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1、大 学 英 语 四 级 考 试 试 题 Part II Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)Questions 1 1 to 1 5 are based on the following passage:The fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the 1960s when packaged foodfirst appeared with the label:store in the refrig e rato r.In my fringeless Fifties childhood,I w
2、as fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily,the grocer,the butcher(肉 商)，the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times aweek.The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus 函 余)bread and milk becameall kinds of cakes.Nothing was wasted,and we were never troubled by rotten f
3、ood.Thirtyyears on,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed natural cooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bott
4、ling-*,.What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a goodprice.Consequently,most of the worlds fridges are to be found,not in the tropics where theymight prove useful,but in the
5、wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they areclimatically almost unnecessary.Every winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously,andat vast expense,busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heatedhouse while outside,nature provides the desired temperature fr
6、ee of charge.The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution to humanhappiness has been insignificant.If you dont believe me,try it yourself,invest in a foodcabinet and turn off your fridge next winter.You may miss the hamburgers(汉 堡 包)，but atleast youll get rid of th
7、at terrible hum.11.The statement t4In my bridgeless Fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.(Line1,Para.2)suggests t h a t.A)the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB)the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fiftiesC)there was no fridge in the a
8、uthors home in the 1950sD)the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s12.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?A)People would not buy more food than was necessary.13)Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C)Food was sold fres
9、h and did not get rotten easily.D)People had effective ways to preserve their food.13.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?A)Inventors.C)Manufacturers.B)Consumers.D)Traveling salesmen.14.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridges negative effe
10、ct onthe environment?A)“Hum away continuously”.C)uArtificially-cooled spacev.B)aClimatically almost unnecessary.D)“With mild temperatures”.1 5.What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges?A)Neutral.B)Critical.C)Objective D)Compromising.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:The
11、 human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousandconnections.Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and ease us to dismiss thepossibility of making a machine with human-like ability,but now that we have grown used tomoving forward at such a pace we can be les
12、s sure.Quite soon,in only 10 or 20 years,perhaps,we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain,and if we can we will.Itmay then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software(软 件)or byaltering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it c
13、ertain that in decades,not centuries,machines of silicon(硅)will arise first torival and then exceed their human ancestors.Once they exceed us they will be capable of theirown design in a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves.Silicon will have endedcarbons long control.And we will no l
14、onger be able to claim ourselves to be the finestintelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declinesthrough economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers,first on earth through theirability to withstand environmen
15、ts,harmful to ourselves.Thus,deserts may bloom and the oceanbe mined.Further ahead,by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and thetechnology it will provide,the construction of a vast,man-created world in space,home tothousands or millions of people,will be within our power.16.I
16、n what way can we make a machine intelligent?A)By making it work in such environments as deserts,oceans or space.B)By working hard for 10 or 20 years.C)By either properly programming it or changing its structure.D)By reproducing it.17.What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability
17、?A)He believes they will be useful to human beings.B)He believes that they will control us in the future.C)He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D)He doesn*t consider the construction of such machines possible.18.The word“carbon”(Line 3,Para.2)stands f o r.A)intelligent robots C)an
18、organic substanceB)A chemical element D)human beings19.A robot can be used to expand our frontiers w h e n.A)its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB)it is able to bear the rough environmentC)it is made as complex as the human brainD)its architecture is different from that of the present ones2
19、0.It can be inferred from the passage t h a t.A)after the installation of a great number of cells and connections,robots will be capable ofself-reproduction.B)with the rapid development of technology,people have come to realize the possibility ofmaking a machine with human-like abilityC)once we make
20、 a machine as complex as the human brain,it will possess intelligenceD)robots will have control of the vast,man-made world in spaceQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1904,earthquake scientists hadgood news to report:The damage
21、 and death toll(死 亡 人 数)could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake.By comparison,an earthquake of similarintensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31a.m.on a holiday,
22、when traffic was light on the citys highways.In addition,changes made to theconstruction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildingsand highways,making them more resistant to quakes.Despite the good news,civil engineers aren*t resting on their successes.Pinned
23、 to theirdrawing boards are blueprints(蓝 图)for improved quake-resistant buildings.The new designsshould offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.In the past,making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials,such assteel and wood,that bend without bre
24、aking.Later,people tried to lift a building off itsfoundation,and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce theimpact of ground vibrations.The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concreteand steel supports.Called smart buildings,the structures respond
25、 like living organisms to anearthquakes vibrations.When the ground shakes and the building tips forward,the computerwould force the building to shift in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build.However,they would savemany lives and would be less likely to be d
26、amaged during earthquakes.21.One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low ist h a t A)new computers had been installed in the buildingsB)it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysC)large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a hol
27、idayD)improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways22.The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is t o.A)counterbalance an earthquakes action on the building.B)predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracy.C)help strengthen the foundation of the building.D)
28、measure the impact of an earthquakes vibrations.23.The smart buildings discussed in the p a s s a g e.A)would cause serious financial problems.B)would be worthwhile though costly.C)would increase the complexity of architectural design.D)can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes.24.It ca
29、n be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakesattention should be focused o n.A)the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital constructionB)the development of flexible building materialsC)the reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsD)early forecasts of ear
30、thquakes25.The authors main purpose in writing the passage is toA)compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S.B)encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computersC)outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materials.D)report new develo
31、pments in constructing quake-resistant buildingsQuestions 26 to 30 are based O n the following passage:Even plants can mn a fever,especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease.Butunlike humans,plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up.Adecade ago,adapting t
32、he infrared(红 夕 卜 线)scanning technology developed for military purposesand other satellites,physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature ofcrops to determine which ones are under stress.The goal was to let farmers precisely targetpesticide(杀 虫 剂)spraying rather than rain
33、poison on a whole field,which invariably includesplants that dont have pest(害 虫)problems.Even better,Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems be fore they became visible to the eye.Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night,an infraredscanner measured the heat emitted
34、by crops.The data were transformed into a color-coded mapshowing where plants were running“fevers”.Farmers could then spot-spray,using 50 to 70percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984,after only three years.Farmersresisted the new techn
35、ology and long-term backers were hard to find.But with the renewedconcern about pesticides on produce,and refinements in infrared scanning,Paley hopes to getback into operation.Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works.This techniquecan be used on75 percent of agricultural land in the U
36、nited States1,says George Oerther of TexasA&M,Ray Jackson,who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture,thinks remoteinfrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade.But only if Paley finds thefinancial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.26.Plants will emit an i
37、ncreased amount of heat when they areA)sprayed with pesticides C)in poor physical conditionB)facing an infrared scanner D)exposed to excessive sun rays27.In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely,we can use infrared scanning t o.A)estimate the damage to the crops C)measure the size of the affec
38、ted areaB)draw a color-coded map D)locate the problem area28.Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by.A)resorting to spot-spraying C)transforming poisoned rainB)consulting infrared scanning experts D)detecting crop problems at an early date29.The application of infrared scanning techno
39、logy to agriculture met with some difficulties duet o.A)the lack of official support C)the lack of financial supportB)its high cost D)its failure to help increase production30.Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because o f.A)the desire of farmers to improve the quality o
40、f their produceB)growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on cropsC)the forceful promotion by the Department of AgricultureD)full support from agricultural experts1997年 6 月 大 学 英 语 四 级 试 题 参 考 答 案 Part II Reading Comprehension11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B16.C 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.B21.D 22.A 23.
41、B 24.C 25.D26.C 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B1997年 6 月 大 学 英 语 四 级 试 题 题 解 Part II；Reading ComprehensionPassage one：本 文 是 一 篇 议 论 文，主 要 介 绍 了 冰 箱 的 产 生 和 发 展 情 况 及 其 对 人 们 的 作 用 11.答 案 为 C。综 合 理 解 题，问 第 二 自 然 段 第 一 句 话 揭 示 了 什 么 含 义，从 第 二 自 然 段 我 们 可 看 出，作 者 以 自 己 的 亲 身 经 历 谈 及 过 去 没 有 冰 箱 的 生 活 经 历。从 答 案 C）我
42、 们 可 以 看 出 原 句 的 深 刻 含 义“In my fridgeless Fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily v（五 十 年 代我 是 少 年 时，家 里 没 有 冰 箱），故 我 们 选 C）项。12.答 案 为 D。事 实 推 论 题，问 作 者 为 什 么 说 在 没 有 冰 箱 的 时 候，食 品 也 没 有 被 浪 费 掉。根 据 第 三 自 然 段 的 陈 述：“The milkman came daily,the grocer,the butcher,the baker and theice-cream man
43、delivered two or three times a week,the Sunday meat would last untilWednesday and surplus break and milk became all kinds of cakes。我 们 可 知 D）项 正 确。13.答 案 为 B。事 实 辨 认 题，问 使 用 冰 箱 后，谁 的 受 益 最 少，根 据 文 章 最 后 一 自 然 的 第 一 句 话：“The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution
44、 to humanhappiness has been in sig n ifican t可 知 B）项 正 确。14.答 案 为 A。问 下 列 哪 个 词 组 能 表 达 电 冰 箱 给 人 们 带 来 的 副 作 用。根 据 第 五 自 然 段 的 描 述 uEvery winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously.w 显 然 指 造 成 的 噪 音 污 染。故 我 们 可 选 A）项。15.答 案 为 B。综 合 归 纳 题。问 作 者 对 冰 箱 总 的 态 度 如 何，通 读 全 文 我 们 可 知，作 者 对 冰 箱 持 否 定
45、 态 度，如 第 三 自 然 段 中 作 者 提 到 The invention of the fridge contributed comparativelylittle”等，可 知 B）项 正 确。Passage Two：本 文 是 一 篇 说 明 文，主 要 介 绍 了 具 有 人 工 智 能 机 器 的 发 展 方 法 16.答 案 为 C。问 用 什 么 方 法 可 使 机 器 具 有 人 工 智 能.根 据 第 一 自 然 段 最 后 一 句 话，t may thentake us a long tine to render it intelligent by loading in
46、 the right software or by altering thearchitecture but that too will happen.w 我 们 可 知 C）项 正 确。17.答 案 为 A。事 实 推 论 题。问 作 者 如 何 看 待 具 有 人 工 智 能 的 机 器。从 文 章 的 最 后 一 自 然 段 的 介 绍 中 我 们 可 以 看 出，具 有 人 工 智 能 的 机 器 可 以 为 人 类 作 许 多 有 益 的 服 务，故 我 们 可 以 推 断 出，作 者 想 说 的 人 工 智 能 机 器 对 人 类 非 常 有 用，故 我 们 应 选 A）项。18.
47、答 案 为 D。词 汇 理 解 题，问 第 二 自 然 段 第 三 行 中 的“carbon”代 表 什 么。根 据 第 二 自 然 段 的 介 绍 uSilicon（硅）will have ended carbons long control.And we will no longer be able toclaim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.可 知 carbon stands forhuman beingsw故 我 们 可 选 D）项。19.答 案 为 A。问 在 什 么 情 况 下，人 工
48、智 能 机 器 可 用 于 开 发 边 远 地 区。根 据 文 章 第 三 自 然 段 的 第 一 句 话：As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of unmans and as their costdeclines through economies of scale we way use them to expand our frontiers可 知 intelligenceand c o s t为 最 重 要 的 两 个 因 素，故 我 们 可 选 A）项。20.答 案 为 B。推 论 题。问 根 据 文 章 我 们
49、可 以 推 论 出 下 列 哪 项。通 读 全 文 可 知，作 者 主 要 介 绍 了 随 着 科 技 的 发 展，人 们 有 望 能 具 有 人 工 智 能 的 机 器，按 着 他 举 例 给 我 们 予 以 说 明，故 B）项 正 确。与 原 文 提 供 信 息 相 符 合 Passage Three本 篇 文 章 为 说 明 文。全 文 主 要 向 人 们 介 绍 了 一 种 新 型 的 防 震 建 筑 结 构。21.答 案 为 D。问 洛 杉 矶 地 震 中 人 员 伤 亡 相 对 少 的 原 因 之 一 是 什 么。根 据 第 五 自 然 段 中 作 者 的 陈 述：“The mos
50、t recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports.Called smart buildings,the structures respond like living organism to an earthquake vibrations/）可 知 由 于 设 计 技 术 的 改 进，提 高 了 防 震 能 力，由 此 我 们 可 选 D）项。22.答 案 为 A。综 合 理 解 题，问 文 章 中 提 到 的 计 算 机 的 功 能 是 什 么。根 据 第 五 自 然 段 最 后 一 句