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1、考研外语冲刺试卷12一、Use of English1、Large companies need a way to reach the savings of thepublic at large.The(1)problem,or a small scale,faces(2)every company trying to develop new products andcreate new jobs.There can be little prospect of(3)thesums needed from friends and people we know.And(4)banksmay agr
2、ee to provide short-term finance.They are generallyunwilling to provide money on a(5)_basis for long-term(6).So companies(7)the public,inviting people tolend them money,or take a share in future profits.This theydo by(8)stocks and shares of their business in a stock(9).By doing so they can(1 0)and u
3、se the savingsof individuals and institutions,both at home and overseas,when the inventor needs his money back,he does not have to gothe company with whom he(1 1)placed it.(1 2),hesells his shares through a(1 3)to some other person whois seeking to invest his money,many of the services needed(1 4)by
4、 industry and by each of us are provided by thegovernment or by local(1 5)Without hospitals,roads,electricity,telephones,railways,etc,this country could not(1 6).All these require continuous spending on newequipment and new development if they are to serve us properly,requiring more money that is ra
5、ised through taxes alone.Thegovernment,local authorities,and nationalized industries(1 7)frequently need to borrow money to(1 8)majorcapital spending,and they,too,come to a stock exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country(1 9)joband standard of living does not depend on the ability of h
6、isor her employers to raise money to finance new development.Inone way or another this new money must come from the investmentfunds of the country.Stock exchanges exist to provide a(2 0)through which these funds can reach those who needfinancing.A.identicalB.equivalentC.alikeD.same2、A.advantageously
7、B.theoreticallyC.practicallyD.adventurously3、(3)A.raisingB.collectingC.gatheringD.accumulating4、A.only ifB.even ifC.if onlyD.whereas5、(5)A.potentialB.perpetualC.patentD.permanent6、(6)A.perspectiveB.prosperityC.prospectD.project7、(7)3A.turn toB.turn upC.turn outD.turn down8、(8)A.publishingB.grantingC
8、.issuingD.delivering9、(9)A.exchangeB.substituteC.replacementD.bargain10、(10)A.distractB.assimilateC.depositD.stake11、(H)A.originallyB.primitively工 4C.formallyD.formerly12、(12)A.A ctuallyB.I nsteadC.VirtuallyD.I nstead of13、(13)A.stockholderB.stockbrokerC.merchantD.donor14、(14)A.bothB.eachC.allD.eith
9、er15、(15)A.authoritiesB.mechanismC.organizationD.institution516、(16)A.operatedB.manipulateC.handleD.function17、(17)A.thusB.neverthelessC.thereforeD.hence18、(18)A.financeB.offerC.investD.mortgage19、(19)A.whosB.whoseC.whomD.that20、(20)A.access目6B.passageC.wayD.channel二、Reading Comprehension1、Part ADir
10、ections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questionsbelow each text by choosing A,B,C or D.(40 points)For Tony Blair,home is a messy sort of place,where the primeministers job is not to uphold eternal values but to forcethrough some unpopular changes that may make the country worka bit better.
11、The area where this is most obvious,and whereit matters most,is the public services.Mr.Blair faces adifficulty here which is partly of his own making.By focusinghis last election campaign on the need to improve hospitals,schools,transport and policing,he built up expectations.Mr.Blair has said many
12、times that reforms in the way the publicservices work need to go alongside increases in cash.Mr.Blair has made his task harder by committing a classicnegotiating error.Instead of extracting concessions from theother side before promising his own,he has pledged himself tohigher spending on public ser
13、vices without getting a commitmentto change from the unions.Why,given that this pledge has beenmade,should the health unions give ground in return?In aspeech on March 20th,Gordon Brown,the chancellor of theexchequer,said that the something-for-nothing days are overin our public services and there ca
14、n be no blank cheques.Butthe government already seems to have given health workers ablank cheque.Nor are other ministries conveying quite the same message asthe treasury.On March 19th,John Hutton,a health minister,announced that cleaners and catering staff in newprivately-funded hospitals working fo
15、r the National Healthservice will still be government employees,entitled to thesame pay and conditions as other health-service workers.Sinceone of the main ways in which the government hopes to reform,the public sector is by using private providers,and since oneof the main ways in which private prov
16、iders are likely to beable to save money is by cutting labor costs,this move seemsto undermine the governments strategy.Now the government faces its hardest fight.The police needreforming more than any other public service.Half of them,forinstance,retire early,at a cost of&1 billion a year to thetax
17、payer.The police have voted 10-1 against proposals from thehome secretary,David Blunkett,to reform,their workingpractices.This is a fight the government has to win.If the police getaway with it,other public service workers will reckon they cantoo.And,if they all get away it,Mr.Blairs domesticpolicy-
18、which is what voters are most likely to judge him ona the next election will be a failure.What may be the attitude of many public-service workerstowards the strategy of Blairs government?A.Resentful.B.Accommodative.C.Supportive.D.Apprehensive.2、Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A.
19、It is not surprising that Mr.Blair cuts an impressivefigure at home.B.Reforms of the police are bound up with increases in cash.C.It is vital that Mr.Blairs election campaign depend onreforms.D.The present conditions of public services may fall shortof expectations.3、When mentioning the something-fo
20、r-nothing days，/(Paragraph1),the writer is talking aboutA.Mr.Blairs unique commitment to public service reforms.B.blank cheques given as a compromise to health workers.C.Mr.Blair;s pledge to spending increases on public services.D.pay and conditions granted to health-service workers.4、The conclusion
21、 can be drawn from the text that Britain,s publicservices may beA.at a dangerous stage.B.for lack of investment.C.in the interests of workers.D.on the verge of collapse.5、The views of Gordon Brown and J ohn Hutton on public servicesreforms areA.identical.B.opposite.C.similar.D.complementary.6、Everyd
22、ay some 16m barrels of oil leave the Gulf throughthe Strait of Hormuz.That is enough to fill a soft-drink canfor everyone on earth,or to power every motor vehicle on theplanet for 25 miles(40 km).Gulf oil accounts for 40%of globaltrade in the sticky stuff.More important,it makes uptwo-thirds of know
23、n deposits.Whereas at present productionrates the rest of the worlds oil reserves will last for a mere25 years,the Gulfs will last for 100.In other words,theregions strategic importance is set to grow and grow.Or at least so goes the conventional wisdom,which is usuallyrounded out with scary talk of
24、 unstable supplies,spendthriftregimes and a potential fundamentalist menace.Yet all thosenumbers come with caveats.A great deal of oil is consumed bythe countries that produce it rather than traded,so in realitythe Gulf accounts for less than a quarter of the worlds dailyconsumption.As for reserves,
25、the figures are as changeable asa mirage in the desert.The most comprehensive researchavailable,conducted by the US Geological Survey,refers to an“expected“total volume for global hydrocarbon deposits thatis about double current known reserves.Using that figure,andthrowing in natural gas along with
26、oil,it appears that the Gulfcontains a more moderate 30%or so of the planet,s futurefossil-fuel supplies.Leaving out the two Gulf states that arenot covered in this survey一Iran and Iraq一the remaining sixbetween them hold something like 20%of world hydrocarbonreserves,not much more than Russia.All th
27、e same,it is still a hefty chunk;enough,you might think,to keep the people living atop the wells in comfort for theforeseeable future.But you might be wrong.At present,thenations of the Gulf Cooperation Council have a combinednational income roughly equal to Switzerland,s,but apopulation which,at ar
28、ound 30m,is more than four times as big.It is also the fastest-growing on earth,having increased atnine times the Swiss rate over the past quarter-century.Meanwhile the region，s share of world oil trade has fallen,ashas the average price per barrel.As a result,the income per person generated by GCC
29、oil exportshas been diminishing since the 1970s.True,surging demand fromAmerica and Asia has recently boosted the Gulfs share of trade,but the medium-term outlook for oil pries remains weak.Combined with continued growth in oil consumption,this shouldcreate sustained upward pressure on prices.And hi
30、gh oil priceswill speed the search for alternatives.Who knows,in 20 yearstime fuel cells and hydrogen power may have started to becomecommercial propositions.In the eyes of the author,conventional opinion on thestrategic importance of the Gulf oil is.A.reassuring.B.changeable.C.paradoxical.D.exagger
31、ated.7、By mentioning the figures are as changeable as a mirage inthe desert”,the author is talking about.A.the wealthy people who live atop the wells in the Gulf.B.the planets future fossil-fuel supplies.C.the inconsistent estimates on oil deposits in the Gulf.D.the oil traded in the international m
32、arkets.8、Why does the author not think that it is still a hefty chunk”?A.The people in the Gulf would not benefit in certain ways.B.The Gulf countries are incomparable to the county Swiss.C.Continued oil consumption will create high price pressures.D.Oil reserves will continue to be a supply of reso
33、urces.9、It is generally believed that oil produced in the Gulf.A.will leave the locals in impoverished conditions,B.is less than the assessment in a comprehensive research.C.will diminish the regions strategic importance.D.is traded rather than consumed by its producers.10、To which of the follow is
34、the author likely to agree?A.Some of the worlds bothersome hotspots are near the Gulf.B.Oil is big,but it is not the only reason to take the Gulfseriously.C.While the oil price keeps rising,the Gulf is an attractiveto traders.D.Tighten thrift regimes on oil consumption,the singleremedy.11、The dot-co
35、m collapse may have been a disaster for WallStreet,but here in Silicon Valley,it was a blessing.It wasthe welcome end to an abnormal condition that very nearlydestroyed the area in an overabundance of success.You see,thesecret to the Valleys astounding multiple-decade boom isfailure.Failure is what
36、fuels and renews this place.Failureis the foundation for innovation.The valley，s business ecology depends on failure the same waythe tree-covered hills around us depend on fire一it wipes outthe old growth and creates space for new life.The valley hasalways been in danger of drowning in the unwelcome
37、wasteproducts of successtoo many people,too expensive houses,toomuch traffic,too little office space and too much money chasingtoo few startups.Failure is the safety valve,the destructiverenewing force that frees up people,ideas and capital andrecombines them,creating new revolutions.Consider how th
38、e Internet revolution came to be.After half adecade of start-up struggles,for example,hundreds of millionsof Hollywood dollars were going up in smoke.It all seemed likea terrible waste,but no one noticed that the collapse left onevery important byproduct,a community of laid-off C-Hprogrammers who we
39、re now expert in multimedia design,and outon the street looking for the next big thing.These media geeks were the pioneer of the dot-com revolution.They were the Webs business pioneers,applying their newfoundmedia sensibilities to create one little company after another.Most of these start-ups faile
40、d,but even in failure theyadvanced the new medium of cyberspace.A few geeks,like SiliconGraphics founder J im Clark,succeeded and utterly changed ourlives.In 1994 Clark was unemployed after leaving the companybe founded,doggedly trying to develop a new interactive-TVconcept.He approached Marc Andree
41、ssen,the co-developer ofMosaic,the first widely used Internet browser,in hope ofpersuading Andreessen to help him design his new system.Instead,Andreessen opened Clark,s eyes to the Webs potential.Clark promptly tossed his TV plans in the trash,and the twoco-founded Netscape,the cornerstone of the c
42、onsumer Webrevolution.Like the interactive-TV refugees and generations of innovatorsbefore them,the dot comers are already hatching new companies.Many are revisiting good ideas executed badly in the 90s,whileothers are striking out into entirely new spaces.This happychaos is certain to mature into a
43、 new order likely to upset anestablishment,as it delivers life-changing wonders to the restof us.But this is just the start,for revolutions give birthto revolutions.So lets hope for more of Silicon Valley，ssuccessful failures.What is implied in the first sentence?A.The Silicon Valley blamed its fail
44、ure on the success of WallStreet.B.The Silicon Valley is also noted for its complex ecologicalweb.C.The Silicon Valley takes a vain pride in its overabundantsuccesses.D.The Silicon Valley would benefit from the collapse incertain ways.12、The most favorable business ecology in Silicon Vai ley ischara
45、cterized byA.its waste products of success.B.its abundance in constructive failures.C.its solid foundation for innovations.D.its laid-off dot-com programmers.13、It can be learned from the text that new start-upsA.usually end up with a failure.B.are subjected to rigid supervision.C.tend to collapse a
46、s a whole.D.never take into account failures.14、The author writes of the experiences of J im Clark todemonstrateA.the hardships a web pioneer must go through.B.the plight in which Clark was caught.C.the role failures positively play in revolutions.D.the cooperation among dot-comers.15、What the autho
47、r is trying to suggest may be best interpretedasA.Where there is a will,there is a way.B.He who laughs last laughs best.C.Successful failures is the best medicine.D.More haste,less speed.16、During the 1990s boom Dell Computers customers got hookedon speed.Most were willing to pay a premium to have t
48、heircomputers shipped by overnight air express.But today,theequation has flipped.Customers prize cost savings over speed.“Now,most of our computers in the U.S.are shipped on theground一and we can still reach just about everyone within twodays,z，says Fred Montoya,Dells vice president for worldwidelogi
49、stics.Express air shipping isnt in a death spiral.Butrecession-spooked consumers and manufacturers are less willingto pay for overnight delivery,which is three to five times moreexpensive than ground shipping.Even when they pay,satisfaction is not guaranteed.After September 11,securityscrutiny of ai
50、r freight can result in long delays一which meansroads may actually be faster.Thats another reason why thenumber of packages shipped by air domestically fell 7.6%in 2022.And even with the recovery under way,air express volume isforecast to rebound by just 3%this year.Theres a massmigration from air to