的生活。但每年春天，仍有少数萨米人跟随他们的驯鹿进入萨勒克山谷，住在帐篷或旧
36、农舍里，享受他们的传统。我不是萨米人，但在萨勒克，我已经接受了他们的一些习惯。例如，今天早上，我的早餐是在火上烤的扁面包，驯鹿肉干，还有一些我在帐篷附近找到的酸甜浆果。早餐过后，我收拾行李，再次出发。由于我必须随身携带所有的食物和用品，我的包大概有30公斤重。如果今天和昨天差不多，那将会充满汗水和艰辛，因为我要徒步跨越这片地形艰险的土地，到达峡谷另一端的目的地。但是，我不能抱怨。身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方，我感到活着是幸运的。我独自一人在这广阔的天空下，呼吸着新鲜的空气，享受着这伟大的冒险。还有什么能比这更好的？Unit4Listening to How Bodies TalkWe use
37、both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. Wecan learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move theirhands can also give us information
38、about their feelings.Just like spoken language, body language varies from cultureto culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contactlooking into someones eyesin some countries is a wayto display interest. In oth
39、er countries, by contrast,eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.The gesture for “OK” hasdifferent meanings i
40、n different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think itmeans money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making thisgesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered po
41、lite.Even the gestures we usefor “yes” and “no”differ around theworld. In many countries, shaking ones head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, thegestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we toucheach other, how close we
42、stand to someone we are talking to, and how we actwhen we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kisstheir friends on the cheek when theymeet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when theymeet someone else.Some gestures seem tohav
43、e the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting themon the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way ofsaying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after ameal.Some body language hasmany different uses. Perhaps the best example
44、is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in aworld of strangers. A smile can breakdown barriers.We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself
45、feel happier and stronger. And if we are feelingdown or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a goodfriend.倾听身体的诉说在与他人交流时，我们既使用言语也通过身势语来表达我们的想法和观点。通过观察别人的身势语，我们可以了解很多他们的想法。言语固然重要，但是人们站立、握紧手臂、移动双手的方式也能帮助我们了解他们的情绪。就像口头语言一样，身势语因文化而异。关键是使用身势语的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。例如，在有些国家，眼神交流看着别人的眼睛是
46、表现兴趣的一种方式。相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如，在许多中东国家，男女不允许在社交场合进行眼神交流。在日本，和年长的人讲话时，目光向下以表示尊敬。“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本，如果看到另一个人用这个手势，可能认为这意味着钱。在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。但是在巴西和德国，你应该避免使用这个手势，因为它被认为是不礼貌的。甚至我们用来表示“是”与“不是”的手势，在世界各地也不同。在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，这两种手势的含义是相反的。差异还表现在我们彼此接触的方式，我们与谈话对象的距离
47、，以及我们见面或告别时的行为。在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们和朋友见面时可能会亲吻他们的脸颊。在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手，弯腰鞠躬或者点头。有些手势似乎在每个地方都有相同的含义。双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。用餐后轻轻用手在胃部转圈表示“我饱了”。有些身势语有许多不同的用途。最好的例子也许是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们度过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破障碍。我们可以用微笑来道歉，跟某人打招呼，寻求帮助或者开始对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑来让自己更快乐、更坚强。Unit5A Pioneer for All PeopleUse word formation to gu
48、ess the meaningYuan Longping, known asthe “father of hybridrice”, is one of Chinas most famous scientists. Yet, heconsiders himself a farmer because he continually works the land in hisresearch. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions ofChinese farmers, to whom he has devotedh
49、is life.Yuan Longping was bornin 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science ormedicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poorharvests and sometimes even had a seriousshortageof food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agricultureand received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.After graduating in1953, he worked as a researc