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1、五市十校教研教改共同体2022届高三第二次大联考英语本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项:1 .答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动, 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上 无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的
2、时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一谪。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What still needs to be cleaned?A. The kitchen floor.B. The dishes.C. The truck.【答案】C【解析】【原文】 W： Today is the cleaning day, remember? Im going to clean the truck, sweep the kitchen floor and wash the dishes.M： I already did the dishes and the floors. I w
3、oke up early so I could relax the rest of the day.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Brother and sister.C. Friends.【答案】A【解析】【原文】 W: Youll need a new suit for the wedding. Your parents and your sister always dress well.M: Dont try to compete with
4、 my sister. She wastes money on clothes.W: Women need nice clothes. You wouldnt have married me if I hadnt looked nice.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】To advise readers to look for clovers.A. To encourage readers to share with others.B. To show readers the influence of good luck.C. To tell readers the ways of
5、keeping clovers.【答案】24.A25. A 26. B 27. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了寻找四叶的三叶草给作者带来的启示。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “I spent my childhood collecting and pressing four-leaf clovers （三叶草）into books at my mothers house”（我的童年是在母亲家收集四叶的三叶草并把它们压在书里度过的）可知，作者小时候 的爱好是保存四叶的三叶草。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The ground was thick w
6、ith clovers. Some shoots had four, five, or even six leaves. I lined them up on the picnic table to admire.（地面长满了三叶草，一些嫩枝上有四瓣、五瓣甚至六瓣三叶草， 我把三叶草铺在桌子上以供欣赏）可知，作者野餐时摘了一些特别的三叶草。故选A项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“On the way home, my husband and I were upgraded to business class. All of my friends owed it to the clo
7、ver. I think its some likely that we were upgraded because a flight was postponed ”（在回 家的路上，我和丈夫被提升到商务舱。我所有的朋友都把它归功于三叶草。我想我们可能是因为航班延误 而升级到商务舱）可知，作者升到商务舱并不是因为三叶草，而是因为航班被延误了。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “I believe that positivity is compounded by sharing. I feel lucky to find the clovers so often, but I
8、 dont think they influence my life any more than it does to share anything a little special with a friend or a stranger. （我认为分享的话，积极会增多。我感觉很幸运能经常发现四叶三叶草，但是，我觉 得它们不会影响我的生活，就像是当我和朋友或陌生人进行一次特别的分享时一样，）可知，作者写短文的 目的是鼓励读者与他人分享。故选B项。CPast surveys have shown that more than 80% of dog owners report observing
9、jealous behavior from their dogsvocalizations, disturbed behavior, pulling on a leash （绳子）一when they give attention to other dogs. New research published in the journal Psychological Science supports these observations and finds that dogs also exhibit jealous behavior when they merely imagine that t
10、heir owner is interacting with a potential opponent, in this case, ahighly realistic artificial dog.Dogs appear to be one of the few species that might display jealous behavior in ways similar to a human child showing jealousy when their mother gives affection to another child. In humans, jealousy i
11、s closely linked with self-awareness, which is one reason animal-cognition researchers are so interested in studying jealousy and other secondary emotions in animals.To test how and when dogs display jealous behavior, the researchers presented 18 dogs with situations where they could imagine a socia
12、l interaction between their human companion and either a realistic fake dog or a wool cylinder （圆柱）.The fake dog served as a potential opponent for attention while the cylinder served as a control. In the experiment, the dogs observed the fake-dog opponent positioned next to their owner. A barrier w
13、as then placed between the dog and the potential opponent stopping them from view. Despite blocking the line of sight, the dogs forcefully attempted to reach their owners when they appeared to stroke the fake dog behind the barrier. In a repeat experiment using a fleece cylinder rather than a fake d
14、og, the dogs pulled on the leash with far less force.Through their study, the researchers found that dogs showed three human-like features of jealous behavior. This behavior emerged only when their owner interacted with a noticed social opponent and not a lifeless object; occurred as a consequence o
15、f that interaction and not due to a potential opponents mere presence; and emerged even for an out-of-sight interaction between their owner and a social opponent.“These results support claims that dogs display jealous behavior. They also provide the first evidence that dogs can mentally represent je
16、alousy-causing social interactions/7 said the researchers. But there is still plenty of work to do to establish the extent of the similarities between the minds of humans and other animals, especially in terms of understanding the nature of nonhuman animals emotional experiences. It is too early to
17、say whether dogs experience jealousy as we do, but it is now clear that they react to jealousy-causing situations, even if these occur out of sight.” 28. Why does the author mention the new research in Psychological Science?A. To make comparison.B. To make a prediction.C. To provide example.D. To in
18、troduce the topic.29. Why was a barrier used in the experiment?A. To distract dogs attention.B. To block the sight of the dog.C. To serve as a potential competitor.D. To protect the fake dog from attack.30. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Dogs can experience jealousy as humans do.B. Dog
19、s make reactions based on their imagination.C. More research is needed to study emotions of animals.D. It is the first time that dogs have represented jealous behavior mentally.31. Which of the following is the suitable title for the text?A. Are dogs jealous as humans ?B. Dogs, faithful friends of h
20、umans!C. Be careful about the jealous dogs!D. Are dogs the most clever animals?【答案】28.D29. B 30. C 31. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，狗是有嫉妒情感和行为的，但要判断狗狗们的嫉妒体验是否和 我们人类一样为时尚早。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “New research published in the journal Psychological Science supports these observations and finds that dogs also
21、 exhibit jealous behavior when they merely imagine that their owner is interacting with a potential opponent, in this case, a highly realistic artificial dog. ” （发表在 /心理本|学 杂志上 的一项新研究支持了这些观察结果，并发现，当狗仅仅想象它们的主人在与潜在对手互动时，它们也会表 现出嫉妒的行为，在这种情况下，潜在对手是一只高度逼真的人造狗。）和文章第二段“Dogs appear to be one of the few spec
22、ies that might display jealous behavior in ways similar to a human child showing jealousy when their mother gives affection to another child.（狗似乎是少数几种可能表现出嫉妒行为的物种之一，就像人类的孩 子在母亲给另一个孩子关爱时表现出的嫉妒一样。）”可知，作者在心理科学上提到了这项新研究是为 了介绍主题一一狗是有嫉妒情感和行为的。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “ A barrier was then placed between th
23、e dog and the potential opponent stopping themfromview.（然后在狗和潜在对手之间设置了屏障，阻止它们的视线。）可知，在实验中使用了障碍物 是为了阻挡狗的视线。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “But there is still plenty of work to do to establish the extent of the similarities between the minds of humans and other animals, especially in terms of understanding
24、 the nature of nonhuman animals* emotional experiences. It is too early to say whether dogs experience jealousy as we do, but it is now clear that they react to jealousy-causing situations, even if these occur out of sight.”（ 但仍有大量工作要做，以建 立人类和其他动物 思维之间的相似性，尤其是在理解非人类动物的情感体验的本质方面。现在说狗是否 也像我们一样嫉妒还为时尚早，
25、但现在很清楚的是，它们会对引起嫉妒的情况做出反应，即使这些情况发 生在看不到的地方。”）可推知，还需要更多的研究来研究动物的情绪。故选C。31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段 “Dogs appear to be one of the few species that might display jealous behavior in ways similar to a human child showing jealousy when their mother gives affection to another child. ” （狗彳以乎是少 数几种可能表现出嫉妒行为的物种之一，就像人
26、类的孩子在母亲给另一个孩子关爱时表现出的嫉妒一样。） 和文章最后一段“But there is still plenty of work to do to establish the extent of the similarities between the minds of humans and other animals, especially in terms of understanding the nature of nonhuman animals* emotional experiences. It is too early to say whether dogs experi
27、ence jealousy as we do, but it is now clear that they react to jealousy-causing situations, even if these occur out of sight.（ “但仍有大量工作要做，以建立人类和其他动 物的思维之间的相似性，尤其是在理解非人类动物的情感体验的本质方面。现在说狗是否也像我们一样嫉 妒还为时尚早，但现在很清楚的是，它们会对引起嫉妒的情况做出反应，即使这些情况发生在看不到的地 方。”）可知，新的研究表明，狗是有嫉妒情感和行为的，但要判断狗狗们的嫉妒体验是否和我们人类一样 为时尚早，A项“狗和
28、人类一样嫉妒吗”符合文意。故选A。DHarvard scientists have created a “bionic （仿生的）leafhat turns solar energy into liquid fuel. The work is the fruit of cooperation between Professor Pamela Silver at Harvard Medical School and Professor Daniel Nocera in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.The pair, who began cooperating
29、 two years ago, share an interest in developing energy sources that might someday have practical application in remote areas in the developing world. Silver named the system “bionic” because it joins a biological system to a clever piece of inorganic chemistry previously developed by Nocera: that in
30、vention, widely known as the artificial leaf, turns solar energy into hydrogen fuel.Noceras artificial leaf, which serves as fuel source in the bionic leaf, works by sandwiching a photovoltaic cells （光电池）between two metal oxide catalysts （氧化催化物）.When put in water at room temperature and normal atmos
31、pheric pressure, the artificial leaf copies photosynthesis （光合作用）.Nocera has been perfecting the artificial leaf since he first demonstrated it in 2011； today, it is far more efficient than a field-grown plant, which assimilates only 1 percent of sunlights energy.The hydrogen is a fuel with a broad
32、use, Nocera reports, and could easily become the basis of a fuel cell, but it has not been widely adopted, partly because it is a gas. By contrast, liquid fuels are much easier to handle and store.“Modem society, says Nocera, has created an entire manufacturing economy based not only on burning foss
33、il fuels, but on using petroleum to make things such as rubber and plastics.” A lot of chemistry was done which set that up J he notes. The present system makes sense now because petroleum costs so little; a sustainable system like the artificial or bionic leaf can*t compete with that. But when oil
34、becomes less and less, he say, “We might want to redo everything in terms of manufacturing. In the future, you might want to make everything renewable. Then, you can trust bionic leaf.”What can be implied from the second paragraph ?A. The pair invented the artificial leaf.B. Bionic leaf got its name
35、 from its invention developed by Nocera.C. The pair are concerned about energy sources in developing countries.D. Both bionic leaf and artificial leaf can change solar energy into liquid fuel.32. The underlined assimilate“ in paragraph 3 most nearly means.A. recordsB. absorbsC. attractsD. equalsWhy
36、does Nocera have faith in bionic leaf?A. Fossil fuels now are exhausted and cannot be employed.B. Bionic leaf guarantees a sustainable energy supply compared with oil.C. Liquid fuels created by bionic leaf are much easier to handle and store.D. Bionic leaf is far more efficient than a field-grown pl
37、ant and fossil fuels.33. What does the author mainly talk about concerning the bionic leaf?A. Its scientific efficiency.B. Its current commercial uses.C. Its development and significance.D. Its difference from the artificial leaf.【答案】32.C33. B 34. B 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两位哈佛大学的科学家创造了一种“仿生叶”技术
38、，它可以将 太阳能转化为液体燃料，随着社会的发展，石油等能源会越来越少，人们会更倾向于可再生资源。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 “The pair, who began cooperating two years ago, share an interest in developing energy sources that might someday have practical application in remote areas in the developing world. （两人两年 前开始合作，对开发未来可能在发展中国家偏远地区实际应用的能源有共同的兴趣。）可推断出，
39、两位科学 家对发展中国家的能源开发很关心。所以“The pair are concerned about energy sources in developing countries.（这两人都关心发展中国家的能源问题。）故选C项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据生物学知识，田间植物在阳光的照射下，通过叶绿素吸收光能，这就是植物的光合作用;再根据后文中sunlights energy可知，植物是吸收太阳能。所以“absorb”意为“吸收”，符合题意。故 选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “The present system makes sense now because pet
40、roleum costs so little; a sustainable system like the artificial or bionic leaf cant compete with that. But when oil becomes less and less, he say, “We might want to redo everything in terms of manufacturing. In the future, you might want to make everything renewable. Then, you can trust bionic leaf
41、.”（现在的系统是合理的，因为石油的成本非常低；像人造或仿生 叶子这样的可持续系统无法与之竞争。但是当石油越来越少的时候，他说，我们可能想要在制造业方面重 新做一切事情。在未来，你可能想让一切都可再生。那么，你可以相信仿生叶子。）可推断出，作者认为虽 然目前“仿生叶”技术还无法和其他能源比较，但是将来其他能源都匮乏时，这项技术一定有很大的用处, 因为与石油相比，仿生树叶保证了可持续的能源供应。故选B项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。文中第一、二、三段主要围绕bionic leaf的开发展开，详细说明了它的开发历程和工作原理； 第四、五段说明其优点以及在未来的重要性。所以“Its developme
42、nt and significance.”（它的发展和重要性） 符合题意。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Science can help you improve your study methods. For more than 100 years, psychologists have done research on which study habits work best. 36. Here are 4 tips to improve your study habits.
43、Space out your studyingNate Kornell, a psychologist at Williams College, thinks its a good idea to study the day before a big test.37. Instead, space out those study sessions. Kornell compares our memory to water in a bucket that has asmall leak. Try to refill the bucket while its still full, and yo
44、u can*t add much more water. Allow time between study sessions, and some of the material may drip out of your memory. But then youll be able to relearn it and learn more in your next study session.Practice, practice, practice!Musicians practice their instruments. Athletes practice sports skills. 38,
45、If you want to be able to remember information, the best thing you can do is practice, n says Katherine Rawson. Shes a psychologist at Kent State University in Ohio. In one 2013 study, students took practice tests over several weeks. On the final test, they scored more than a full letter grade bette
46、r, on average, than students who studied the way they normally had.Test yourselfNebels preferred study habit is one of the best way. Before big tests, Nebefs mom quizzed her on the material. “Now I know that was retrieval （检索）practice, she says. As Nebel got older, she quizzed herself. 39,”Nebel sug
47、gests. Put questions on one side and the answers on the other side and try to quiz yourself the way the teacher asks questions, “she adds.Dig deeperIts hard to remember a string of facts and figures if you don*t push further. Ask why things are a certain way. How did they come about? Why do they mat
48、ter? Psychologists call this elaboration. Its taking class material and asking a lot of how and why questions about it. This helps you combine new information with other things you know. And it creates a bigger network in your brain of things that relate to one another, she says. 40.A. The same shou
49、ld go for learningSome tips help for almost every subjectB. Of course, nothing can replace studying with your motherSome experts hold that studying late at night can be really usefulC. That larger network makes it easier to learn and remember thingsCreate a pack of flash cards every time you learn new informationD. But rese