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1、2023届全国中考英语总复习核心词汇五:名词辨析单项选择专项训练（解析版）一Why could you write so well?一I read a lot, and the works of Ernest Hemingway had a strong on me as a child.A. attentionB. explanation C. situationD. influence【答案】D【详解】句意：为什么你写作如此好？ 我读了很多东西，小时候欧内斯特海明威的作品对 我影响很大。考查名词。attention注意力；explanation解释，说明；situation情况；influ
2、ence影响。句子用短语“have a strong influence on sb.”表达“对某人有巨大的影响”。故选D。1. 一I find there are more and more overweight children in our school.一Exactly, so we should have good eating.A. tasksB. choicesC. gradesD. habits【答案】D【详解】句意：我发现我们学校超重的孩子越来越多。没错，所以我们应该有良好的饮食 习惯。考查名词辨析。tasks 任务；choices 选择；grades 成绩；habits 习
3、惯。根据we should have good eating” 可知是有好的饮食习惯。故选D。2. Most parents think it is a good to take a school bus because ifs quite safe.A. riskB. choiceC. gameD. pity【答案】B【详解】句意：大多数家长认为乘坐校车是一个很好的选择，因为它很安全。考查名词辨析。risk 冒险；choice 选择;game 游戏;pity 遗憾。根据Most parents think it is a good.to take a school bus because i
4、ts quite safe.”可知，乘坐校车很安全，所以是一个很好的选择，故选B。3. We youths do our best for our dreams and together a small success can give us a sense of.A. achievementB. departmentC. treatmentD. entertainmentA. populationA. populationB. contributionC. productionD. introduction【答案】C【详解】句意：袁隆平是一位著名的科学家。由于他的成就，水稻产量增加了很多。考
5、查名词辨析。population 人口 ； contribution 贡献；production 产量；introduction 介绍。根据“rice. has increased a lot”可知，此处指水稻产量增加了很多，故选C。34. The Shenzhou-12manned spacecraft （载人航天飞船）successfully landed and completed all of the on September 17th, 2021.A. preparations B. tasksC. subjectsD. programs【答案】B【详解】句意：神舟十二号载人飞船于2
6、021年9月17日成功登陆并完成所有任务。考查名词辨析。preparations准备;tasks任务；subjects主题，科目；programs程序，项目。根据“successfully landed and completed all of the”可知此处指神舟十二号裁人飞船成功登陆并完成所有的任务。故选B。35. 一The government is working hard to improve peoples living.一You are right. Our life is getting better and better.A. surveyB. instruction C.
7、 skillD. standard【答案】D【详解】句意：政府正在努力工作来提升人们的生活标准。你说得对。我们的生活变得越 来越好。考查名词辨析。survey 调查；instruction 指令；skill 技巧；standard 标准。根据“Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活变得越来越好，可知提高的是生活标准，故选D。36. I dont know how to use the robot without reading the on how to use it.A. introductions B. instruments C. inst
8、ructions D. inventions【答案】C【详解】句意：如果没有阅读如何使用机器人的说明，我不知道如何使用机器人。考查名词辨析。introductions 介绍；instruments 仪器；instructions 说明书;inventions 发明。根据I dont know how to use the robot without reading”可知，这里指的是使用机器人的说明书。故选C。37. In our daily life, much is provided for us, either through books or on the Internet.A. ide
9、aB. skillC. methodD. information【答案】D【详解】句意：在我们的日常生活中，通过书籍或互联网为我们提供了许多信息。考查连词辨析。idea想法；skill技术;method方法；information信息。根据much可知，此空应填不 可数名词。结合“either through books or on the Internet”可知，在书上或互联网上可以获取信息，故选 DoNo one is not afraid of difficulties. We say our medical workers are great because they have bee
10、n fighting with.A. medicineB. wealthC. luckD. courage【答案】D【详解】句意：没有人不怕困难。我们说我们的医务工作者很伟大，因为他们一直在用勇气作斗争。考查名词辨析。medicine医疗；wealth财富；luck运气；courage勇气。根据medical workers”可知， 医务工作者在艰难条件下，用勇气与疾病作斗争，故选D。38. 一Nice weather, why not go on a trip to Hengshui Lake? 一That is a good.A. suggestion B. sayingC. decisi
11、onD. question【答案】A【详解】句意：天气不错，为什么不去衡水湖呢？ 这是一个很好的建议。考查名词词义辨析。suggestion建议；saying谚语；decision决定；question问题。Why not意为”为 什么不呢”，是表建议的固定句型，根据“Nice weather”以及答语“That is a good.可知，答语是说这是一个好建议，故选A。39. Helen, how does my new sweater look on me?To tell you the, its a bit long for you.A. truthB. treatC. trustD.
12、trade【答案】A【详解】句意:海伦，我的新毛衣穿起来怎么样？说实话，对你来说它有点儿长。考查名词和介词短语。truth真相；treat请客；trust信任；trade贸易。to tell you the truth说实话”， 故选AoThe boy has been missing for five days and his parents were worried about his.A. attentionB. actionC. safetyD. growth【答案】C【详解】句意：这个男孩丢失5天了，他的父母担心他的安全。考查名词辨析。attention 注意；action 行动；s
13、afety 安全；growth 成长。根据“The boy has been missing for five days”可知丢失了父母应担心他的安全。故选CoThe house is near the subway entrance , so the is very convenient.A. traditionB. positionC. instruction D. transportation【答案】D【详解】句意：房子在地铁口附近，所以交通很方便。考查名词词义辨析。tradition传统；position位置；instruction使用说明；transportation交通。根据语 境
14、The house is near the subway entrance”可知是“交通”非常的便利。故选DoDuring the Spring Festival, I always help grandma make paper cuttings with.A. steelB. scissorsC. spoonsD. sense【答案】B【详解】句意：在春节期间，我总是帮助奶奶用剪刀剪纸。考查名词辨析。steel 钢铁；scissors 剪刀；spoons 勺子；sense 感觉。根据“During the Spring Festival, I always help grandma mak
15、e paper cuttings with”可知，剪纸要用剪刀。故选 BoI am having great finishing this job by myself. Could you help me?A. funB. successC. adviceD. difficulty【答案】D【详解】句意：我一个人完成这项工作很困难。你能帮我吗？考查名词辨析。fun乐趣；success成功;advice建议；difficulty困难。根据Could you help me”可推 测对方出现了困难，故选DoI dont think Alice is able to do the job well
16、because she has little.A. successB. experience C. difference D. ability【答案】B【详解】句意：我认为爱丽丝不能做好这项工作，因为她没有什么经验。考查名词辨析。success 成功;experience 经验；difference 区别；ability 能力。根据I dont think Alice is able to do the job well”及little可知，不胜任这份工作是因为经验不足，故选B。40. Teenagers in China should know about the of our tradit
17、ional Chinese culture.A. decisionB. resultC. valueD. method【答案】C【详解】句意：中国青少年应该了解中国传统文化的价值。考查名词辨析。decision 决定；result 结果；value 价值；method 方法。根据of our traditional Chinese culture”可知应指“传统文化的价值”,因此用“value”。故选CoThanks to Mr. Lius suggestions. I won Olympics English.A. introduction B. competition C. informa
18、tion D. attention【答案】B【详解】句意：多亏刘先生的建议。我赢得了奥运英语比赛。考查名词辨析。introduction 介绍；competition 比赛；information 信息；attention 关注。根据“I won Olympics English”可知，此处是指奥运英语比赛。故选B。41. Have you heard about the book Educated: A Memoir written by American writer Tara Westover?一Yes. I have read the online and most people sa
19、y its a good book.A. repliesB. reviewsC. recordsD. reasons【答案】B【详解】句意：你听说过美国作家塔拉韦斯托弗写的你当像鸟飞往你的山这本书吗？ 是的。我在网上看过评论，大多数人都说这是一本好书。考查名词辨析。replies 回复；reviews 评论；records 记录；reasons 理由。根据“most people say its a good book”大多数人都说这是一本好书，可知此处指的是人们对书的评价。故选B。42. 一What do you think is the main of the accident?一The
20、man was watching videos on Douyin while he was riding the electric bike.A. effectB. solutionC. resultD. cause【答案】D【详解】句意：你认为事故的主要原因是什么？ 该男子一边骑电动自行车一边在抖音上看 视频。考查名词辨析。effect影响；solution解决办法；result结果；cause原因。根据答语“The man was watching videos on Douyin while he was riding the electric bike.”可知，是询问事故的原因，故选
21、 D。43. Everyone wants to have the to fly. They can go almost everywhere they want.A. dreamB. experience C. abilityD. interest【答案】c【详解】句意：每个人都想有飞行的能力。他们几乎可以去他们想去的任何地方。考查名词辨析。dream梦想；experience经历，经验；ability能力；interest兴趣。根据Everyone wants to have theto fly.”结合后句语境可知，是拥有飞行的“能力”，才能去想去的地方。故选C。44. 2022 is t
22、he Year of the Tiger. In Chinese culture, the tiger is a of strength.A. signB. spiritC. symbolD. system【答案】c【详解】句意：2022年是虎年。在中国文化中，老虎是力量的象征。考查名词辨析。sign 标志；spirit 精神;symbol 象征；system 系统。根据“In Chinese culture, the tiger is a . of strength.”可知老虎是力量的象征。故选CoTheof most new drugs （药品） will be cut down by 6
23、1.7% so that more people can affordthem.A. screensB. qualityC. servicesD. prices【答案】D【详解】句意：大多数新药的价格将降低61.7%,以便更多的人买得起。考查名词辨析。screen 屏幕；quality 质量；service 服务；price 价格。根据“so that more people can afford them.”可知新药的价格下降了，故选D。45. KFC has a twenty-four hour and you can order food through their Apps.A. ad
24、vantage B. praiseC. serviceD. spirit【答案】C【详解】句意：肯德基提供24小时服务，你可以通过他们的app点餐。考查名词辨析。advantage 优势；praise 赞扬；service 服务;spirit 精神。根据KFC has a twenty-four hour.and you can order food through their Apps.”可知，肯德基提供 24 小时服务，故选 C。46. Wang Yaping, Chinas second female astronaut, gave teenagers a clear of intere
25、sting physicsin zero-gravity by doing experiments in space.A. attractionB. conclusion C. introduction D. instruction【答案】c【详解】句意：中国第二位女航天员王亚平通过在太空中做实验，给青少年们清晰地介绍了零重力 下有趣的物理知识。考查名词辨析。attraction 吸弓| ； conclusion 结论；introduction 介绍；instruction 指示。根据“interesting physics in zero-gravity by doing experimen
26、ts in space.”是为青少年做介绍， 故选 Co55 . 一Who do you admire the most?一Qian Xuesen. Hes the father of Chinese missiles （导弓单）.Hes the of China. And we areto be doing our part for our country.A. leader; prideB. proud; proudC. pride; proudD. general; pride【答案】C【详解】句意：你最崇拜谁？ 钱学森。他是“中国导弹之父”。他是中国的骄傲。我们很自豪 能为我们的国家做
27、出贡献。考查名词辨析和形容词的用法。leader领导；pride骄傲；general将军；proud骄傲的。根据“He，s the of China”可知，第一空要用名词；结合前一句Hes the father of Chinese missiles （导弹）.”可知，此处 指钱学森是中国的“骄傲；再根据And we are . to be doing our part for our country.”可知，第二空要 用形容词作表语，be proud to do sth.为做某事而骄傲”。故选C。56. 一We were out of after climbing such a high m
28、ountain.Well, but the view on the top was wonderful!A. controlB. breathC. orderD. shape【答案】B【详解】句意：爬了如此高的一座山后我们都上气不接下气了。确实是，不过山顶上的风 景太美了！考查名词辨析。control控制；breath呼吸；order顺序；shape形状。根据后文“after climbing such a high mountain”可知应用“out of breath”表示“上气不接下气”。故选Bo一Have you heard that Tim is going to sell his
29、house?一Yes. I guess losing his job has pushed him into a. He really needs money.A. cornerB. roomC. breakD. direction【答案】A【详解】句意：你听说蒂姆要卖掉他的房子了吗？是的。我想失业使他陷入了困境。他真 的需要钱。考查名词辨析。corner 困境;room 房间；break 间歇;direction 方向。根据“I guess losing his job has pushed him into a .He really needs money.”可知，应是失业把他逼到了困境，
30、push sb into a comer”把某人逼 入困境”。故选A。57. 一The Chinese womens football team won the Asian Cup.一Their of never giving up cheered up everyone.A. senseB. moodC. spiritD. feeling【答案】C【详解】句意：中国女足赢得了亚洲杯。她们永不言弃的精神鼓舞了每个人。考查名词辨析。sense 感觉；mood 情绪；spirit 精神；feeling 感觉。根据“Their . of never giving up cheered up ever
31、yone”可知，此处指不放弃的精神，故选C。58. 一How is the meeting going right now?Good. After a pretty heated, they reached an agreement finally.A. partyB. reportC. exchangeD. speech【答案】C【详解】句意：会议现在怎么样？ 很好，经过一番激烈的交流，他们终于达成了协议。考查名词辨析。party 聚会；report 报告；exchange 交流；speech 演说。根据“ After a pretty heated ,they reached an agr
32、eement finally.”可知，经历了激烈的交流后，他们最终达成一致了。故选C。59. 一Dont talk too much. Tm in a hurry. So please come to the.一OK, Til try to make it short.A. appointment B. pointC. decisionD. discussion【答案】B【详解】句意：不要讲太多。我很着急。所以请说重点。好的，我尽量简短一些。考查名词辨析。appointment约定；point重点；decision决定；discussion讨论。根据前文“m in a hurry.” 可知，应
33、是“直接说重点”。故选B。60. We may have to accept disappointment, but we must never lose.A. hopeB. thoughtC. feelingD. happiness【答案】A【详解】句意：我们可能不得不接受失望，但我们绝不能失去希望。考查名词辨析。hope 希望；thought 思想；feeling 感觉；happiness 幸福。根据We may have to accept disappointment, but we must never lose .”可知，我们要学会接受失望，但不能失去希望，故选A。61. 一 Ho
34、w do you like Chongqing Grand Hotel?Wonderful! Im especially satisfied with the high of its service.A. priceB. praiseC. levelD. risk【答案】C【详解】句意：你觉得重庆大饭店怎么样？ 太棒了！我对它的高水平服务尤其满意。考查名词辨析。price价格；praise表扬；level标准、水平；risk风险。结合语境，根据空前后“Wonderful!” 和“especially satisfied with the high”以及“of its service”可知第二个
35、人对重庆大饭店的高水平服务很满 意。故选C。62. If you want to leave the classroom, you must get your teachers.A. instrumentB. achievementC. agreementD. development【答案】C【详解】句意：如果你想离开教室，你必须得到老师的同意。考查名词辨析。instrument 乐器；achievement 成就；agreement 同意；development 发展。根据“If you want to leave the classroom, you must get your teach
36、ers”可知，想离开教室先得争取老师的同意，故 选C。63. 一Whatcan you give me on my future study?一Stick to it no matter what happens.A. adviceB. subjectC. newsD. purpose【答案】A【详解】句意：你对我未来的学习有什么建议？ 不管发生什么，都要坚持。考查名词辨析。advice 建议；subject 科目；news 消息；purpose 目的。根据“Stick to it no matter what happens.”可知，此处是给出建议，所以提问应是寻求建议，故选A。64. .一
37、What does thatshow?一It shows that many students dont have enough sleep.A. businessB. directionC. surveyD. reason【答案】C【详解】句意：那项调查表明什么？ 它表明许多学生没有足够的睡眠。考查名词辨析。business商业；生意；direction方向；survey调查；reason原因。根据“It shows that many students dont have enough sleep”可知此处指调查表明了什么,survey调查”符合题意。故选C。65. Boys and gi
38、rls, remember comes first while youre working hard. Spare some time toexercise to build a strong body.A. healthB. wealthC. powerD. time【答案】A【详解】句意：孩子们，记住，当你努力工作时，健康是第一位的。花点时间锻炼身体，强健体魄。考查名词辨析。health 健康；wealth 财富；power 力量；time 时间。根据Spare some time to exercise to build a strong body.”可知呼吁孩子们锻炼身体、强身健体，由
39、此推出健康第一。故选A。66. I have to take the books off the small table to make for the computer.A. areaB. roomC. fieldD. position【答案】B【详解】句意：我得把小桌子上的书拿下来，为电脑腾出空间。考查名词辨析。area区域，地区；room空间；field田野，领域；position位置。短语“make room for” 意为“为腾出空间”，故选B。67. Jane didnt go to the cinema with me last night. She said she didnt
40、 feel well.That was only a (n). I saw her studying in the school library at that time.A. resultB. excuseC. matterD. reason【答案】B【详解】句意：简昨晚没有和我一起去看电影。她说她感觉不舒服。那只是一个借口。那 时我看见她在学校图书馆读书。考查名词辨析。result结果；excuse借口； matter事情,问题；reason原因。根据“I saw her studying in the school library at that time.”可推知简说她感觉不舒服只是一
41、个借口。故选B。68. 一Chinas high-speed railwayis leading the world.一Thats right. It is moving further into the world.A. technology B. environment C. population D. tradition【答案】A【详解】句意：中国高铁技术处于世界领先地位。是的。它正在进一步走向世界。考查名词辨析。technology 技术；environment 环境；population 人口； tradition 传统；根据China飞 high-speed rail way. i
42、s leading the world.”可知,是高铁技术,故选 AoMr. White told us the importance of in learning English in our first class.A. pronunciation B. population C. suggestion D. attention【答案】A【详解】句意：在第一节课上怀特先生就告诉我们英语学习中发音的重要性。【答案】A【详解】句意：我们年轻人尽我们最大的努力实现我们的梦想，共同取得一个小小的胜利就会给我 们一种成就感。考查名词。achievement 成就；department 部门;trea
43、tment 治疗；entertainment 娱乐。根据a small success can give us a sense of可知,表达成就感，用名词“achievement”。故选A。5. The TV series The Awakening Age（觉醒年代）drew a lot of attention and with a high scoreof 9.2 on the Internet.A. powerB. wisdomC. praiseD. wealth【答案】C【详解】句意：电视剧觉醒时代在网上获得了 9.2分的高分，备受关注和好评。考查名词辨析。power 力量;wis
44、dom 智慧；praise 赞扬；wealth 财富。根据with a high score of 9.2” 可知，评分很高，所以备受赞扬，故选C。6. 一 We can always find something good in a bad if we look for it.一 Its so true. Lets make full use of what comes.A. situationB. directionC. instruction D. competition【答案】A【详解】句意：如果我们去寻找，总能在逆境中找到好的东西。太对了。让我们充分利用 所得到的。考查名词辨析。si
45、tuation 情况；direction 方向;instruction 指导；competition 比赛。根据“We can always find something good in abad.”可知，此处指“在不好的情况下/在逆境中”，故选A。7. I think one personsdoesnt depend on how much money he has made.T agree with you. But it depends on how many things he has done for our country.A. valueB. healthC. wealthD.
46、advice【答案】A【详解】句意:我认为一个人的价值并不取决于他挣了多少钱。我同意。但这取决于他为 我们国家做了多少事情。考查名词辨析。pronunciation 发音;population 人口； suggestion 建议;attention 注意。根据“the importance of .in learning English”可知，和学习英语有关的应该是英语发音，故选A。71. Have you ever heard A thousand mile journey begins with the first”?A. stepB. ideaC. examD. lesson【答案】A【
47、详解】句意：你曾经听说过“千里之行始于足下”吗？考查名词。step步伐;idea想法；exam考试；lesson课。根据谚语“千里之行始于足下”,可推测,应 该是“脚下的步伐”。故选A。72. There was aof burning oil in the air. People had to cover their noses.A. caseB. smellC. painD. record【答案】B【详解】句意：空气中有一股烧油的气味。人们不得不捂住鼻子。考查名词辨析。case 案例；smell 气味；pain 痛苦；record 记录。根据“People had to cover their noses.” 可知，此处是一股烧油的气味，故选B。73. It would be my greatest if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.A. promiseB. decisionC. resolutionD. happiness【答案】D【详解】句意：如果我能在手术台上工作到死，那将是我最大