《英语专业考研自测题答案.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语专业考研自测题答案.pdf（62页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、英 语 专 业 考 研 英 语 文 化 自 测 题 答 案Part One:British Culture全真模拟练习答案、得分点解析Chapter 1 Who are the British?L Multiple Choicel.D2.B3.A4.C5.A6.B7.A8.C9.B10.Cll.A12.C13.A14.C15.AII.Fill in the blanks1.Salisbury 2.the Romans3.Anglo-Saxon;Celts;Anglos;Saxons;Angel;Danes;Norman French4.the Scottish Highlanders;the
2、Scottish Lowlanders5.the 1535 Act of Union 6.north;south7.rugby football;choral singing 8.Eisteddfod9.Catholic 10.the Peace People;Betty Williams11.19th/nineteenth 12,the Romans13.James Joyce;Bernard Shaw 14.26IIL Explain the following terms in English1/Ladies from hell”:also called“devil in skirts”
3、.These are nicknames given to the Scottish soldiers in the British Army for their bravery(2 points).Over the centuries,enemy troops have often terrified at the sight and sound of Highlanders in kilts marching into the battle accompanied by the bloodcurdling music of the bagpipes.(2 points)Therefore,
4、they got the nicknames of“devils in skirts or ladies from hell”(1 point).2.The Protestant Reformation:The Protestant Reformation is the name given to a religions and political development in the early 16th century(1 Points).It was led by Martin Luther;a monk from Germany(1 point).He posted for debat
5、e a series of themes that challenged Roman Catholic teaching(1 point).People who protested against the Catholic Church were called Protestants(1 point).Most of the Protestants believed that the church should be changed,or reformed,so that it was less greedy,fairer and accessible to all people,not ju
6、st the rich and well educated(1 point).3.The British Isles:The British Isles lie northwest of Europe in the Atlantic Ocean(1 point),Consisting of two large islands,that is,Britain and Ireland,and several smallislands(4points).4.The Orange Day celebrations:On August 12th each year,celebrations are he
7、ld by Protestants in Northern Ireland to commemorate a victory of the Protestant King William III(William of Orange)over the Catholic James II.(3 Points)The celebrations were always aggressively provocative and fighting often broke out between the Protestant marchers and Catholic bystanders.(2Points
8、)5.Ulster Unionists:The Ulster Unionists refer to the ruling Protestant party in Northern Ireland.(3points)They remain loyal to the United Kingdom.(2points)IV.Questions and Answers1.Because they are of different origins and cultures,(points)Each of them has their own characteristics and hopes to mai
9、ntain their own national identity.(2points)2.In 5 5 B.C.,the Romans invaded Britain.(pointOThey brought with them their laws,taxes,engineering skills,architecture and social system as well as their language,L atin,and their system of writing and numbering.(2points)They introduced Christianity.(l poi
10、nt)They also left behind the first written records of the land and its people as well as records of their administration.(1 point)3.In the middle of the nineteenth century,people in Ireland began to demand some kind of autonomy and Irish member of the Westminster Parliament,like Charles Stewart Parn
11、ell,celled persistently for“home rule”,that is,control of internal affairs by an assembly in Dublin.(3 points)The home rule question led to more disturbances and riots as the Ulster Protestants feared that an autonomous Ireland would be dominated by Catholics.(2points)4.The Scottish Highlanders have
12、 a reputation for being proud,independent and hardy(5 points).5.The three Germanic tribes that invaded England were Angles,Saxons and Jutes.(5 points)V.Topic DiscussionWhat are the main consequences of Norman Conquest?A:In A.D.106 6,William of Normandy landed his army in England.The defeated the Sax
13、on king Harold and the English soldiers,and became the king of England the same year.(2points)French was made the official language and the feudal system was firmly established in England(l point).William of Normandy and his French-speaking followers set up a strong central government which brought
14、a new unified discipline and control to England;the conquerors intermarried with the ruling Saxon families;(2points)they made French the official language;they firmly established the feudal system.(2points)Contacts between England and France were greatly increased.All in all,the French influence2gre
15、w so strong that many aspects of Englands social and cultural life became totally French.(points)England became a Protestant country in the sixteenth century.(point)Chapter 2:English History全真模拟练习答案、得分点解析I.Multiple Choicel.B2.C3.B4.D5.A6.A7.C8.A9.C10.Bll.B12.C13.A14.B15.CIL Fill in the blanks1.Caval
16、iers 2.Roses 3.Catholicism 4.etemal damnation5.1688;France;Mary;William 6.the Battle of Waterloo;Napoleon7.Puritans;Mayflower 8.Holy Land 9.Crecy;Agincourt10.great slumps(or Great Depression);Mussolini;Hitler11.grab for Africa 12.Charles Darwin 13.15th;English14.Elizabeth I 15.church;baronsIII.Expla
17、in the following terms in English1.Henry VIH(北京外国语大学2003年考研试题)He is usually remembered as the English king who had six wives one after another.He divorced twice and executed two of his wives for supposed adultery(1 point)But he was above all responsible for the religious reform of the Church.(1 poin
18、t)(3)The reform began as a struggle for a divorce and ended in freedom from thePapacy.Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon because she could not produce a male heir for him.But Pope Clement VII refused to annul his marriage to Catherine for he was living in fear of Charles of Spain,the H
19、oly Roman Emperor,who happened to be Catherines nephew.Henrys reform was to get rid of the English Church*s connection with the Pope,and to make an independent Church of England.(2 points)(4)He made his break with Rome gradually between 1529 and 1534.(1 point)2.King James I of England(北京外国语夫学2004年考研
20、试题)When Elizabeth I died childless in 1603,James VI of Scotland,succeeded the English throne.(1 point)He thus became king of both countries as James VI of Scotland and James I of England.(1 point)James I insisted on the Divine Right of Kings,believing that kings were only responsible to God and not
21、to any Parliament.(1 point)(4)Nominated by him,a new translation of the Bible into English(known thereafter as the King James or the Authorized Version of the Bible)was published in 1611.(1 point)In his view,the Kings will was the only law.He would have preferred no3Parliament at all and actually di
22、d without one for seven years.King James I died in 1625,his son Charles I ascended the throne.(1 point)3.the Glorious Revolution(北京航空航天大学2004年考研试题)It refers to the event of 1688 in the English Revolution when the Catholic king James II was forced to flee with his baby son to France.(2 points)The thr
23、one was offered to this Protestant daughter and her husband Dutch king William.(1 point)The bill of Rights was passed by Parliament to restrict the power of the Monarchy.(1 point)This was the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy in Britain.(1 point)4.Industrial Revolution(北京航空航天大学2000年考研试题)The I
24、ndustrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.(2 points)Economically,the most important aspects of the Industrial Revolution were a change from domestic production to pr
25、oduction in factories under capitalist control,the introduction of water and above all,a steam power to drive machine,and a surge of innovation that trans-formed several major industries.(3 points)5.Alfred the GreatAlfred,king of Wessex(AAD 871-899),was a famous king who successfully defeated the in
26、vading Danes.(2 points)He is known as the father of the British navy as he founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea,then protected the coasts and encouraged trade.(2 points)(3)He is also a learned man,who is said to have taught himself at the age of 40.(1 point)IV.Questions and Answe
27、rs1.The long quarrel between the Pope and Henry VIII on the matter of Henry VIIF s divorce(2points)ended in Henry VIIF s declaring that he and not the Pope was the head of the Church of England.(2 points)As a result,the English Church broke away from the central organization of Christianity.(1 point
28、)2.Charles I believed he had a Divine Right to govern,while Parliament believed that he was a human being answerable to the people.(2 points)For a time,Charles I actually reigned without Parliament,and levied taxes without Parliaments approval.(3 points)3.The sixteenth century was the beginning of t
29、he modem period in English history and European history(1 point)In this century,the invention of printing made books much easier to produce and therefore much cheaper,so that ideas could spread quickly.(1 point)It was the age of great voyages of discovery and the beginning of the imperialist expansi
30、on;(2 points)it was also the beginning of freedom of thought in the Christian religion.(1 point)4.Meet ones Waterloo:means“encounter final disaster.(3 points)It comes from the Battle of Waterloo,the famous victory won by Britain over France.(2 points)5.The blitz of 1940 refers to the bombing of Brit
31、ain by German planes in 1940(24points),when Hitler sent his bombers day after day to bomb airfields and towns in the south,and then night after night,to bomb London.(3 points)V.Topic Discussion1.What was Glorious Revolution?What were the consequences of it?(10 points)A:When Charles II died in 1685,h
32、e was succeeded by his brother,James II.(1 point)James II was a Catholic and hoped to be able to rule without giving up his personal religious views.But England in 1688 could not tolerate a Catholic as King.(3 points)(3)The English politician appealed to a Protestant king,William of Orange,James1 Du
33、tch nephew and the husband of Mary,James daughter,to invade and take the English throne.William landed in November 1688.(2 points)On their acceptance of the Bill of Rights(1689),William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster abbey.(2 points)Thus the age of constitutional monarchy,of a monarchy
34、 with powers limited by Parliament,began.(2 points)2.What Was the suffragette movement“in early 20th century?(5 points)A:It is a term referring to the movement in the early twentieth century by the British women,who had been meek and submissive in Victorians reign.(2 points)They rose up to gain thei
35、r rights to vote.(1 point)This was not simply a political campaign but a profound revolt against an inferior status.(2 points)Chapter 3:Which English全真模拟练习答案、得分点解析I.Multiple Choicel.A2.B3.C4.A5.C6.D7.D8.C9.A10.Dll.A12.D13.C14.B15.AII.Fill in the blanks1.written language;place 2.Welsh;Scottish Gaelic
36、;Irish Gaelic3.French 4.AD 500;700 5.Anglos;Saxons;Jutes Germanic6.Ecclesiastical History of the English People 7.Old English8.grammatical inflexions 9.British Broadcasting Corporation;192710.the Vikings 11.French;LatinID.Explain the following terms in English1.Its the motto of British Broadcasting
37、Corporation.(3 points)It meant that the English in which the voice of peace was broadcast over the radio should be universally understood.(2 points)2.The famous book written by the Fowler brothers in 1906.(2 points)The best advice to all those who wish to become proficient in English was given in th
38、is book.(1 point)(3)The best advice is to try to be direct,simple,brief,vigorous and lucid.(2 points)3.Geoffrey Chaucer was the most important Middle English poet.(3 points)His masterpiece was The Canterbury Tales.(2 points)4.The Venerable Bede was one of the best-known writers.(2 points)His Ecclesi
39、astical History of the English People is one of the main sources ofinformation about the history of Anglo-Saxon English.(3 points)5.L ingua franca,also Franca L ingua,it refers to any language widely used as a means of communication among speakers of other languages.(3 points)One example is L atin,w
40、hich became the lingua franca of Britain after the Romans invaded Britain in 5 5 B.C.(2 points)IV.Questions and Answers1.The history of English really began around AD 45 0 when the Anglos,Saxons and Jutes(2 points)-tribes from northwest Germany and Denmarkinvaded England in succession.(3 points)2.M
41、any English words connected with administration come from Norman French because after the Norman invasion Norman French became the official language of England,(2 points)and the most important positions were given to Normans,(2 points)(3)who organized government and public affairs.(1 point)3.Romance
42、 words were the L atin and French words;(2 points)Germanic words were the English and Scandinavian words.(2 points)4.By the second half of the 196 0s,it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular,successful and rich.(3 points)The fas
43、hionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class but rather a defiant expression of classlessness.(2 points)5.Current English vocabulary is approximately half Germanic(English and Scandinavian)and half Romance(L atin and French).(3 points)6.The spellings and written fon
44、ns of English began to become standardized at the end of the fifteenth century,(1.5 points)with the invention of the printing press in 1476.(1.5 points)V.Topic DiscussionWhat are the basic differences between Old English and M iddle English,and between M iddle English and M odern English?A:Old Engli
45、sh,also called Anglo-Saxon English,it is the first period of the English language from the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain in AD 45 0 to the Norman Conquest in 106 6.Old English used both L atin and Germanic scripts.It is the ancestor of M odem English and is quite different from todays
46、English.(5 points)M iddle English is the name given to the English language in use from the Norman Conquest of 106 6 to the introduction of printing press in English in 1476.M iddle English is the blend of Anglo-Saxon,L atin and French.The difference between Old English and M iddle English lies main
47、ly in the abandonment of the system of grammatical inflexions.(5 points)M odem English is the English since 1476.With the introduction of the printing press in 1476,spellings,written forms of the English language began to become standardized.The changes from M iddle English to M odem English involve
48、 mainly pronunciation,vocabulary and spelling.(5 points)6Chapter 4:British Government System全真模拟练习答案、得分点解析I.Multiple Choicel.A2.B3.D4.A5.C6.B7.A8.B9.D10.Cll.A12.D13.A14.D15.BII.Fill in the blanks1.Privy;Cabinet 2.On Her Majesty*s Service3.the leader of the party with the largest number of members re
49、turned to the House of Commons;Prime Minister;Opposition4.Lords 5.five 6.criminal;lunatic;Lords 7.Prime Minister8.resign 9.the Crown;House of Lords;House of Commons10.the freedom of speech 11.Prime Minister;Queen12.the Lord ChancellorIH.Explain the following terms in English1.the British Constitutio
50、n(北京第二外国语学院2001年考研试题)Britain,unlike the USA,has no written constitution.(1 point)The main components of the Constitution:Acts of Parliament;Prerogative of the Crown;Conventions of the Constitution;Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege.(3 points)(3)Many rules are never been enacted as written laws b