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1、高考总复习人教版语法专题(七)非谓语动词必修四Green高考总复习人教版一、非谓语动词的句法功能成分主语表语定语宾语补 语状语同位 语独立成 分不定式VVVVVVVVV-ingVVVVVVVVV-edVVVV必修四高考总复习人教版二、非谓语动词的形式(以make为例)语态与意义 形式与用法 类别语态意义和用法主动语态被动语态V-i ng一般式(not)making(not)being made常表示“主动”和“进行”完成式(not)having madehaving been made表示V-ing的动作发生在谓语动 词所表示的动作之前,般在句 中作时间或原因状语不定式一般式(not)to m
2、aketo be made不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之 后或(几乎)同时发生进行式to be making谓语动词的动作发生时,不定式 动词的动作止在进行。完成式to have madeto have been made不定式的动作先于谓语动作。必修四高考总复习人教版三、关于非谓语动词的几种被动形式的使用和区别被动形式意义与用法to be+V-ed表示未做的被动动作或行为being+V-ed表示正在做或进行的被动动作或行为having been+V-ed表不先于某个动作的被动动作或行为(一 不用作后置定语)V-ed表示被动的动作或 行为,其动作可以先于主句动作,与主句 动作同时进行或是主句动作
3、之后的延续结 果。必修四Green高考总复习人教版四、不定式、V-ing形式和V-ed作不同句子成分的用 法区别L不定式、V-ing和V-ed作状语的区别(1)不定式结构常用作目的状语,表示结果常见于下列 搭 酉己:so as to;such as to;enough to;tooto;never to-only to(通常是一个未曾料到的不 愉快的结果)。必修四这样考过(2009 全国 I)The children all turned thefamous actress as she entered the classroom.A.looked atB.to look atC-to loo
4、king atD.look at解析:句意:当这位著名的女演员走进入教室时,所 有的孩子都转过头去看她。此处用to look at表目的。答案:B必修四高考总复习人教版(2009 福建三地五校)She returned home from the office,only the door open and something missing.A.has found B.to be foundC.to find D.found解析:由句意:她从办公室回到家,结果发现门开着,也丢了东西。知0111y to告nd作结果状语,表出乎意料的结 果。答案:c必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(2009
5、湖南十校联考)If the food tastes nice,wefllbuy some;ifA.no;noB.not;notC.not;noD.no;not解析:第一空用not;if not表“如果不”,在此相当 于if it doesnt taste nice;而第二空也用not,相当于we wont buyo答案:B必修四(2009 W匕京朝阳区)Peter,s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally,never again.A.to findB.to be foundC findingD.being found解析:彼得的手机偶然落在一
6、辆出租车上了,再也没 找到。此处用不定式做结果状语,手机做句子主语,因此 与find是被动关系,故选B项。答案:B必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(2)现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、让 步和结果;过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件和让步。现在分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系,过去分词与其逻辑 主语之间为被动关系。必修四这样考过(2009 上海)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,all four people on board.A.killedC.killskilling to kill
7、解析:句意:一架小型飞机在城东五英里外的山坡上 坠毁,机上四人全部丧生。用kill的现在分词形式killing=which killed作结果状语。答案:B必修四高考总复习人教版(2009 福建)In April2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A.marking B.markedC having marked D.being marked解析:句意:2009年4月,胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队,这也是中国人民解放军海军成
8、立60年的标志。答案:A必修四(2008 浙江)that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest.A.Not realized B.Not to realizeC.Not realizing D.Not to have realized解析:题意为“没有意识到自己正处于很大的危险之 中,艾瑞克走进了森林更深处”。realize和句子主语之间 构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。不定式 作状语表示目的或者结果,与题意不符,故可排除B、D 两项。答案:C必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(2009四川)many
9、times,he finallyunderstood it.A.Told B.TellingC.Having told D.Having been told解析:句意:他被告知了好多次,最后他终于懂了。这道题考查非谓语动词。句子主语是he,句子前是一个非 谓语动词结构,he与动词tell存在被动关系,而且动作存 在先后顺序。答案:D必修四Green高考总复习人教版2.不定式和V-ing作宾语的区别(1)疑问代词/副词+动词不定式。这种结构常用于下列动词后:know,make up onefs mind,decide,find out,learn,understand,wonder,forget
10、,see,settle等。也可以用于介词后。必修四Green高考总复习人教版这样考过(2007 海 淀)Have you thought about give her as a present?A.whatB.whoC.which D.where解析:考查疑问词加不定式的用法。此处根据句意应 用 what。答案:A必修四(2007 东城)1 used to work in a nursery before so I know to expect in this new job.A.whatB.howC.whyD whatever解析:what什么;how如何;why为.的原因;whatever
11、无论什么,任何东西。What to expent in this new job作know的宾语,what作expect的宾语。答案:A必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(2)不定式结构一般不作介词宾语。介词接v.-ing作宾 语。特例:but,except表示“除外”时,其前如有行为动 词do的各种形式,不定式的符号to须省略,其他情况下要 用带to的不定式。必修四这样考过(2009 江西重点联考)the tonics(补品)are probably not harmful your wallet,Heller thinks that people who try them may not
12、 realize how highly caffeinated they are.A.While;except for B.As;except forC.While;except to D.As;except to必修四Green高考总复习人教版解析:语境为:虽然补品也许无害一除了对钱包之 外一但是Heller认为尝试补品的人可能没有意识到它们的 咖啡因含量有多高。此处while表示“尽管,虽然”,用 来引导让步状语从句;句中的to表示对象。答案:c必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版只能跟to do作宾语的动词:agree,pretend,afford,appear,attempt,choo
13、se,dare,decide,be determined,fail,happen,hope,learn,manage,offer,refuse 等。必修四这样考过(2009 北京石景山区)1 hope with her about that during the time we at college.A.to talk;studiedB.to have talked;are studyingC to talk;were studyingD.to have talked;were studying解析:句意为“我希望上大学的时候就已经跟她谈谈 那件事。”答案:D必修四高考总复习人教版(2008
14、河北唐山摸底)Will the Johnsons leave forAustralia this spring?No,they finally decided.A not to leave B.not leavingC.not to D.not to be leaving解析:当不定式的内容和前面的重复时,不定式可以 省略,但不定式的符号to不省略,其否定形式为not tOo 这里是decided not to leave的省 略。答案:C必修四高考总复习人教版注意:既可以跟to do又可以跟sb.to do的动词有beg,expect,promise,want,wish,would like
15、/love;可以在艮 to do但不可以跟sb.to do的动词有hope,decide,refuse,manage,pretend,offer,plan,agree等。必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(4)只能跟V-ing作宾语的动词有:imagine,escape,cant help,enjoy,miss,allow,advise,consider,delay,excuse,feel like,finish,forbid,give up,keep,mind,permit,practise,put off,suggest等。必修四这样考过(2008 上海高校春季)As a new dri
16、ver,I have to practise the car in my small garage again andagain.parking parkedB.to parkD.park解析:practise o实践,练习”,其后必须接动名 词,不能用不定式作宾语。句意为:作为新司机,我不得 不在我的小车库里一遍又一遍地练习停车。答案:A必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(2006 北京)1 canft standwith Jane in thesame office.She just refuses talking while sheworks.A.working;stopping B.
17、to work;stoppingC.working;to stop D.to work;to stop解析:sland+doin虱接现在分词)意思是“容忍某事”refuse I。小)(接不定式)意思是“拒绝做某事”答案:c必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版注意:上述大多数动词可在V-iug前加上逻辑主语,逻辑主语通常用名词或代词的所有格表示,也可用它们的 宾格表不:Do you mind their/them making noises here?你介意他们在此吵闹吗?必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(5)有些动词既可以跟不定式作宾语,也可以跟动名词 作宾语。区别如下:love,like
18、,hate,prefer跟V-ing表示习惯性动作 或行为;跟to do表示某次具体的行为。forget,remember,regret跟V-iug表示事情已做过;跟to do表示事情还没做。必修四Green高考总复习人教版这样考过(2009 海淀)He loves breathing fresh air in the suburbs and in the morning sunshine.A.Sit B.sittingC.sits D.is sitting答案:B必修四高考总复习人教版try跟doing表示“试着做”;跟to do表示“尽力做”,相当于 seek to do/attempt
19、to do/make an effort to do。必修四Gr.CjCOM色M Y高考总复习人教版这样考过(2007 南京)Id like to learn more about the Doha Asian Games.Better try the CCTV website,and you arelikely the information in no time.A.to visit;to get B.to visit;gettingC.visiting;to get D.visiting;getting必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版解析:try doing sth意为“试着做某事;
20、be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”,be likely后不可接动词ingo答案:c必修四Green高考总复习人教版mean跟V-ing表示“意思是,意味着;跟to do表 示“打算做”。必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版这样考过(2006 湖南)If you think that treating a woman well means always her permission for things,think again.A.gets B.gotC.to get D.getting解析:mean doing意思是,意味着,mean to do打算 要句意:如果你认为善
21、待妇女(女性)就意味着事事都 要得到她的批准,那就再想想吧。答案:D必修四Green高考总复习人教版consider跟V-ing表示“打算做某事;跟sb/sth.to do表示“认为”。begin/starRV-ing/to do意义上无区别,但如下 三种情况常使用不定式:必修四Green高考总复习人教版a.该二词用于进行时:Itfs beginning/starting to rain.开始下雨了。b.物作主语:The ice began/started to melt冰开始融 化。c.其后的非谓语动词表示心理活动:I began/started to realize my mistake.
22、我开始意识到自己的错误。(6)need/want/require+V-ing(to be V-ed)用 主动形 式表达被动的含义,表示“需要被”;be worth+V-ing也用主动形式表达被动的含义,表示“值得”必修四这样考过(2009 浙江五校联考)As a result of the earthquake,two-thirds of the buildings in the areaA.need repairing B.needs repairingC needs to be repaired D.need to repair必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版解析:主语为buildin
23、gs,所以谓语动词应该用非第三 人称单数,可以排除B、C两项。根据句意,建筑物需要 被修理,应该用need doing或者是need to be done所以选择A项。难度适中。答案:A必修四高考总复习人教版(2009 广东扬子江中学)Your composition is good but your handwriting still requiresA.improving B.improvedC being improved D.to improve答案:A必修四高考总复习人教版(7)on,think of,how/what about,for,against,in spite of,as
24、 a result of,because of,feel like等介词宾语只 能用V-ing。必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版这样考过 C工苏高考)The man insisted a taxi for meeven though I told him I lived nearby.A.findB.to findC.on finding D.in finding解析:insist当“坚持(认为该怎样做)”解时,后接虚 拟语气的从句或接on doingo答案:C必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版注意:下列动词短语中to为介词,后面应用V-ing形 式作宾语。必修四高考总复习人教版pay
25、attention to注意;see to注意,负责;lead to导致;refer to谈到,涉及;turn to求助于;stick to坚持;object to反对;be/get used to习惯于做某事;devoteto为 奉 献时间、精力等;get down to开始认真做某事;be accustomed to 习惯于.。必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版这样考过(2007 郑州)Many teachers strongly objectat school.A.smokeB.smokingC smokedD having smoked解析:object to(反对)中的to是介词,
26、后面接动名词形 式。答案:B必修四高考总复习人教版鸿(2008 江苏)一They are quiet,arent they?Yes.They are accustomed at meals.A.to talkB.to not talkC.to talking D.to not talking解析:be accustomed to后跟动名词作宾语,动名词 的否定形式应该在动名词前面加not。答案:D必修四24;(2008 大连八中)1 was close today.A car passed me atI thoughtdangerous speed.A.be killed;thatB.bein
27、g killed;whatC.being killed;whichD.killing;whatGrotherwas a必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版解析:close to中的to是介词,后接动名词的被动式作宾语。后一空填what,what引导的名词性从句作at的宾语。答案:B必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版3.不定式、V-ed和V-ing作宾语补足语的区别(l)hear,listen to,see,watch,notice,observe,look at,make,let,have后的宾语补足语如用不定式,to 常省略;但上述动词为被动语态时,to不可省略。必修四Green高考总复习
28、人教版这样考过方(2009 泉州质检)1 really like this song as it is often heard everywhere in China.A.singing B.sungC having sung D.to sing解析:it代指上文this song,sing与song之间是动宾关 系,故用过去分词sung作主语补足语。答案:B必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(2008 全国 H)The director had her assistantsome hot dogs for the meeting.A.picked upB.picks upC.pick up
29、 D.picking up解析:句意为“导演要他的助手为这次会议准备一些 热狗”。have sb.do sth.为固定结构,其中do sth.为省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语。和have类似用法的使役动词有make,let。答案:C必修四*(2009 杭州质检)Blamed for breaking my promise,I felt my face hot,and hung my head in shame.A.to growB.to be growingC grownD grow解析:本题考查“feel+宾语+宾补”结构,由于feel 是感观动词,故用动词原形作宾补。答案:D必修四高考总复
30、习人教版(2)tell,want,allow,warn,advise,ask,beg,encourage,cause,expect,forbid,force,get,hate,help,invite,would like/love,order,permit,persuade,remind,teach,wish,prefer后的宾语补足语用to do。(注意:help后的宾补to do中的to可省)必修四Green高考总复习人教版这样考过峦(2009 湖南浏阳一中)The old grandfather,much tothe surprise of the doctors,wont want h
31、is granddaughter this week.A.to operate on B.operatesC.to be operated on D.operating答案:C必修四29(2008 上海春)Due to the heavy rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced their homes.A.leavingB.to leaveC.to be leftD.being left解析:句意:由于大雨和洪水,已经有一千万人被迫 离开他们的家园 了 o force sb.to do/sb.be forced to do“迫
32、 使某人做”。故选B项。答案:B必修四高考总复习人教版(3)think,believe,consider,find,imagine,feel,suppose后常跟to be或to have+V-ed作宾语补足语。必修四这样考过(上海高考)The flu is believed by viruses thatlike to be reproduced in the cells inside the human nose and throatA.causingB.being causedC.to be causedD.to have caused必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版解析:根据fhi
33、和介词by可知应该用被动语态,所以排除A和D项;再根据is believed,可知C为最佳选项。因为,sth.is believed/cons idered/thought to be/as sth是英 语中的一种常见句式。答案:c必修四高考总复习人教版(4)feel,find,see,catch,hear,watch,notice,have,get,keep,leave后常跟V-ing作宾语补足语。必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版这样考过川(2008 上海春)If we have illegal immigrants in,many local workers will lose the
34、ir jobs.A.cameB comingC to comeD having come必修四高考总复习人教版解析:句意:如果我们让非法移民不断涌入,许多当 地的工人就会失业。have+sb./sth.+doing让 一直 干.;have sb.do”让某人做.”;have+sth.+done”让某事被做/遭遇某事,如:He had his leg broken yes ter day.他昨天摔断腿了。答案:B必修四高考总复习人教版(2008 5可南关B 州四中)As soon as I entered Evans company I saw a boardto Evans”.A.reads;
35、Welcomed B.written;to WelcomeC.reading;Welcome D.printed;Welcome解析:“牌子上写着用动词read,表示“标明”;“欢迎你”用You are welcome,welcome用作形容词而不 是动词,这里主语和be动词都省略了。答案:c必修四Green高考总复习人教版(5)find,hear,see,have,get,make后常跟V-ed作 宾语补足语。必修四这样考过(2007 福建)Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written Englis
36、h in a shortperiod.A.ImprovedB improvingC to improveD improve解析:所填词作have的宾语补足语,与宾语her written English是被动关系,用过去分词)选A。答案:A必修四高考总复习人教版(2007 西城)-Where is Tom?I last saw himin the library reading.A.sitB.seatedC.seating D.sat解析:此处谓语动词是saw(see),是感官动词,后可 跟宾语补足语,seat用作动词,作宾补时,通常用其过去 分词形式,因此本题选B o答案:B必修四Gr.cj
37、cn高考总复习人教版岔;(2008江苏)To learn English well,we should findopportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A.speak B.speakingC.spoken D.to speak解析:句中的非谓语动词作hear后的宾语补足语。根 据English和speak为动宾关系)因此用过去分词作宾语补 足语,表示被动。答案:C必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版区(2009 广东汕头)The traffic problems we are lookingforward to seeingshould h
38、ave attracted thegovernments attention.A.solvingB.solveC.to solveD.solved答案:D必修四Gr.cjcn(2009 重庆)Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parentsA.worried B.to worryC worrying D.worry必修四高考总复习人教版解析:备选答案是动词worry的某种形式。worry多为 及物动词,意为“使担心/着急”。全句的意思应该 是:因小孩违法而惩罚父母的法
39、律使父母感到担心。此外,空中应填宾语补足语,表示宾语的动作、状态、身份等。这样的法律使父母感到担心,也就是说父母被这样的法律 弄得担心。所以宾语与补足语之间有被动的主谓关系,而 过去分词正好表被动意义。答案:A必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版4.不定式、V-ing和V-ed作定语的区别(1)不定式作定语,它所修饰的名词往往是其逻辑宾语,而且表示的动作尚未发生。必修四这样考过(2009 安徽)The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A.produced B.being producedC.to be produ
40、ced D.having been produced解析:句意:下个月即将上演的戏剧主要是为了表现 地方文化。to be produced作后置定语,修饰名词play,表 示“将上演的“。produced表示“上演过的,being produced表示“正在上演的”。答案:C必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版渺(2009 重庆)With the world changing fast,we havesomething newwith all by ourselves every day.A.dealB.dealtC.to deal D.dealing解析:句意:随着世界的快速变化,我们每天都
41、有新 的问题要独自处理。本题考查的是不定式作定语,have something to do,动词do逻辑上的主语是we,也就是句子 的主语。答案:C必修四Green高考总复习人教版注意:不定式与其所修饰的词之间具有动宾关系时,不定式必须是及物动词,而且后面不可再有宾语;如果不 定式为不及物动词,后面要加适当的介词,同被修饰的词 构成介宾关系:She found a house to live in.她找了幢房子 住进去。必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(2)V-ing所修饰的名词是该动作的执行者(即与被修饰 的名词之间的关系是逻辑上的主动的主谓关系),它表示 的动作与主句动作同时进行或说话
42、时正在进行。必修四Green高考总复习人教版这样考过(2009 湖南师大附中)Barack Obama told millions him that his grandmothers influence on he is and the way he views the world was signiHcantA.support;how B.supporting;whoC.supported;where D.to support;what解析:奥巴马对数百万注视着他的人说,他的外祖母 对他的性格和世界观形成影响很大。supporting him作millions的后置定语。答案:B必修四高考总
43、复习人教版(2009 浙江嘉兴)The plans by many managers now will be carried out next month.A.being discussedB discussedC.to be discussedD having been discussed答案:A必修四高考总复习人教版;|2,;(2009 湖南师大附中)There is still a long way to go to work out all the problems conservation of natural resources.A.concerningB concernedC t
44、o concernD concern解析:由句意:要解决保护自然资源的问题,我们仍 有很长的路要走。知空中应填一个作后置定语的短语,concerning 与.有关“,作,”.。答案:A必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(3)V-ed作定语,其修饰的名词是该动作的承受者(即 与被修饰的名词之间的关系是逻辑上的被动的主谓关系)。它所表示的动作含被动的意义,但并不表示完成的概念;或既表示被动的意义又表示完成的概念。必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版这样考过13(2009 北京)For breakfast he only drinks juice fromfresh fruiton his own
45、 farm.A.grown B.being grownC.to be grown D.to grow解析:句意:早饭他只喝自己农场种的新鲜水果榨出 来的果汁。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。fruit与grow 为被动关系,故排除D选项;being grown正被种植;to be grown将要被种植,均不合题意,所以选A。答案:A必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版O(2009-上海)With the governments aid,those by the earthquake settlements.have moved to the newA.affectC.affectedB.affe
46、ctingD.were affected解析:句意:在政府的援助下,那些受到地震影响的 人们已经搬到新的定居点。用affect的过去分词形式作主 语those的后置定语,表示受到地震影响的人们”。答案:C必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版5.Ving和不定式作主语的区别(l)“illg泛指某种行为、活动或某种职业;动词不定 式指特定的某一次行为或活动。必修四Green高考总复习人教版这样考过(2008 江苏常州统考)一What made you so delighted atChristmas?A.I received many more presents than othersB.Beca
47、use my parents promised me a new carC.My uncles coming back from abroadD.As there was an unusual celebration必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版解析:句意:“在圣诞节什么事让你这么高 兴?”“我叔叔从国外回来。”第一句中what作主语,用 来回答它的只能是名词、代词、不定式、动名词或名词性 从句。答案:c必修四Gr.cjcn(2009 北京海淀区)these suggestions willhelp you become more cooperative and achieve more
48、.A.Followed B.FollowingC.To follow D.Being followed必修四Green高考总复习人教版解析:由句中缺空处知缺少主语,且与句中的“you”构成逻辑主谓关系,故可排除A、D项。B项动名词following表示经常的、习惯的动作或情况,而C项中的to follow则表示某一次特定的、具体的动作,相比较B项要比C项好,故选B。答案:B必修四Gr.CjCOM色M Y高考总复习人教版窘(2008 重庆一中)in the countryside made Mr.Wilson very hardworking when he was still young.A
49、Bringing up B.Being brought upC.Having brought up D.Brought up解析:动名词的被动式作主语。答案:B必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版(2)通常使用形式主语it。常见句型结构为:1It is/was+adj.+of/for sb.to do sth.注意:介词用of还是用for要根据前面的形容词而定。若该形容词表示人的性格特征用。f,表示事物的特征就必 须用for。必修四Green高考总复习人教版这样考过(2009南通调研)“Once people think you are a liar,no matter what youll
50、say.fatherwarned his son.A.for you to make yourself believe B for you to make yourself believed C of you to make yourself believing D of you to make yourself believe必修四Gr.cjcn高考总复习人教版解析:本题考查句型It is hard for sb.to do sth.和词组make oneself done。父亲警告儿子说:“一旦人们认为你是个骗子,那么无论你说什么,都很难让人相信你。”答案:B必修四还可能这样考 It is