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1、专题17 阅读填空（七选五）（解析版）考点预测【2020年高考命题预测】预 测-“七选五”型阅读理解题,试题模式为：给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处。考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”预 测 二 文章的篇幅较短，词数多为250 300,兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等,要求考生充分利用所给信息，具备高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。预 测 三 考查对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关
2、系。考点罡1【学科网考点定位】近三年考点分布近三年新课标全国卷高考七选五分析:年份卷别体裁词数题材话题2019全国卷I说明文265人与自然新鲜空气中的氧气,阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。全国卷II说明文267工作方法对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。全国卷III说明文214个人学习在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。2018全国卷I说明文259家庭生活室内设计中颜色的选择问题全国卷n说明文223个人生活列举了早晨锻炼对人身体的四条好处全国卷III说明文195社会生活介绍了跳舞的好处2017全国卷1记叙文225人与自然作者对野营活动由抵触到喜欢
3、的转变过程全国卷n说明文196工作如何避免工作时被打断全国卷in说明文244个人生活如何做计划建立好生物钟,保持早睡早起的好习惯2016全国卷I说明文195文化科技密码的设置方法和破解的方法全国卷II说明文262家庭生活自己建设花园的具体建议全国卷HI说明文201家庭生活买鱼和烧鱼的常识(2020考纲解读】新课标全国卷中的阅读填空要求考生”明确、深刻地理解一篇文章，对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全篇的文脉，叩句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响
4、到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题 有5个空白处,却提供7个选项，因此有2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考察，是语言表达的基本单位,属于语言的组织规律，那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，属于言语的组织规律，简单地说，前者侧重语言的结构-语法，而后者侧重语言的使用-章法.【解题指导】根据出题形式的不同，填空类题型可以分为句子填空题，段落摘要，带选项的段落摘
5、要等题型。.传统的分题型讲解的方法倾向于把这些题型拆开，这些题型的出题思路大同小异，一旦掌握了这些题目的共性,做题就会变得易如反掌。1.考查内容均为细节每一道填空题的题目基本上都是对原文的一句话或者几句话进行的同义改写，不会出现对多句话或者是整段进行的概括归纳.2.所填答案基本唯一虽然这种考试需要考生自己书写答案，但是所有答案均来自于原文，不需要考生用自己的语言对原词进行改写.极个别情况下会出现词序颠倒，但是基本上不需要考生进行词性.时态.单复数等曲折形式的转换.这是由阅读的目的所决定的，只考查考生的阅读能力，而无意检验考生的写作能力.3.凸显构成语段的方式一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间
6、的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接，我们在分析语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非打遍?只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章.通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律,主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。根据作者归纳的解题方法和窍门,为帮助同学们记忆和使用，特将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除“五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析,希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。步 骤:通读全文,
7、对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为开门见山与结尾总结的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为.结尾总结式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句,但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。步
8、骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开,对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中,填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系,是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。
9、使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。一篇文章作为一个整体,是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中,要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后,发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整,语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切,从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别
10、干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰,从而得出正确选项。步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项,确定排除理由，最终确定答案。在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项,进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。三年高考【三年高考】17、18、19高考试题及其解析2019年高考试题1.12019 全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to“go out and get
11、 some fresh air.36 According to recentstudies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good.37 If the air youre breathing is clean-which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities-thenthe air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,y
12、our body will learn to breathe moredeeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）.38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just
13、lookingat green,growing things can reduce stressjower blood pressure,and put people into a beller mood（情绪）.Greenery isgood for us.Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate thanpatients who see buildings or sky i n s t e a d.39 It gives us a great
14、 feeling of peace.40 While the sun*s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give is beneficial Vitamin D.To make sureyou get enough Vitamin D-but still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takessunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and thats plenty of time for
15、 your skin to absorb a days worth ofVitamin D.A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.B So what are you waiting for?C.Being in nature refreshes us.D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E.But is fresh air really as good fbr you as your mother always said?F.Just as importantly,we tend to associ
16、ate air with health care.G.All across the countiy,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.答案】36.E 37.A 38.G 39.C 40.D【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处。新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”,治疗病人。36.E 根据下一句中“the answer is a big YES”可知,该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。空前的 people te
17、ll us to“go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said 呼应。37.A 该空格为主题句。根据空格后下一句 If the air youre breathing is clean-which it would be if you5re awayfrom the smog o f.”以及本段内容可知,本部分主要讲述新鲜空气可以清洗我们的肺部,A 项符合题意。38.G 根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知,该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G 选项提至 康爱花园”这一类地点名词,these p
18、laces就是指Healing Gardenso39.C 前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用空后提到“它给我们一种平和感。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处,空后的it也要指代这种情况。C 选项指出身处大自然可以使人精神焕发符合题意。40.D 由下文中提到的“the suns rays.give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。D 选项指出获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光符合题意。2.12019 全国H】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项
19、为多余选项。Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:tShould I jump?This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin.36 Like the child on the diving board,you will stay undecided.37 More than that,h
20、ow should you stay motivated to achieve the goal?First,you need to evaluateyourself,your values your strengths,your weaknesses,your achievements,your desires,etc.Only then should youryoure your goalsYou also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important,because it is
21、 directlyrelated to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work.38 So,slow down andthink what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity（清晰）of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives,keeping
22、 in mind yourbeliefs,values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible.39 They also need to be measurable.Youmust keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example,you may want to be a Pilot but cant becomeone because your eyesight i
23、s not good enough.40 You should reassess your goals,and motivate yourself toset a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties,some planned,but most unplanned.You cannot overcomethem without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your
24、goals.A.This can affect your work.B.So how should you motivate yourself?C.However,this should not discourage you.D.So why should we try to set specific goals?E.They can change according to circumstances.F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G.Without motivation you can neither set a go
25、al nor reach it 答案】36.G 37.B 38.A 39.E 40.C【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。36.G 考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”下文说“就像孩子在跳水台,难以决定该空承上启下,G 选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标,也无法实现它”切题，故选Go37.B 考查上下文的语境理解。下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文,B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。38.A 考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度,想
26、一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下,A 选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。39.E 考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文,E 选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变“切题，故选E。40.C 考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标该空承上启下,C 选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选C。3.12019.全国III根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。In an online class,developin
27、g healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.36While I have only listed two of each,there are obviously many other situations that can arise.Students should beable to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.Dos 37 Questions about subject content are gene
28、rally welcomed.Before asking questions about the coursedesign,read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hidingin plain sight.Participate in discussion thrums（论坛），blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.38 Be sureto stay on topic and not offer
29、 irrelevant information.Make a point,and make it safe for others to do the same.Don*ts Don*t share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses,financial aid experts or yourbest friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension,simply explain the situation to the professor.39 D
30、ont openly express annoyance at a professor or class.4（）When a student attacks a professor on thesocial media,the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professorsprofessionalism or ability,be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your
31、comments.A.That*s what they are for.B.Turn to an online instructor for help.C.If more information is needed,they will ask.D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E.Below are some common do*s and don1 ts for online learners.F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or anothe
32、r.G.Ask questions,but make sure they are good,thoughtful questions.【答案】36.E 37.G 38.A 39.C 40.F【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作为学生该如何与网络课程的教授进行相处呢？文中就此提出了该做和不该做的建议。36.E 在后句中作者提到“只是列举了其中两个，还有很多会出现的类似情况 ，而文章内容则主要是介绍了对于网上学习者一些常见的要做的和不能做的事情，由此推断空格处内容和此有关，是引出文章主题的句子。故判断E 选项符合语境。37.G 本段主要介绍了如何提问，提问什么样的问题。而空格处于段落小标题的位
33、置，由此推断内容应该能概括本段中心，而且内容和question有关。故判断选G。38.A 文章开头提出要和培养和教授健康良好的沟通交流模式，所以参与论坛讨论，博客等进行对话就是这些活动的目的所在。由此推断A 选项可以承接上文，是对前句的进一步解释。39.C 该部分谈到了和教授沟通时不应该做的事情。本段谈到不要去和教授们分享你的个人信息和故事，最后进行总结，如 果（他们）需要更多的信息，他们就会问的,C 项符合题意。40.F 该部分谈到不要在教授的课上公开表达你的不满。紧接着文中文中空格处可以提出，每个人都会有那么 两次不怎么愉快的上课经历，再结合下文可知告诫学生不要和老师们产生冲突。故 F 项
34、符合题意。4.【2019浙江】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Rock music consists of many different styles.Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups,they make very different music.31 At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.After they were given an invitation to
35、 appear live on BBC,the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain withnationwide lours.By mid-1963,the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.32 They held largeconcerts and performed at clubs.They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.They began asa modestly successful mus
36、ician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说).John Lennon and PaulMcCartney were named composers of the year.33 They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.Beatlemania hit NewYork on February 7,1964.Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.34 The
37、concert wasbroadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.The Beatleswere described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.Their victory inAmerica was still remembered as a major turning point in the history
38、of rock and roll.Thanks to the Beatles,a lotof opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.35A.They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.B.Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.C.Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.D.However,their songs change
39、d the lives of generations to come.E.Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.F.They appeared in the films A Hard Days Night(1964)and Help!(1965).G.They performed their first concert in America at CBS televisions 53rd street studio.【答案】31.C 32.B 33.A 34.G 35.E【解析】【文章大意】本文是
40、一篇记叙文，主要讲述了摇滚乐的发展历史和披头士的成功之路。31.C 句中衔接句。根据下文At that time可知，此处讲述摇滚乐在五、六十年代的发展,由此选C 项。32.B 句中衔接句。根据上文popular in England可知,披头上在英国很受欢迎，而 B 选项中Even iheir hairstylesbecame major trends可知,甚至连他们的发型也成了流行趋势之一，与上文构成前后递进关系，故选B 项33.A 段落总起句。根据该段下文内容可知，他们在美国也大受欢迎,由此知A 项“他们决定去美国巡演”能很好地启迪下文，故选A 项。34.G 细节拓展句。根据下文The
41、concert was broadcast live可知，他们的演唱会现场直播了，故选G 项能很好地拓展语境。35.E 段落结尾句。根据上文.a lot of opportunity were opened up.知，由于披头士的引领，给后来的乐队以更好地激励和推动，这与E 项语意一致，故选E 项。5.【2019北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Much of the work in todays world is accomplished（完成）in teams.Most people believe the best way to
42、builda great team is to gather a group of the most talented in d iv id u a ls.46 Companies spend millions hiringtop business people.Is their money well spent?47 They focused on football,basketbal 1 and baseball.The results are mixed For football andbasketball,adding talented players to a team proves
43、 a good method,but only up to the point where 70%of theplayers are top talent；above that level,the teams performance begins to decline.Interestingly,this trend isntevident in baseball,where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon,the researchers
44、explored the degree to which a good performance by a teamrequires its members to coordinate（协调）their a c t i o n s.48 In baseball,the performance of individualplayers is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when task interdependence is high,team performancewill suffer when there is too muc
45、h talent,while individual talent will have positive effects on team performancewhen task interdependence is lower.If a basketball star is.for example,trying to gain a high personal point total,hemay take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate,affecting the teams perfor
46、mance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told,There is no I in TEAM.49Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may make less effort.Just as ina game of tug-of-war（拔 可比赛）,whenever a person is added,everyone else pulls the rope with less force
47、.50.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players,but a few generous B players as well.A.Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talentC.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers*attention.D.Stars ap
48、parently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.【答案】46.B
49、 47.E 48.G 49.D 50.F【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“如何构建团队46.B根据前文可知，大多数人认为建立一个伟大团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有才华的人。B 选项的“球队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才”和下文的“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士”形成并列的关系。故选B。47.E根据下一句中的主语“They”可知，前一句主语应该是名词复数形式，故选E。48.G 根据下文中的“In baseball”这一句可知，前面的内容应该是和棒球有关，故选G。49.D 根据上文的内容可知，学习团队运动的小孩子经常被告知“团队中没有我”，但是“明星们显然不遵循这一体育道德的基本原则例如
50、If a basketball star is,for example,trying to gain a high personal point total,he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate,affecting the teamsperfdrmance.”故选 Do50.F根据下文的内容“一支一流球队可能或许需要平衡不仅需要A 级球员，而且需要慷慨的B 级球员”可知，前一句是在说“建立一支梦之队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多故选F。2018年高考试题【2018