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1、2023届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模英语试题学校:姓名：班级:考号：一、完形填空It had been an interesting soccer match.Jerry was so absorbed in it thateveryone 1 his passion for sports.He also developed a 2 attitude towardsacquiring such a soccer uniform.Whatever he desires,he asks his parents to purchase it in asplit of seconds.“Mom,I w
2、ant a soccer uniform,he begged his mother.“OK,said his mother,4tbut you need to have 3The days passed by,but he got no 4 from his parents.His dream seemed tocollapse.However,Jerry never gave up his idea.He kept thinking how to achieve it as earlyas possible.A sparkling idea struck his mind.He could
3、5 one of his T-shirts,but whatif his mother saw and scolded（责备）?Though anxious,he finally made up his mind.He drew a circle with the help of a bowl and modified the soccer image onto the T-shirt.He also took 6 to avoid the spread of color onto the other side of it.It was aremarkable piece of work.“J
4、erry!What are you doing?his mother suddenly appeared.“I may not get the uniform,but I can try to paint the image on my T-shirt,I thought.Hewas 7 to face his mother.But out of his expectation,his mother 8 him for hiswork ignoring the mistake.She did not mind the T-shirt in the presence of the idea of
5、painting.“Its OK,said Mom.“If we had fulfilled your every want,your inborn 9 would have been hidden.You wouldnt have thought of other alternative in getting the uniform.That adds toyour 10 to achieve your goal,she said.“Thank you,He ran playfully.1.A.controlledB.sensedC.supportedD.expected2.A.thirst
6、yB.realisticC.cautiousD.selfish3.A.confidenceB.motivationC.inspirationD.patience4.A.decisionB.responseC.judgmentD.recognition5.A.purchaseB.exchangeC.paintD.sew6.A.interestB.energyC.courageD.care7.A.eagerB.surprisedC.afraidD.relieved8.A.appreciatedB.blamedC.rewardedD.thanked9.A.tasteB.fondnessC.talen
7、tD.fear10.A.willpowerB.honestyC.responsibilityD.tolerance二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Wang was born and grew up in America,but she 11(build)solid ties withChinese culture since she was a little girl.She is now riding a new trend:mixing andmatching moder
8、n clothes with traditional Han dress,or hanfu.She has been posting videos of12(she)dressed in hanfu on the Internet,which has attracted many fans on Chineselifestyle.4tI love hanfu.Fve made many videos,13(aim)to help more people leamabout it,“Wang told Beijing Review.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰
9、当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Engineers invented a new device to produce solar electricity at night.Solar panelstransform sunlight into energy,so they 14(traditional)work only during daylighthours.This device,however 15(use)a thermoelectric generator,which createsenergy from differences in temperatu
10、re.In this case,cool evening air is a slightly differenttemperature than the solar cell in the panel.That becomes e n e r g y,6 istransformed into electricity.The device could be helpful in areas 17(locate)farfrom a power grid(电网).阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A stud
11、y showed how much dogs love their owners.In the experiment,the-researchersfirst/measured how many tears 18(produce)by dogs when they were just spendingtime at home with their owners.The team then repeated the experiment,this time with dogs试卷第2 页，共 11页that were reunited with their owners 19 being apa
12、rt for five hours.The resultsshowed dogs only shed tears during the reunions.The team now wants to findout 20 dogs have a similar emotional response when reunited with other dogs.三、阅读理解Give a little sunshine!The Council on Aging(COA)runs a telephone friendship project called the SunshineCall Program
13、,matching over-60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone.The aim is simple-to help ease the loneliness and repair social networks.Sheila,77,a retired teacher,lived alone.She has been receiving calls from Rianne,avolunteer,for over two months.Talking to Rianne is something I reall
14、y look fonvard to-abreath of fresh air.We talk about everythingtheatre,her work,books we ve read.Listeningto someone else s life enriches you and gives you something positive to focus on.”“At the beginning,I had no expectation of how the phone calls would go,hut itswonderfid that its led to a genuin
15、e friendship.Rianne helps me a lot.Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a seniors life?The Sunshine Call Programinitially links a volunteer with an isolated(独居的)senior for a daily call.When comfortable,the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call.Then another,until there are four senior
16、sto one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call.Without having to leave the house,you will help the seniors meet and make new friends.They will then exchange phonenumbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.What are the volunteer qualifications?Volunteers must have access to t
17、he Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of achat app.COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls.Besides,volunteers mustagree to participate in monthly meetings with other volunteers and guest speakers.Allvolunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Check,t
18、he cost of which willbe borne by COA.And the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and adesire to help seniors in the community!If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program,never hesitate!Just CLICKHERE to fill out the application form.21.Why does the passage mention
19、 Sheilas experience?A.To show her lonelinessB.To share a sweet memory.C.To stress the value of CoAD.To praise Riannes kindness.22.One of the responsibilities of volunteers isA.making weekly calls to seniorsB.visiting seniors during holidaysC.introducing new friends to seniorsD.teaching seniors to us
20、e smart phones23.If you want to be a volunteer,what are you required to do?A.Learn the use of a chat app.B.Prepare a computer by yourself.C.Offer a letter of recommendation.D.Have relevant working experience.24.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To inform the readers of COA.B.To invite seniors to
21、sign up for COAC.To introduce volunteer work in COA.D.To advertise for new volunteers for COA.This was the first communication that had come from her aunt in Jessies lifetime.“I think your aunt has forgiven me at last,“her father said as he passed the letter acrossthe table.Jessie looked first at th
22、e autograph（签名）.It seemed strange to see her own name there.There was a likeness between her aunts autograph and her own,a hint of the samedecisiveness and precision.If Jessie had been educated fifty years earlier,she might havewritten her name in just that manner.“Youre very like her in some ways,“
23、her father said,as she still stared at the autograph.“I should think you must almost have forgotten what Aunt Jessie was like,dear,shesaid.How many years is it since you last saw her?“More than forty,9,her father said.We disagreed.We invariably disagreed.Jessie试卷第4 页，共 11页always prided herself on be
24、ing so modern.She read Darwin and things like that.Altogetherbeyond me,I admit.“And so it seems that she wants to see me.Jessie straightened her shoulders and liftedher head.She was excited at the thought of meeting this mythical aunt whom she had so oftenheard about.Sometimes she had wondered if th
25、e personality of this remarkable relative hadnot been a fgment（虚构）of her fathers imagination.But this letter of hers that now lay on the breakfast table was admirable in character.There was something of intolerance expressed in its tone.It was just like what her father hadtold her.Mr.Deane came out
26、of his past memories with a sigh.“Yes,yes;she wants to see you,my dear,he said.Ive heard she has set up a schooland helped many youngsters.I think you had better accept this invitation to stay with her.Ifshe took a fancy to you,you could get a better education.He sighed again,and Jessie knew that fo
27、r the hundredth time he was regretting his ownpast weakness.25.How was the relationship between Jessies father and her aunt?A.It remained very close over the years.B.It was broken when they were young.C.It got tenser due to a misunderstanding.D.It was uneasy fbr their financial differences.26.From t
28、he passage,we know Jessie was.A.eager to meet her aunt.B cautious about her aunts invitationC.angry with her aunt for ignoring her family.D.puzzled by her aunts sudden interest in her27.What can we learn from the passage?A.Jessies aunt promised to offer her better education.B.Jessies aunfs personali
29、ty seemed to change a lot.C.Jessie and her aunt were different in personality.D.Jessies father felt sorry fbr what he had done.Many people would answer the question of what makes us human by insisting that weare cultural beings.There is no doubt that we are.But one definition of culture is the total
30、ityof traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals,and manyanimal species have traditions.Can we then say that some animals are cultural beings too?One approach to study culture in animals is the so-called Method of Exclusion（排除），inwhich scientists investigate behavio
31、ral variations across populations of one species.In afamous study,scientists learned that chimpanzee（黑猩猩）behaviors were socially passed onas they were present at some sites but not at others,despite having same ecological settings.For example,chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-
32、known for theirnut-cracking skills.Chimpanzees in Gombe national part in Tanzania,on the other hand,donot crack nuts,although nuts exist in their environment too.However,when applying the Method of Exclusion,one has to be very careful.There areother factors that could also explain the pattern of beh
33、avioral evaluation.For example,someof the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated occur in only one of the three subspecies.So its quite possible that these behaviors also have an innate component.This would meanthat one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition,but
34、because the behavior is fixed to specific genes.Another factor that has to be excluded is ofcourse the environment Chimpanzees in Mahale do not fish algae（水藻），simply becausealgae does not exist there.But when we exclude all the variations that can be explained by genes or environment,we still find t
35、hat animals do show cultural variations.Does that mean there is no realdifference between them and us after all?Not exactly:There is a fundamental differencebetween human and animal culture.Only humans can build culturally on what generationsbefore us have learned.This is called cumulative culture”.
36、We dont have to keepreinventing the wheel.This is called the“ratchet（棘轮）effecf,.Like a ratchet that can beturned forward but not back,peoples cultural techniques evolve.It is likely that behaviors we see today in chimpanzee cultures could be invented overand over again by individual animals themselv
37、es.In contrast,a child bom today would not beable to invent a computer without the knowledge of many past generations.28.Why does the author mention the example of the chimpanzees in two parks in Paragraph2?A.lb prove that culture does exist in animals.B.To justify the uniqueness of the research met
38、hod.试卷第6 页，共 11页C.To compare how chimpanzees behave in different parks.D.TD stress the importance of environment in studying culture.29.What does the underlined word“innate“in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Advanced.B.Inborn.C.Adaptive.D.Intelligent.30.What can we learn from the passage?A.Cumulative cu
39、lture is what sets humans apart from animals.B.Culure in animals is as worthy to be valued as human culture.C.Animals dont have the ability to invent behaviors in a community.D.The“ratchet effect“decides if humans can build on past experiences.When Elinor Lobel was 16,a 44smart insulin（胰岛素）pump was
40、attached to her body.Powered by AI,it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at theright time to keep her healthy.It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improvelives.Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful.They generally suggest there ismuch
41、 more to fear than fete in the algorithmic（算法的）age.But the intellectual tide may be turning.One of the most persuasive supporters of a morebalanced view is Elinor Lobels mother,Orly,a law professor.In The Equality Machine sheacknowledges Als capacity to produce hannful results.But she shows how,in t
42、he right hands,it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination.A principle of privacy rules is“minimization”:collect and keep as little information aspossible,especially in areas such as race and gender.Ms Lobel flips the script,showing howin hiring,pay and the legal system,knowing such c
43、haracteristics leads to fairer outcomes.Ms Lobels call to use more,not less,personal information challenges data-privacyorlhodoxy（正统观念）.But she insists that tracking differences is key to detecting unfaimess.She advocates g loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency（透明）overalgorithmic d
44、ecisions.The problems with algorithmic formulae（公式）are tackled in depth in Escape fromModel Land by Erica Thompson of the School of Economics.These statistical models are thebackbone of big data and AL.Yet a perfect model will always be beyond reach.6A11 modelsare wrong,“runs a wise saying.4tSome ar
45、e useful.Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect.In the betterknown Butterfly Effect,a serviceable model,Vin the prediction of climate change,becomesless reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating（模拟），or because ofinaccuracies in the original data.
46、In the Hawkmoth Effect,by contrast,the model itself isflawed;it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity,wind andtemperature.The author calls on data geeks to improve their solutions to real-world issues,not merelyrefine their formulaein other words,to escape from model land
47、.tWe do not need to havethe best possible answer/she writes,44only a reasonable one.Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data,algorithms and their limitations.Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations,whether in law or coding.As Ms Lobel puts it:Its always better
48、 to light a candle than to curse the darkness.31.Ms Lobel intends to convey thatA.minimisation is a good privacy rule to go byB.algorithms are currently challenged by data privacyC.employing more personal data should be encouragedD.identifying algorithms9 problems leads to better outcomes32.What can
49、 we learn about“Hawkmoth Effecf,?A.It develops from Butterfly Effect.B.It emphasizes accuracy of original data.C.It enjoys popularity in climate research field.D.It is mentioned to show the model can be faulty.33.Which of the following does the writer probably agree?A.Using algorithms to detect diff
50、erences is hard.B.The application of data and algorithms is limited.C.The reliability of data should be attached importance to.D.Improving algorithms involves accepting its imperfection.34.Which would be the best title for this passage?A.The Algorithms Prospect B.The Algorithms MercyC The Algorithms