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1、2021年中考英语基础读写训练（五）Part 1 阅读理解ABlowing our nose,burping（打饱嗝）after dinner andpooping（排便）.Unpleasant as they are,these things,according to Live Science,make up theimpolite science of the human body”.Here,we take a look at the reasons why humans must be“impolite“to survive.Snot（鼻涕）Snots job is to protec
2、t our body from harmful viruses（病毒）.Dust mites（尘蛾）,ash,or sand fill the air we breathe.Ifallowed to enter our body,these things are likely to make us sick.But thankfully,snot stops thesethings.Snot can tell us whether were healthy or not,accordingto its appearance.When its clear and colorless,thafs
3、a sign of good health.If it turns green oryellow,however,it could be a sign that our body is being attacked（袭击）by a virus.GasFrom drinking fizzy（起泡的）drinks to eating food,weoften breathe in gases that end up in our stomach.Naturally,if we take in too much gas,we maysuffer from pain and cramps（痉挛）.Bu
4、rping is an effective way to get these gases out of ourstomach.Occasional（偶 尔 的）burping benefits our body.However,burping too much isnt a good sign.Thats because it may suggest that were sufferingfrom a digestive disorder（消化功能紊乱）.PoopPooping is an extremely important function of the body.Once our bo
5、dy has taken everything it needs from the food we eat,it leaves our body as poop.Checking your poop after you go to the bathroom is a good way to tell whether you are healthy ornot.Choose the answer:1.What can we infer from the first paragraph?A.It is impolite to research the human body.B.Science ca
6、n explain our impolite bodily functions.C.It is unpleasant to hear the noises our bodies make.D.It is hard for us to behave politely.2.What is the function of snot,according to passage?A.To keep our bodies safe from harmful viruses.B.To prevent breathing disorders.C.To kill all of the viruses in our
7、 bodies.D.To help us get rid of gas.3.If you burp too much,what might be wrong with you?A.You might have some digestive problems.B.You might be overweight.C.You might have a serious stomachache.D.There might be cramps in your nose.4.What can we infer from the part about pooping?A.Pooping isnt as imp
8、ortant as burping or blowing your noise.B.Poop has everything we need.C.Your poop can tell you whether youre healthy or not.D.All the food we eat turns into poop eventually.BThere is probably nothing scarier than fighting an enemythat you cannot see.The novel coronavirus is one of these invisible en
9、emies,and it has done quitea bit of damage.Ever since it was first spotted in 2019,it has infected（感染）tens of thousands ofpeople over the world.But even if we cannot see the virus,we know how itbehaves and spreads around,which is just like most other viruses.The number one thing you cando to prevent
10、 any respiratory（呼吸的）illness is to practice good personal hygiene（卫生）TomMoorcroft,co-founder of Origins Of Health,a US-based health center,told CNET.And thatincludes wearing a mask and washing hands.By wearing a mask,you can stay safe from the droplets（飞沫）that are spread by infected people.These dro
11、plets can spread the virus-as far as twometers!But these droplets dont stay in the air for long beforefalling and landing on surfaces,like tables or smartphones.They can also be transmitted（转移）toelevator buttons and door knobs（把手）by our hands.And here is where washing hands becomesimpoitant.Accordin
12、g to Jiang Rongmeng,a member of Chinas National Health Commissionexpert group,the novel coronavirus can stay alive for quite a long time on smooth surfaces.It canlive through cold temperatures,but not in hot temperatures,such as more than 56 C.“Given the right temperature-around 20 C,and the righthu
13、midity（湿度）-around 50 percent,they might even stay alive for up to five days,“Jiang said ata news conference on Feb 4,2020.Choose the answer:1.What do we know about the novel coronavirus,according to the text?A.We cant see it with our eyes.B.It damages our eyesight most.C.It only infects elderly peop
14、le.D.It spreads in an unpreventable way.2.What does Tom Moorcroft think about preventing respiratory illnesses?A.Keeping up your personal hygiene is the best thing you can do.B.It is impossible for everybody to escape the novel coronavirus.C.It is not easy to prevent respiratory illnesses.D.Wearing
15、a mask is better than washing your hands.3.To prevent infection,we should not.A.wear masksB.clean our smartphones oftenC.wash our handsD.touch doorknobs with our hands4.What makes it hard for the novel coronavirus to survive?A.Being left on smooth surfaces.B.A temperature of 20 C.C.Humidity levels o
16、ver 50 percent.D.Temperatures over 56 C.COn weekends and holidays,when many Chineseteenagers learn things like painting and piano,kids their age in the United States are sweating theirdays away playing sports.According to Time for Kids,more US teenagers havejoined private sports clubs in recent year
17、s.Families spend over 10 percent of their earnings（收入）on their childrens sports careers.The youth sports economy in the US has grown by 55 percentsince 2010,according to WinterGreen Research.Alex Steams is an eighth-grader at Mercy High Schoolin Connecticut.The 16-year-old has been playing baseball
18、since kindergarten.He plays it everyother day.He told TEENS that his family spends over$1,200（7,950 yuan）on his equipment and$300 on training each year.Tristan Silveira,16,from Los Gatos in California,alsoplays baseball.He plays for the All Star Academy,a club that has fostered（培养）many MajorLeague B
19、aseball players.Silveira pays around$50 for every private lesson he takes.His familyhas supported him a lot.My mom drives me to every practice,every game,“he said.Playing sports can bring many benefits（益 处）.Teenagers can take part in competitions.The top players in these competitions usually get ful
20、lathletic scholarships（奖学金）for college.Brigid Selfors,17,a runner at Mercy High School inConnecticut,has received a full scholarship to Tulane University.Selfors runs three seasons a year.She has won the State Open and other competitions many times.I put 500 miles on my legs lastsummer,she said.Answ
21、er the following questions:I.What do US teenagers like doing during their timeoff?2.How much of their earnings do US families spend on their childrens sports careers?3.When did Alex Stearns start playing baseball?4.What is the Ail Star Academy?5.What does the author think about playing sports?DSome
22、people may sneeze（打喷嚏）after touching adog.Others may find it hard to breathe after eating a peanut.Why does this happen?Ifs becausethey have allergies（过敏）.When a person is allergic to something,their immunesystem（免疫系统）mistakenly believes that this thing is harming the body.Some allergies maycause it
23、chy（痒痒的）eyes and sneezing.Others may make people vomit（呕吐）,faint or even stopbreathing.But why do people have allergies?It can be because of their genes,according to NeetaOgden,a spokeswoman from the American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology（美国过敏哮喘与免疫学院）.If one of your parents has allergies,
24、you may be at riskfor developing allergies yourself at some point in your life,Ogden told Gizmodo.These allergiesmay develop in a certain order.A person may first have eczema（湿疹）in his or her childhood,and later see it develop into a food allergy.But not all allergies are caused by genes.Anotherpopu
25、lar theory is the hygiene hypothesis（卫生假说）.It says that if we experience fewer infections（感染）when we are young,we are more likely to have allergies when we grow up.According to Matthew Greenhawt from the Universityof Colorado,our immune system deals with infections and allergies.It tries to keep a b
26、alancebetween the two.But modern medicines,such as vaccines（疫苗），protect us from developinginfections.This breaks the balance and therefore our immune system becomes more sensitive toallergies.Choose the answer:1.What is the most serious allergy symptom?A.Sneezing.B.Having itchy eyes.C.Vomiting or fa
27、inting.D.Being unable to breathe.2.Why do some people have allergies,according to Ogden?A.Because their parents didnt bring them up correctly.B.Because their parents pass down allergenic genes.C.Because they have changed their immune systems.D.Because they experienced fewer infections when they were
28、 young.3.How many possible allergy causes are mentioned in the story?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.4.What is the passage mainly about?A.The science behind allergies.B.Dangers that we face every day.C.Reasons for not giving kids vaccines.D.The relationship between sneezing and allergies.EChinese people
29、are eating too much salt.On average,people in China eat about 10.5 grams of salt each day,much higher than the 6 gramsrecommended（建议）by Chinese Dietary Guidelines（2016）.China now has one of the highest salt intakes（摄入量）in the world.To fix this,China issued the first salt reduction guide for its food
30、 industry onApril 18,2018,Peoples Daily reported.If the guide is followed properly,the average saltintake for Chinese people will drop by 20 percent by 2030.The guide calls for food companies tolower the salt content in their products by improving their production techniques（技术）andadjusting（调整）flavo
31、rs.The salt we take in mainly comes from processed（力 口工的）food.For example,a 104-gram can of Lays classic potato chips contains about 0.66 gramsof salt,which accounts for over 10 percent of the recommended daily salt intake.A small amount of salt makes food taste better and isimportant for good healt
32、h,but eating too much increases the risk of high blood pressure,Xinhuareported.Less salt leads to better health.And theres no needto worry that food will be less tasty in the future.A study by the Monell Chemical Senses Centerin the United States found that its easy for people to reduce their salt i
33、ntake.Although you maythink your food is not salty enough at first,your taste buds（味蕾）will gradually get used to it andyou will feel that your food tastes the same as it did before.Choose the answer:1.From Paragraph 1 and 2,we know that Chinese p e o p l e.A.eat six grams of salt each day on average
34、B.take in 75 percent more salt than is recommendedC.have the highest salt intake in the worldD.have never had their own salt intake guide2.Who or what is the salt reduction guide aimed at?A.Chinese people.B.Food companies.C.The salt industry.D.Potato chip makers.3.If the guide is followed properly,w
35、hat change will take place in China?A.Many people will find the food not tasty.B.There will be no more processed food.C.Chinese people will take in less salt than they do now.D.Chinese people will not get enough salt in the future.4.What does the author want to tell us in the last two paragraphs?A.H
36、igh blood pressure is common in China.B.Taking in less salt can make us healthier.C.There is no need to worry about a lack of salt.D.Our taste buds prefer the flavor of salt.Part 2词句训练一、根据句意或句子的语法要求，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1.My fathers job wa s(gr ow)cotton when he was in his 30s.2.It is(harm)for us to stay
37、 up late all the time.3.Laughing can make us f e e l(r e l a x)after a busy and tiring day.4.John has been running for a long time.He is out o f(b r e a t h e).5.Reading English newspapers is an(有效的)way to study the language.6.If you dont manage your time effectively,you will end up(r e gr e t)it.7.
38、In recent years,C h i n a(c h a n g e)a lot.8.My(最年幼的)sister is studying in primary school.9.The king got(支持)from his people.They loved him and looked up to him.10.She was the(win)of the tennis competition.11.Pay attention to y o u r(b e h a v e).We are supposed to be polite when were inpublic.12.My
39、 teacher told us that s h e(b e n e f i t)a lot from being confident when she was alittle girl.13.After reading the story,please explain the plot in t h e(p r o p e r l y)order.14.How lucky we are!We are still(活着的)after the earthquake.15.We like to do our(day)duty report in class.Part 3书面表达随着生活水平的提高
40、，人们越来越注意身体健康，中国多个团体发起倡导以每年的7 月 7日为公众健康日，践行“全民健康，快乐为本”的理念。作为一个中学生，请说说你对健康的看法。提示：1 .你认为健康包括哪些方面？2.为了保持身体健康，你应该做什么？3.呼吁大家关注健康的生活方式。要求：1.文章题目自拟；2.语言通顺，条理清楚，书写规范；3.要点齐全；4.字数：80-150 词。参考答案：Part 1 阅读理解A：【文章大意】本文主要探讨了三利无礼”行为：流鼻涕、打饱嗝、排便，及其背后的科学含义。1.B,由第一段可知，人类身体的这些不礼貌行为其实有助于我们存活下去。2.A 由 Snot部分的第1句可知，鼻涕可以保护身体
41、免受病毒的侵害。3.A o 由 G as部分的最后一句suffering from a digestive disorder可知，消化功能可能有问题。4.C 由 Poop 部分最后一句 is a good way to tell whether you are healthy or not 可知，可以从排便看出身体的健康状况。B：【文章大意】本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎病毒的特征，以及人们应该采取的防护措施。1.A。从第一段第 2 句中的 these invisible enemies 以及第二段第 1 句 even if we cannot see thevirus可知，选 A。2.A 从第二段T
42、om Moorcroft的话语可知，首要事情是做好个人卫生，预防呼吸道疾病。3.D 最好不要用手直接触碰门把手，因为上面可能会有感染者飞沫带来的病毒。4.D 从最后两段可知，光滑的表面、20摄氏度的温度以及百分之五十的湿度都是适宜病毒生长的环境，高温有助于消灭病毒。病毒在高于56摄氏度的温度下很难生存。C；【文章大意】本文主要讲述了美国青少年课外活动更多是参加体育项目，并以几个学生的例子来佐证这一观点。1.They like playing sports.2.Over 10 percent.3.In kindergarten.4.It is a club that has fostered m
43、any Major League Baseball players.5.Playing sports can bring many benefits./Playing sports is good for people.For US teenagers,they can even get scholarships for college.D：【文章大意】本文主要介绍了过敏这一健康话题，说明了出现过敏可能会导致的结果，以及现阶段人们持有的对产生过敏原因的三种理论。1.D。从第二段最后 一 句 or even stop breathing中的even可知，不能呼吸可能是最严重的后果。2.B,本文第
44、四、五两段主要介绍了 Ogden解释的基因说，认为过敏是基因导致的。3.C o 第六段介绍了卫生假说的内容，第七段介绍了疫苗带来的问题，所以本文共给出三种理论。4.A。这篇文章主要介绍了过敏的科学知识。E：【文章大意】本文介绍了由于中国人过量食用食盐，政府出台了一项指导性文件以提高技术和调整口味来管控加工食品中的食盐含量。l.B o 建议人均每日食用6 克盐，但中国人均摄入量达10.5克，超标75%。2.B。从第二段中的for its food industry可知，新指导性文件主要针对的群体是食品加工厂。3.C o 从第三段可知，如果严格按照新纲领执行，中国人食盐摄入量在2030年 将 dr
45、op by 20percent o4.B o 最后两段主要解释了减少食盐量的好处，对身体有益。Part 2 词句训练1.to grow 2.harmful 3.relaxed 4.breath5.effective 6.regretting 7.has changed8.youngest 9.support 10.winner11.behavior 12.benefited 13.proper14.alive 15.dailyPart 3 书面表达One possible version:How to live a happy and healthy lifePublic Health Day
46、 is on July 7.It calls on everybody to have a healthy lifestyle.How can studentslike us do this?Our health includes both physical and mental health.We can start with ourphysical health.We should keep our bodies healthy.We can do this by exercising.For example,we can run for 30 minutes every morning
47、after we wake up or play sports after school.We should also have a balanced diet.We cant eat too much junk food.We should eat healthy food,like vegetables and fruit.A balanced diet can provide us with good nutrition and keep us lookinggood.Mental health is also very important.First,we should try to
48、be positive as much as we can.We cantalk to our parents and teachers when were feeling down.They love us and will always be therefor us,especially when were having a hard time.Their love can keep us warm on dark days.If you have a healthy body and mind,you will have a happier life.Take action to make thishappen!