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1、上册Lesson One Rock Superstars关于我们和我们的社会，他们告诉了我们些什么？What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?摇滚乐是青少年叛逆的音乐。一摇滚乐评论家约相罗克韦尔Rock is the music of teenage rebellion.J ohn Rockwell,rock music critic知其崇拜何人便可知其人。说家罗伯特佩恩沃伦By a mans heroes ye shall know him.Ftobert Ftenn Warren,novelist1972年6月的一天，芝加哥圆
2、形剧场挤满了大汗淋漓、疯狂摇摆的人们。I t was mid-J une,1972,the Chicago Amphitheater was packed,sweltering,rocking.滚石摇滚乐队的迈克贾格尔正在台上演唱“午夜漫步人”。Mick J agger of the Ftolling Stones was singing Midnight Rambler.演唱结束时评论家唐赫克曼在现场。Qitic Don Heckman was there when the song ended.他描述道：“贾格尔抓起一个半加仑的水罐沿舞台前沿边跑边把里面的水泗向前几排汗流狭背的听众。听众们
3、蜂 拥般跟随着他跑，急切地希望能沾上几滴洗礼的圣水。“J agger,he said,grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform,sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners.They surge to follow him,eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops.1973年12月下旬的一天，约1.4万名歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场尖叫着，乱哄哄地拥向台前。
4、I t was late December,1973,Some 14,000 screaming fans were crunching up to the front of the stage at Capital Center,outside Washington,D.C.美国的恐怖歌星艾利丝库珀的表演正接近尾声。Alice Cooper,Americas singing ghoul,was ending his act.他表演的最后一幕是假装在断头台上结束自己的生命。He ends it by pretending to end his life-with a guillotine.他的
5、“头”落入一个草篮中。His head drops into a straw basket.哎呀！一个黑衣女孩子惊呼道：“啊!真是了不起，不是吗？“Ooh,gasped a girl dressed in black.Oh,isnt that marvelous?当时，14岁的迈克珀力也在场，但他的父母不在那里。Fburteen-year-old Mick Fterlie was there too,but his parents werent.“他们觉得他恶心，恶心，恶心，”迈克说，“他们对我说，你怎么受得了那些？”They think hes sick,sick,sick,Mike sai
6、d.They say to me,How can you stand that stuff?1974年1月下旬的一天，在纽约州尤宁谷城拿骚体育场内，鲍勃狄伦和“乐队”乐队正在为音乐会上要用的乐器 调音。I t was late J anuary,1974.I nside the Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale,New York,Bob Dylan and The Band were tuning for a concert.馆外，摇滚歌迷克利斯辛格在大雨中等待着入场。Outside,in the pouring rain,fan Chris Snger was wai
7、ting to get in.“这是朝圣，”克利斯说，“我应该跪着爬进去。”“This is pilgrimage,Chris said,l*l ought to be aawling on my knees.对于这一切好评及个人崇拜，你怎么看？How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship?当米克贾格尔的崇拜者们把他视为上帝的最高代表或是一个神时，你是赞成还是反对？When Mick J aggers fans look at him as a high priest or a god,are you with them o
8、r against them?你也和克利斯辛格一样对鲍勃狄伦怀有几乎是宗教般的崇敬吗？Do you share Chris Sngers almost religious reverence for Bob Dylan?你认为他或狄伦是步入歧途吗？Do you think he-or Dylan-is misguided?你也认为艾利丝库珀令人恶心而拒不接受吗？Do you reject Alice Cooper as sick?难道你会莫名其妙地被这个奇怪的小丑吸引，原因就在于他表达出你最狂热的幻想？Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown
9、,perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies?这些并不是闲谈。These arent idle questions.有些社会学家认为对这些问题的回答可以充分说明你在想些什么以及社会在想些什么一也就是说，有关你和社 会的态度。Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking-in other words,about wh
10、ere you and your society are.社会学家欧文霍洛威茨说：“音乐表现其时代。”*Music expressed its times,says sociologist I rving Horowitz.霍洛威茨把摇滚乐的舞台视为某种辩论的论坛，一个各种思想交锋的场所。Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum,a place where ideas clash and crash.他把它看作是一个美国社会努力为自己的感情及信仰不断重新进行解释的地方。He sees it as a place
11、 where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.他说：“重新解释是一项只有青年人才能执行的任务。只有他们才把创造与夸张、理性与运动、言语与声音、音 乐与政治融为一体。”“The redefinition,Horowitz says,11 is a task uniquely performed by the young.I t is they alone who combine invention and exaggeration,reason and motion,word a
12、nd sound,music and politics.作曲兼演唱家托德伦德格伦对这个观点表示赞同。Todd Rundgren,the composer and singer,agrees.他说：“摇滚乐与其说是一种音乐力量不如说是一种社会心理的表现。就连埃尔维斯普雷斯利也并非是一种伟人 的音乐力量，他只不过是体现了 50年代青少年那种心灰意冷的精神状态。”“Rock music,he says,is really a sociological expression rather than a musical force.B/en Bvis FYesley wasnt really a gre
13、at musical force.I ts just that Bvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s.毫无疑问，普雷斯利震惊了美国的成人世界。Of course Presley horrified adult America.报纸写社论攻击他，电视网也禁止播他，但也许埃尔维斯证实了霍洛威茨和伦德格伦的看法。Newspapers editorialized against him,and TV networks banned him.But Bvis may have proved what Horow
14、itz and Rundgren believe.当他通过电视上埃德沙利文的星期日晚间的综艺节目出现在千百万人面前时，就引起了某种辩论。When he appeared on the Bi.Sullivan Sunday night variety show in front of millions,a kind of debate took place.多数年纪大的观众眉头紧皱，而大多数年轻观众则报以掌声欢迎。Most of the older viewers frowned,while most of the younger viewers applauded.摇滚乐评论家们说，从埃尔维斯
15、到艾利丝，许多歌星帮助我们的社会解说其信仰与态度。Between Bvis and Alice,rock critics say,a number of rock stars have helped our society define its beliefs and attitudes.鲍勃狄伦触动了对现状不满的神经，他唱到民权、核散落物以及孤独。Bob Dylan touched a nerve of disaffection.He spoke of civil rights,nuclear fallout,and loneliness.他唱到变革和老一代人的迷茫，他在歌声中唱道：“这儿正
16、发生着什么事，你不知道是什么事，对吗，琼斯先生？”He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older generation.Somethings happening here,he sang.Ubu dont know what it is,do you,Mr.J ones?,其他人也加入了这场辩论。Others entered the debate.霍洛威茨说，甲壳虫乐队以幽默的方式，或许还借助麻醉品的力量来倡导和平与虔诚。傲慢无理、打架斗殴的滚 石乐队成员要求革命。杰斐逊飞机乐队的歌曲“我们能够联合”和“志愿者”(有一场革命)则是激
17、进青年的更进一 步的两项声明。The Beatles,Horowitz said,urged peace and piety,with humor and maybe a little help from drugs.The Rolling Stones,arrogant street-fighting men,demanded revolution.The J efferson Airplanes We Can Be Together and Vblunteers(Got a Ftevolution)were two further statements of radical youth.但
18、政治并不是60年代强硬派摇滚乐所辩论的惟一主题，始终作为任何音乐永恒组成部分的情感也是一个重要题 目。But politics wasnt the only subject debated in the hard rock of the sixties.Feelings,always a part of any musical statement,were a major subject.詹妮丝乔普林用歌声表达自己的悲哀。J anis J ophin sang of her sadness.甲壳虫乐队揭示出爱与恨之间的一系列的感情。The Beatles showed there were a
19、 range of emotions between love and hate.以后又出现了“乐队”乐队把乡村音乐和西部音乐所表达的较为传统的观念与强硬派摇滚乐较为激进的“都市”观念 结合在一起。Then came The Band,mixing the more traditional ideas of country and western music into the more radical city ideas of the hard rock.霍洛威茨认为这一成分的乡村音乐帮助听众表达了一种“摆脱这一切”，“重返过去时光”的强烈愿望。This country element,Ho
20、rowitz feels,helped its audience express an urge to get away from it all,to go back to the old day.当前最能说明霍洛威茨看法的例子之一就是约翰丹佛，他最著名的歌曲阳光照在我肩上、高高的落基山 和乡间小路把民间摇滚乐的音乐灵魂与力量结合了起来，而歌词则赞美了“往日美好时光”的朴素的欢乐。One of the best current examples of what Horotwitz is talking about is J ohn Denver.His most notable songs-1
21、1 Sunshine on My Shoulders,Ftocky Mountain High,and Country Ftoad-combine the musical drive and power of folk rock,while the lyrics celebrate the simple joys of*the good old days.这样的例子不胜枚举。The list could go on and on.这些摇滚乐音乐家们和所有的艺术家一样反映出我们借以认识并形成属于自己的感情与信念。Like all artists,these rock musicians mirr
22、or feelings and beliefs that help us see and form our own.我们以什么来回报他们呢？当然是掌声和赞美。What do we give them in return?Applause and praise,of course.在1972年的一次全国民意测验中,10%的男高中生和30%以上的女高中生都说他们最崇拜的人是超级摇滚歌星。I n one 1972,national opinion poll,more than 10 percent of the high school boys and 20 percent of the girls
23、 said their hero was a rock superstar.此外我们给他们金钱，商业杂志福布斯认为，“当今成为百万富翁的捷径是当摇滚歌星。”We also give them money.The fastest way to become a millionaire these days,says Forbes,a business magazine,is to become a rock n roll star.今天的英雄们一至少其中一部分人一告诉我们，他们很喜欢所得到的报偿。Todays heroes-some of them,anyway-tell us they enj
24、oy their rewards.“我暗自嘲笑这些先生们和女士们，他们从没想到过我们会成为金娃娃。”演唱这支歌曲的是文化英雄艾利丝库 珀。“And I laughed to myself at the men and the ladies.Who never conceived of us billion-dollar babies.The particular culture hero who sings that is Alice cooper.可是，仍然存在着一个大问题：为什么他是文化英雄？The big question remains:Why is he a culture hero
25、?他，或者当今任何其他走红的摇滚歌星能告诉我们些什么有关他们的歌迷的事情？What does he-or any other current rock success-tell us about his fans?对于我们自己和我们的社会有些什么了解？现在怎样，过去如何，将来又将向何处去？About ourselves and our society?Where it is,where it was,where its heading?青年人的四种选择Lesson 2:Four Choices for Young Fteople在毕业前不久，斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆宾司给我写了一封信，信中谈及
26、他的一些不安。Shortly before his graduation,J im Binns,president of the senior class at Stanford University,wrote me about some of his misgivings.他写道：“与其他任何一代人相比，我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑同时越来越倾向于全盘否 定成人世界。”More than any other generation,he said,our generation views the adult world with great skepticism.there i
27、s also an increased tendency to reject completely that world.很明显，他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries.在过去的几年里，我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话，他们有的还在大学读书，有的已经毕业，他们对于成人的世界同 样感到不安。During the last few years,I have listened to scores of young people,in college and out,who were just as nervous
28、 about the grown world.大致来说，他们的态度可归纳如下：“这个世界乱糟糟的，到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。对此该负责的大概 应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。如果他们不能做得比这些更好，他们又能拿什么来教育我们呢？这样的教导，我们根本不需要。”Roughly,their attitude might be summed up about like this:The world is in pretty much of a mess,full of injustice,poverty,and war.The people responsible are,presumably,
29、the adults who have been running thing.I f they cant do better than that,what have they got to teach our generation?That kind of lesson we can do without.我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。There conclusions strike me as reasonable,at least from their point of view.对成长中的一代人来说，相关的问题不是我们的社会是否完美(我们可以想当然地认为是这样)，
30、而是应该如何 去应付它。The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect(we can take that for granted),but how to deal with it.尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理，但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。For all its harshness and irrationality,it is the only world weve got.因此，选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必须作出的第一个决定，这通常是他们一
31、生中最重 要的决定。Choosing a strategy to cope with it,then,is the first decision young adults have to make,and usually the most important decision of their lifetime.根据我的发现，他们的基本选择只有四种：So far as I have been able to discover,there are only four basic alternatives:1)脱离传统社会1)Drop Out这是最古老的方法之一，任何年龄的人无论在任何地方，也无论
32、是否使用迷幻剂都可以采用。This is one of the oldest expedients,and it can be practiced anywhere,at any age,and with or without the use of hallucinogens.那些认为这个世界残酷、复杂得令人难以忍受的人通常会选择这个办法。I t always has been the strategy of choice for people who find the world too brutal or too complex to be endured.实质上，这是一种寄生式的生活方式
33、，采取此策略的人通过这样或那样的方式寄生于这个他们蔑视的社会，并且 拒绝对这个社会承担责任By definition,this way of life is parasitic.I n one way or another,its practitioners batten on the society which they scorn and in which they refuse to take any responsibility.我们中的一些人对此很厌恶一认为这种生活方式很不光彩。Some of us find this distasteful-an undignified kind
34、of life.但对于那些卑微、懒惰又缺乏自尊的人来说，这也许是可行的最可以忍受的选择了。But for the poor in spirit,with low levels of both energy and pride,it may be the least intolerable choice available.2)逃避现实社会2)Flee这个策略早在远古就有先例。This strategy also has ancient antecedents.自文明诞生以来，就有人企图逃避文明社会，希望寻求一种更为朴素、更富田园风情、更为宁静的生活。B/er since civilizatio
35、n began,certain individuals have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler,more pastoral,and more peaceful life.与那些脱离传统社会的人不同，这些人不是寄生者。他们愿意自食其力，愿意为社会作出贡献，可是他们就是不 喜欢这个文明世界的环境。确地说，不喜欢这充满丑恶和紧张的大都市。Unlike the dropouts,they are not parasites.They are willing to support themselves and to con
36、tribute something to the general community,but they simply dont like the environment of civilization;that is,the city,with all its ugliness and tension.这种方法的问题在于无法大规模地进行实践。The trouble with this solution is that it no longer is practical on a large scale.不幸的是，在我们的地球上，高尚的野蛮人和未被破坏的自然景色已越来越少；除了两极地区以外已经没
37、有未开 发的土地了。Our planet,unfortunately,is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscaped;except for the polar regions,the frontiers are gone.少数富有的乡绅还可以逃避现实去过田园生活一但总的说来，迁移的潮流是向相反的方向流动。A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life-but in general the stream of mig
38、ration is flowing the other way.3）策划革命Rot a Ftevolution在对民主进程单调乏味的运作方式毫无耐心或相信只有武力才能改变基本社会制度的那些人中，这一策略颇受欢 迎。This strategy is always popular among those who have no patience with the tedious working of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force.它吸引了每一代年轻
39、人中那些更为活跃和更具理想主义的人。I t attracts some of the more active and idealistic young people of every generation.对他们来说，这种策略具有浪漫的吸引力，通常以某位魅力非凡且令人振奋的人物为其象征。To them it offers a romantic appeal,usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure.这一策略简单明了并具有更大的吸引力：“既然这个社会已经无可救药，那就让我们砸碎它，在它的废墟上面建 一个更好的社会。”I t
40、 has the even greater appeal of simplicity:Snce this society is hopelessly bad,lets smash it and build something better on the ruins.我最好的朋友中有些是革命者，他们中的一些人过得相当满足。Some of my best friends have been revolutionists,and a few of them have led reasonably satisfying lives.这部分人其实是那些革命并未成功的人，他们可以继续兴高采烈地策划大屠杀，
41、直至老态龙钟。These are the ones whose revolutions did not come off;they have been able to keep on cheerfully plotting their holocausts right into their senescence.另外一些人年纪轻轻就死了，死在监狱里或街垒旁。Others died young,in prison or on the barricades.但最不幸的是那些革命成功的人。But the most unfortunate are those whose revolutions hav
42、e succeeded.他们极度失望，看到他们推翻的权力机构又被新机构所替代，而新机构依旧是那样冷酷，那样毫无生机。They lived in bitter disillusionment,to see the establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one,just as hard-faced and stuffy.当然，我并不是说革命一无所成。I am not,of course,suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing.一些革命（美国革命，法国革命）确实将事情变得越来越好。
43、Some（The American Revolution,the French Revolution）clearly do change things for the better.我只是想说革命无论成败，那些策划革命的革命者们都注定要失望。My point is merely that the idealists who make the revolution are bound to be disappointed in either case.因为胜利的曙光无论如何也不会照耀在他们梦想中的那个摆脱了人类一切卑劣的灿烂的新世界上。For at best their victory neve
44、r dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of,cleansed of all human meanness.相反，它照在了一个熟悉的平庸的地方，这个地方仍旧需要食品杂货和污水排放。I nstead it dawns on a familiar,workaday place,still in need of groceries and sewage disposal.无论贴着什么样的政治标签，革命后的国家都不是由激进的浪漫主义者来治理，而是由市场营销、卫生工程和管 理官僚机构的专家来治理。The revolutionary state,
45、under whatever political label,has to be run-not by violent romantics-but by experts in marketing,sanitary engineering,and the management of bureaucracies.对一些决心改造社会，但同时又希望能找到一种比武装革命更可行的方法的理想主义者来说，还有另外一种选择。For the idealists who are determined to remake society,but who seek a more practical method tha
46、n armed revolution,there remains one more alternative.4）循序渐进，逐步改变社会Try to Change the World Gradually,One Qod at a Time 乍一看，这一途径毫无吸引力。At first glance,this course is far from inviting.它缺乏魅力，并且见效很慢。I t lacks glamour.I t promises no quick results.它依靠劝说和民主决策这些令人恼火且不可靠的方法来实现。I t depends on the exasperatin
47、g and uncertain instruments of persuasion and democratic decision making.它需要耐心，可我们却总是缺乏耐心。I t demands patience,always in short supply.它惟一的好处是有时这方法行得通一在这个特定的时间和地点，它比其他的任何策略都更有可能制止世界上的 某些恶行。About all that can be said for it is that it sometimes works-that in this particular time and place it offers a
48、better chance for remedying some of the worlds outrages than any other available strategy.至少历史事实似乎证明了这一点。So at least the historical evidence seems to suggest.我大学毕业的时候，我们这一代人也发现世界乱得一团糟。When I was graduating from college,my generation also found the world in a mess.几乎所有地方的经济机构都已崩溃，在美国几乎四分之一的人口失业。The e
49、conomic machinery had broken down almost everywhere:I n this country nearly a quarter of the population was out of work.一场大战似乎在所难免。A major was seemed all too likely.当时作为校报编辑，对这些我曾经猛烈地抗议过，像今天的学生积极分子一样。As a college newspaper editor at that time,I protested against this just as vehemently as student ac
50、tivists are protesting today.与此同时，我们这一代人渐渐发现改造世界有点像在亚平宁山区打仗一样。你刚刚占领一条山脉，另一条山脉又 在前方隐现。At the same time,my generation was discovering that reforming the world is a little like fighting a military campaign in the Apennines,as soon as you capture one mountain range,another one looms just ahead.当20世纪30年代