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1、【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义十分层训练（全国通用）04.动词（短语）核心要点回顾动词及动词短语是英语语法的核心，也是构成一个句子最基本的成分。动词及动词短语的灵活运用是英语的一大特点，是学生学习中的难点，更是每年高考中测试的重点。现通过对动词及动词词组的典题 进行分析和总结，望能够帮助学生提高动词及动词词组试题的解题能力。一、考查具体语境中动词词义的辨析 近三年，高考对动词词义的考查，多出现在完形填空中。在做题时，要根据上下文的语境和选项中动词的 含义来确定最终答案。【典例1the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to ge
2、t out of the broken window. （完，衫填空）A. StartingB. ParkingC. PassingD. Approaching解析：根据语境可知，应该是靠近车。start开始，发动；park“泊车”；pass“经过，传递”；approach“靠近”。故答案选D。典彳列 2 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a manholding a piece of paper that said, “holding a piece
3、 of paper that said, “my job. Family to feed.”（完形填空）A. LostB. ChangedC. QuitD. Finished解析：根据上下文可知，纸上写的是“丢了工作，还有家人要养活。”故答案选A。二、考查动词近义词的辨析the soul of Qu Yuan.（完形填【典例 1 Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to空）28. The seats in the plane are, and you can them to a certain angle.
4、The is not difficult tomake. （adjust）29. It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make living. （用适当的词填空）30. Bob wrote a poem about the butterfly and he had it（polish） before it was published.31. Few people can stick a diet for long.（用适当的词填空）The principle that you can be
5、come good at things through hard work applies your schoolwork.（用适当的词填空）The teacher told us that the Second World War（break）out in 1939.32. The new law does not refer land used for farming.（用适当的词填空）The dull play really came life in the performance by these young people.33. Our wish has come（truth）.“
6、The coach said after the Chinese girls won the first Volleyball World Cup title in 18 years.34. The North Koreas conducting an underground nuclear explosion set an international argument.35. Such animals as dinosaurs died out because they couldnt adapt the sudden change of climate.36. Dont hesitate
7、（犹豫）to cut the useless information in your passage.37. Having been in hospital for six months, he felt himself cut from the outside world.38. Did he give or keep on trying?（用适当的副词填空）He turned my suggestion and turned the business to his daughter.39. If you like that movie, you should check the direc
8、tors other films.（用适当的词填空）If they value these data, you make them pay them.（用适当的词填空）40. . Its been dry for so long that the forest could burst flames at any moment.41. We claimed a refund （退款）from the association, but they would not pay.42. If you follow these steps and try to communicate with your
9、parents actively, soon you will be able to break the wall between you all.43. Dark clouds were gathering in the skies over Europe. War was soon to break.44. The boy talked loudly in order to catch the teacher （eye）.45. They didnt even practice to prepare the game.二、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
10、式。GOING POSITIVEI always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was 51 (possible), I worried about my weight and tried every new diet I read about online. I tried no-fat, low-fat, only bananas, no bananas - I almost 52 (go) bananas, too.I was feeling extremely 53 (annoy)
11、 when I read an article 54 said instead of asking “Am I fht?” I should be asking “Am I fit?” I had no idea a letter could make such 55 difference! Once I started thinking about 56 (fit) rather than weight, things began to change. Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”, I would say “I want to
12、 run two kilometres in eight minutes or I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”. Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods 57 my meals. I could still have a burger now 58 then, but I would add a salad or an apple.Finally, I stopped 59 (compare) myself with actresses and models
13、and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. Instead, I made a list of the things I liked about 60(I). By being positiveabout my body, I became both happier and healthier.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。In mid-September in 2022, to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclea
14、r physicist Wu Chien-shiung,61 global online conference was held to mark this anniversary. Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie, Wu is not a household name in China or in the United States, 62 she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century.Wu was born on May 31, 1
15、912, in Liuhe town, Taicang, 63 the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. Wus father, Wu Zhongyi, received a modem 64 (educate) in Shanghai, and in 1913,65(found) the first school for girls in Taicang. He aimed 66 (break) the old sexist advocacy that it was womens virtue to have no talents.The fath
16、er, absorbing the merits of Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese culture in mind, had the most profound influence 67 Wu Chien-shiungs life. She spent most of her life in the US, but always wore qipao. Working in the scientific world dominated by men, she never gave u
17、p or lowered her standards even if 68 (unequal) treated.During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wus great 69 (achievement) won her nicknames such as Chinese Madame Curie”. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, and the first female winner of the Comstock Priz
18、e in physics 70 (give) by the US National Academy of Sciences.3Its interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation 71 appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be 72 (loud) in the world.grapee.jp to lifestyle website grap
19、ee.jp, slurping when eating noodles 73-(encourage) in Japanese culture. Ifs believed that taking air into your mouth 74 enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cool down the noodles. Its also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alon
20、e seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.It wasnt until a new expression一noodle harassment，or “hu-hara“ in Japanese - came out last year on social media 75 Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors 76 (comfortable).As a response, Japanese instant no
21、odle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork earlier this year. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smartphone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends a signal to the persons phone, 77 (make) it play a sound to mask
22、 the slurping noise.“The fork is a solution 78 the noodle harassment, issue, particularly as the number of tourists visiting Japan increases,said the company, according to Euro News.But is it really necessary?Dining traditions do vary. What is considered to be proper table manners in one country is
23、likely to be seen as rude in another. In India, for example, people eat with their hands 79 they think in this way they build a connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with utensils(餐具)might find it uncomfortable to get their hands 80(cover) with oil and bits of food. But th
24、is eating method is part of Indias culture,just like Japans slurping is part of its own.So, if you are eating noodles, whether thafs ramen, udon, or soba, please slurp/ wrote the reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because theyre
25、 missing the point entirely.”4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In English,there is a popular saying - All good things must come to 81 end. This, however, might not always be true. For the six friends in Friends, the “good things“ 一 the 82 (friend) between them have never really ended.Perhaps you have
26、nt seen Friends. The TV series tells the story of six young people, Rachel, Ross, Monica, Chandler, Phoebe and Joey 83 came to New York City to find love, success and fun. Each of them had a different 84 (personal), However, they were able to put their differences aside and became good friends.Seven
27、teen years 85 (pass) since the last episode of Friends was on. Fans have been looking forward to 86 (approach) the six friends reunion on the screen. That wish finally came true. A special episode, Friends: The Reunion, was broadcast(播放)online on May 27.Your English teacher once probably advised you
28、 to watch Friends. For sure, watching the series will help you learn English. But you can learn a little 87 (much) from Friends than the others. One thing it can teach us all is how 88 (gain) lasting friendships. As Rachel once said,“ 89 (obvious), there were no cellphones back in the 1990s. It was
29、just friends sitting around 90 chatting together. If you want to have lifelong friends, dont just chat online. Make sure to always be there - for your friends!5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(秧苗)onboard the Tiangong space station and this
30、 experiment shows us how astronauts can grow food to support long-term space missions.91 there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of 92 (it) kind. The aim is to produce the complete life cycle of the plant. It begins with a seed and ends with
31、a mature plant _93_ (produce)new seeds. Now, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety have reached a 94 (high) of about 30 cm.Chinas Wentian space lab,_95_ (launch) on July 24, docked with the Chinese space stations Tianhe core module one day later. The space lab,which 96(weigh) 23 tons and is 1
32、7.9 meters tall, is the countrys largest and 97 (heavy) spacecraft to date.Onboard are eight experimental payloads, including the one for the rice experiment. Rice 98 (be) a staple food for astronauts since the early days of space exploration. US astronauts onboard the Apollo 11 mission,99 were the
33、first humans to land on the moon in July 1969, ate freeze-dried chicken and riceduring their trip 100 space.If we want to land on and explore Mars, we have to find a sustainable food source for long-term space explorations.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。As you have noticed, you and a fish are diffe
34、rent. Eyelids (眼睑)，for example. Even sleep is a difference between you 101 a fish.As far as scientists can tell, even though its hard 102 (study) the brains of fish, fish do sleep in103 way. They at least rest at times, with a slowdown of their body “machinery”. And that is much like sleep.For fish
35、brains to relax, eyelids may not 104 (need), Some fish lie near the bottom or top of the sea or lake at night. Others hide 105 (them) in the sand or produce a covering as 106 (protect) against predators (捕食者)while their defense (防他口者)are sleeping. And sharks-even the kinds107continually swimstill ha
36、ve periods of rest in between periods of activity.Fish dont have eyelids or need them. Eyelids help us 108(human) by keeping our eyes from109 (get) dry, among other things. But dry eyes are HO(probable) not a problem for animalsliving in water.7阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。Han Jing is a se
37、nior high school student now. Ill the first day, she felt a sense of 112 (anxious) and was not sure if she could make a good first impression.Her first math class was very difficult, but 113 teacher, kind and friendly, told them a funny story, 114 (make) the students laugh. That afternoon, they went
38、 to the science lab 115 (do) experiments. However, a guy tried to talk to her the whole time, 116 made her unable to carry out the experiment. That was so 117 (annoy) that she even wanted to tell him to leave 118 (she) alone.After the first day, Han Jing had a different opinion about the life at sen
39、ior high. She didnt feel awkward 119 frightened at all. Though she missed her former friends, she believed she 120 (make) new ones. She felt much more confident than that morning and even thought the next day would be a great day.8阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Statue of Liberty, 121 internatio
40、nally-known symbol of freedom that 122 (complete) in 1886, is certainly an impressive structure. The statue is of a woman 123 is wearing long, flowingrobes. On her head, she has a crown of seven spikes that represent the seven 124 (ocean) and the seven continents. The statue 125 (weigh) 450,000 poun
41、ds and is 152 feet high. 126, the statueappears much larger because it stands on a pedestal that is about 150 feet high. In her raised right hand, the woman holds a 12-meter torch, which stands for light and freedom. In her left hand, she 127 (carry) a tablet (书板)with the date July 4, 1776”, which i
42、s the birthday of the country, written 128 its cover. At her feet lie 129 (break) chains, which symbolize an escape to freedom. The Statue of Liberty is an 130 (amaze) monument.9阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I didnt sleep well fbr several days, worrying about the wildfires in several parts of Chon
43、gqing, my hometown. Like most people from Chongqing, I felt I must help stop the fires spreading, especially after I smelt heavy smoke in my house 131 the evening of Aug. 21. The smoke was believed to be from a wildfire 132 broke out in nearby Banan area in the afternoon that day. That night, a larg
44、e fire 133 (appear) in the mountains in Beibei area, 40 kilometers from my home.Clearly, the powerful fire was getting very close. Although forest firefighting forces from three provinces arrived, our government needed 134 (much) help from the public. And volunteers 135 (call) on to go to different
45、fire sites around the city.Many people 136 (glad) went to offer help. Many gave away all kinds of things needed for the fight against wildfires. They took them to collection points, without 137 (give) their names. 138 (hundred) of people with skills and experience signed up as volunteers.I asked 139
46、(I) what I could help with. I am a middle-aged woman without much strength. I cannotride a motorcycle, and do not have any medical skills. I decided to do everything I could 140 (help) the hard-working volunteers, which included taking them cold fruit tea.10阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nowadays,
47、our classrooms, neighborhoods and communities become 141 (much) diverse (多样化的) than ever before. People from different 142 (country) and cultures continue to spread out around the world. Different skin colors, languages, physical abilities and clothing 143 (be) some of the types of diversity that we
48、 experience every day.How we respond to this diversity will decide not only our future as a person but also our future as a society.As Maya Angelou said, “In diversity there is beauty and 144 (strong)”. Tolerance (宽容)means openness to the differences that exist among us all. It means respecting and
49、learning from others, 145 (value) our differences and discovering what we have 146 common.The opposite of tolerance is closed-mindedness. Arguments, fights and wars 147 (cause) by closed- mindedness from time to time. In contrast, humans 148 are open to differences will create a more peaceful world and have better opportunities in life whether thro