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1、UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT _ 基础知识梳理_JICHU ZHISHI SHULI 构 建知识体系课标单词背诵（先填后背）1.crucial c力.至关重要的:关键性的2.皿a的.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的mit 承诺;保证说.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）4.academic。力.学业的:学术的5.objective n.目标；目的 以/.客观的6.botanical ag.植物学的7.property n.性质；特征；财产8.啦!”.&况.（使）沸腾；煮开；烧 开n.沸腾；沸点9.liquid n.液 体。的.液体的；液态的10.substance
2、 n.物质；物品；事实根据11.mostly adv.主要地:一般地12.novelist n.小说家13.novel n.（长篇）小说14.flow n.流；流动；流畅；供应况.流；流动15.chart n.图 表”.记录；制订计划16.found”.创建:建立；把建立在17.infer”.推断:推定18.politician/7.从政者；政治家；政客19.theory n.理论；学说20.genius n.（p/.ge 山ses）天才；天资；天赋21.gentle。力.温柔的:文静的22.patent n.专利；专利证书；获得专利。功.有专利的；受专利保护的23.extraordinary
3、 a力.不一般的;非凡的；意想不到的24.gradually ado.逐渐地:逐步地25.institution n.社会公共机构；制度；习俗26.institute n.（教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑27.professor n.教授28.device n.方法；技巧；装置；仪器2 9.照m 况.总结；概 括n.金额；款项；总数；总和30.draft/?.草稿；草 案”.起草；草拟 单 词 拼写 运用核心单词语境运用1.obtain 尤指经努力）获得；赢 得 应.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行2.acknowledge”.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢3.defeat n.失败；挫败 vt.
4、击败；战胜4.insist况.&”.坚持:坚决要求5.circumstance n.条件；环境；状况6.encounter 禺然碰至U；遇 到n.邂逅；遭遇用所给词的适当形式填空。1.The army was well-trained and well-armed,and had little difficulty defeating(defeat)theenemy.2.We can，t take any measures before we figureout the current circumstances(circumstance).3.The man didn t know how
5、to cope withfailures,and he was stopped by it when heencountered(encounter)one.4.If you want to apply for the job,you will haveto obtain(obtain)permission from the manager.5.He insisted(insist)on making a voyage whenhe graduated from college.6.With no solid evidence,he refused toacknowledge stealing
6、(steal)the lady，s purse.派生单词语境运用1.evaluate”.评价；评估f evaluation,评估；评价2.distinct a力.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Many a scientist considers thisimportant scientific discovery as a高 考 热 点 熟 词 生 义 金 咏 曲 地 生 但 逐 适 建 国 distinction n.差别；区别；卓越distinctive a力.独特的;特别的；与众不同的3.analyse”.分析f analysis n.(p/.analyses)分析
7、4.apparent a矽.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的f apparently ado.显而易见;看来；显然5.conclude v.推断出，终止-conclusion结论；推论6.science n.科学；技术f scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的scientist 科学家7.remark n.谈论；言论；评述 vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说 起 remarkable a的.非凡的；显著的f remarkably切勿.不寻常地；惊人地8.consequence n.结果；JPM-consequentadj.作为结果的一consequently o而.所以；因此great
8、breakthrough in medicalscience,(science)2.The expert remarked that hehad found a remarkable solutionto the problem,but others madeno remark about it.(remark)3.We attempt to evaluate theeffectiveness of the drug andfinally submit an evaluation reportto the public.(evaluate)4.He has analysed the curre
9、nteconomic situation in great detail,and most experts think hisanalysis is acceptable.(analyse)5.When told there was noapparent explanation for thecrash,the airport managerpaused,apparently lost inthought,(apparent)1.(2020全国卷 I)The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7：30 amto 5：00 pm and
10、is located at Roma Street station.BA.特性；性质 B.财物；财产C.房产；房屋2.(2019全国卷 II)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your shortand long term objectives,keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.CA.客观的 B.物镜 C.目标3.(2019江苏卷)Believing in such a world,many governments have put an end tosom
11、e of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital,labour andgoods,with poor results.AA.流动 B.连贯 C.涨潮 短语理解 运用高频短语语境运用1.by chance 偶然地2.in sisto n 坚决要求e to power（开始）掌权；上台4.get stuck 卡住；陷入5.sum up 总结；概括6.wear and tear（正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗7.take up a position 担任；任职8.lead t o 导致；造成9.draw out 提取
12、10.as a consequence 因此；结果选用左面短语的适当形式填空。1.Only when we regularly sum up the pastexperience and draw lessons from it can wego further.2.Looking forward to a better salary,hedecided to leave to take up a position withanother company.3.They helped and learned from each other；as a consequence,they became
13、 good friends.4.Most people think that things havechanged for the better since the newgovernment came to power.5.The discovery of new evidence led to thethief s being caught.句式辨识 运用教材原句背诵句式结构仿写Lit is+z?.-ed+that.据.On 18 April 1955,it was reported thatEinstein had passed away,and the wholeworld mourn
14、ed the great loss of a brilliantscientist.据说当你感觉孤单时，狗会一直陪伴你，只要你需要它们。It is said that dogs will keep youcompany as long as you need them.2.Upon/On doing.就Upon hearing that she had been awardedthe Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour这对夫妇一到宾馆就将获赠一瓶葡萄酒。The couple will be presented with a重雎考点探究ZHONGNAN KAODIA
15、N TANJIU 突 破 思 维 瓶 颈is not just mine.”bottle of wine on/upon airiving/thei)arrival at the hotel.3.状语从句的省略While working there,out of a strongpassion fbr knowledge,he continued tostudy,earning a doctorate in physics in1905.他已养成阅读时记笔记的习惯。He has developed the habit of takingnotes while reading.1.vital闻/
16、.课本义 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 增补义 维持生命所需的 高考原句 2019天津卷 Reading is a vital part of my life.(l)be vital for/to.对.极为重要(2)It is vital to do.做.是重要的(3)It is vital that sb.(should)do sth.对某人来说，做某事是极重要的If we are to make a difference in environmental protection，its vital that weshould begin with small things.如果我们想在
17、环境保护方面有所作为，重要的一点是我们应该从小事做起。.语块存储.be of vital importance to your future career 对你的前程至关重要play a vital role in our society在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用the vital signs of the patient 病人的生命体征 基础练习 单句语法填空(2019天津卷)Understanding history is vital to understanding(understand)ourselves as a people and as a nation.Whats mor
18、e,some drivers,cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital toobey(obey)traffic rules.链接写作 一句多译重要的是我们应从失败中吸取教训。正如谚语所说，“失败乃成功之母。”What is vital is that we should learn something from failure.Just as the sayinggoes,“Failure is the mother of success.（主语从句）It is vital to learn something from failure.Ju
19、st as the saying goes,uFailure isthe mother of success.（it 作形式主语）mit 课本义”,承诺；保证加 忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）增补义皿调拨（金钱、时间）（l）commit oneself to（do/doing）sth.专心致志于；承诺/保证（做）某事（2）committed。4.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的be committed to（doing/do）sth.承诺/全身心地投入（做）某事（3）commitment n.投入；奉献；承诺make a commitment to（doing/do）sth.保证/承诺做某事Th
20、e world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund.世界各国已承诺设立气候应对基金。.语块存储.二commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀commit the number to memory i己牢这个号码a commitment to equal pay for equal work 同工同酬的承诺 基础练习 单句语法填空/单句改错He was a good man who was committed（commit）to his family as well
21、 as to hiswork.If you are serious about our relationship,you should make a commitment（commit）.The old woman commits her to taking care of the poor children.her-herself 链接写作 句式升级（普通表达）As she was committed to the project,she seldom played with herchildren.（高级表达）Committed to the project,she seldom play
22、ed with her children.（用形容词短语作状语改写）3.acknowledge 课本义 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 增补义 接受；告知收到 高 考 原 句 2019全 国卷 II Her years of hard work have finally beenacknowledged after a customer nominated her to be Cheshire，s Woman Of The Year.(l)acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as.认为某人/物是.；承认某人/物是acknowledge doing s th.承认做 了 某事
23、acknowledge that.承认.(2)It is universally/widely acknowledged that.是大家公认的It is now generally acknowledged that he was innocent.现在大家普遍认为他是无辜的。.语块存1诸.acknowledge the need for reform 承认改革的必要性acknowledge the applause with a bow 鞠躬对掌声表示感谢be widely acknowledged as the world*s greatest living scientist 被公认为
24、是当今最伟大的科学家 widely 链接写作 一句多译正如大家所公认的，除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界，否则我们不可能看到更蓝的天空。It is acknowledged that we cant see a bluer sky unless we create a lesspolluted world.(it 作形式主语)As is acknowledged,we cant see a bluer sky unless we create a less pollutedworld.(定语从句)4.in sist况坚持；坚决要求 高考原句 全国卷 H But he insists on us
25、eating healthy food.(l)insist on(sb./one,s)doing sth.坚决要求(某人)做某事；执意(某人)做某事insist that.(从句用陈述语气)坚持说；认为insist that sb.(should)do.(从句用虚拟语气)坚决要求；主张He insisted on his innocence,saying to the judges that he was set up by hispartner.他坚持说自己是清白的，对法官说他被他的合伙人陷害了。.语块存储.insist on paying for the damage 坚持要赔偿损失if
26、you insist如果你坚持的话；如果你执意要这样insist on the highest standards of cleanliness 坚持要求卫生达到最高标准kJ 基础练习 单句语法填空He insisted on walking(walk)me to the station to see me off,which nearlymoved me to tears.The police officer insisted that he had disobeyed(disobey)the traffic rules andbe fined(fine).链接写作 句式改写We can b
27、uild up our body only when we insist on working out regularly.f Only when we insist on working out regularly can we build up ou】body.(用倒装句改写)5.conclusion .课本义 结论；推论 增补义 结尾;缔结 高考原句 2019全国卷 I When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.(l)come to/r
28、each/draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之|sth.from sth.从.中推断(2)conclude 一,from sth.that.出.with sth.(3)conclude sth.i,.1(by doing sth.以结束In conclusionI like everything in spring,especially the feelings bathed in therain and sunshine.总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉。基础练习 单句语法填空He concluded his speech w
29、ith a distinguished saying uWhere there is a will,there is a way.”We can safely draw the conclusion(conclude)that more practice is crucial toour daily study.链接写作 一句多译我从自己的经历中得出结论，“不劳无获”。I concluded/conclude f?om my own experience that,“No pains,nogains.”(conclude)I drew/draw a conclusion f?om my own
30、 experience that,“No pains,nogains.”(conclusion)6.circumstance n.usually pl 条件；环境；状况 高考厚句2019 全国卷 H Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example,you may want to be a pilot but cant become one because your eyesightis not good enough.(l)in/under no circumstances绝不(置于句首,句子要用倒装语序)(2)in/
31、under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样(3)in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下Under no circumstances did I expect that I would meet so many problems whenI decided to take the job.当我决定接受这份工作时,我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。基础练习 单句语法填空Under no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity,which is vital formy future d
32、evelopment.If circumstances(circumstance)permit,I will go on talking about the problem,which is difficult to cope with.链接写作 一补全句子Under no circumstances should you give up your d eams(你决不能放弃你的梦想)even if everybody goes far away from you.Under/In no circumstances will 1(我绝对不会)subscribe to your unreason
33、ablerequest.7.consequence n.结果；后果 高考原旬 2019全国卷 I Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed,Dr.Prinstein，s studies show unpleasant consequence.(l)as a consequence 因此；结果as a consequence of 由于in consequence 因此；结果(2)consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的consequently 因此；结果The rise in global temperature will result i
34、n serious consequences.全球气温上升将会导致严重的后果。厂.语块存储.of no/little consequence不重要的；无足轻重的the social consequence of high levels of unemployment 高失业率带来的社会后果have disastrous consequences for the environment 给环境带来灾难性后果k_ J 基础练习 单句语法填空(DConsequently(consequent),she succeeded in making a kind of candy onlyusing nat
35、ural sweeteners.She was over age limit and,in consequence(consequent),her applicationwas rejected.链接写作 同义替换Regardless of the risk of getting infected,Uncle Li is devoted to his job.As aresult,he deserves our respect.-Regardless of the risk of getting infected,Uncle Li is devoted to his job.As aconse
36、quence,he deserves our respect.8.take u p占好位置以备；拿起；开始从事；占据；继续；从事于；接受take of f 脱掉（衣服等）；起飞；事业腾飞；休假take o v e r接管；获得对的控制或管理take d o w n 写下；记下；拆除take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事Roger took up painting for a while,but soon lost interest.罗杰有段时间喜欢上了绘画，但很快就又没了兴趣。厂.语块存储.take up a position as director of
37、 strategy 担任策略总监take the matter up with my lawyer与我的律师一起着手处理此事take up the challenge of 接受.的挑战take up most of the weekend占去周末的大半时间 基础练习 写出句中黑体部分的含义On the contrary,smart phones not only take up our valuable time,but also dogreat harm to our health.占据I put the telephone down and took up my work a ain.继
38、续(3)Peter will take up his post as head of the travel agency at the end of nextmonth.接受 链接写作 同义替换He didn，t understand what he read because his mind was focused on somethingelse.-*He didn，t take in what he read because his mind was focused on somethingelse.9.教材原句Upon hearing that she had been awarded
39、 the Nobel Prize,shesaid,“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me,and all the peopleof my country.当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她就说：“这荣誉不仅仅属于我。它也属于我背后的团队以及我的祖国的人民”句法句式 upon/on doing是介词短语用作时间状语，意 为“一.就.”。表 示“一.就.”的结构还有：the minute；the moment；the instant；as soon as；immediately；directly；instantly；hardly.w
40、hen.；no sooner.than.；on/upon.,等。Upon arriving at the office,he realized that he had left his cellphone at home.-到办公室，他就意识到自己把手机忘在家里了。基础练习 单句语法填空On finishing(finish)it,I was struck by the feeling that it was the bestcomposition I had ever written.(2)Instantly(instant)Wang Yaping,a female astronaut,tu
41、rned up at the meeting,people began to applaud.链接写作 一句多译一回到祖国，女排就收到了赞扬和鲜花。Upon/On their arrival at the homeland,the Womens Volleyball Team receivedpraise and flowers.(upon/on)As soon as they arrived at the homeland,the Womens Volleyball Teamreceived praise and flowers.(as soon as)The moment they arr
42、ived at the homeland,the Womens Volleyball Teamreceived praise and flowers.(the moment)关 键 能 力 评 估GUANJIAN NENGLI PINGGU 强 化 运 用 技 能夯基固本一基础落实I.用所给词的正确形式填空。X.(2019全国卷 II)This is quite important,because it is directly related to yourcommitment(commit).2.Under these circumstances(circumstance),what mat
43、ters most is not only ourpersistence but also our attitudes.3.Consequently(consequent),she understood it and became interested intraditional Chinese culture.4.The librarian insists that John(should)take(take)no more books from thelibrary before he returns all the books he has borrowed.5.She is ackno
44、wledged(acknowledge)as an expert on the subject now.n.改正下列句子中的错误。1.r ve come to the conclusion he，s not the right person for the job.conclusionjg.力 口 that2.Upon heard the news of the air attack,most people headed for theborder.heard f hearing3.The gentleman acknowledged as donating a great deal of m
45、oney to the floodedarea.去掉 as4.Committed himself to scientific research,he couldn51 afford a holiday.去掉himself5.I asked him to stay for a while,but he insisted leaving at once.insisted 后 力 口onin.在空白处填入一个适当的词。X.As is known to us,a balanced diet is vital to/for ones health.2.She insists on all her emp
46、loyees coming to the Christmas lunch she gives everyyear.3.This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonelypeople in his community,who are easy targets of cheating.4.Li Hua will take up his position as chairman of the Student Association at theend of next month.5.Under no ci
47、rcumstances shall we agree to such a principle.查缺补漏知识拾遗I.用所给词的正确形式填空。1.(2020全国卷U)As a novelist(novel),Ive found a new relationship withlibraries.2.(2019天津卷)However,technology is also the application of scientific(science)knowledge to solve a problem,touching lives in countless ways.3.(2019江苏卷)Steve
48、moved to the piano and sat at the bench,hands tremblingas he gently(gentle)placed his fingers on the keys.4.Tsinghua University,founded(found)in 1911,is home to a great number ofoutstanding figures.5.(2019 全国到11)开 there is truly a concern about a professor，s professionalismor ability,be sure to use
49、online course evaluations(evaluate)to calmly offer yourcomments.n.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1.The article summed up the remarkable achievements made in electroniccomputers,artificial satellites and rockets.2.Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion for lifelonglearning in science,math and t
50、echnology.3.100 is the temperature at which water will boil.4.The artists had little faith in the political leader who came to power after thewar.5.The organization was formed in 1996,with the objective of providing help forthose in need.强技提能语言应用I.语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短