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1、细胞生物学专业词中英文对照第一章细胞学-Cytology细胞生物Cell biology细胞学说-Cell theory原生质-protoplasm原生质 体-protoplast有丝分裂-mitosis福尔根反应-Feulgen reaction哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)支原体-mycoplast真核细胞-rucaryotic cell真核生物-procaryote原核细胞-prokaryotic cell原核生物-prokaryote类群、域-domain古核细胞-archaea古 核 生物-archaeon古细菌-arc
2、haebacteria真细菌-eubacteria鞭毛-flagellum鞭毛蛋白-flagellin类核-nucleoid质粒-plasmid管蛋白-tubulin蓝细菌-cyanobacteria类囊体-thylakoid异 形胞-heterocyst直系同源基因-orthologous gene盐细菌-halobacteria热源体-thermoplasma硫氧化菌-sulfolobus核 小体-nucleosome核纤层-nuclear lamina核纤层蛋白-lamin核基质-nuclear matrix纳米生物学-nanobiology自我装配-self-assembly协助装配-
3、aided-assembly直 接 装 酉 己-direct-assembly次生代谢产物-secondary metabolite天然产物-natural product衣壳-capsid核壳体-nucleocapsid囊膜-envelope第一章光学显微镜-light microscope分辨率-resolution相差显微镜-phase-contrast microscope微分干涉显微镜-differential-interference microscope录像增差显微镜-video-enhance microscope荧光显微镜-fluorescence microscope绿色荧
4、光蛋白-green fluorescent protein,GFP激光扫描共焦显微镜-laser scanning confocal microscope,LSCM全内反射荧光显微术-total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy光激活定位显微术-photoactivated localization microscopy,PALM随机光学重构显微术-stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy受激发射损耗显微术-stimulated emission depletion microscopy结构照
5、明显微术-structured-illumination microscopy,SIM电子显微镜-electron microscope,EM电荷耦合器件-charge-coupled device,CCD超薄切片-ultrathin section负染色技术-negative staining冷冻蚀刻技术-frezze etching快速冷冻深度蚀刻技术-quick freeze deep etching低温电镜技术-cryo-electron microscopy单颗粒分析技术-single particle analysis电子断层成像技术-electron tomography背散射电
6、子成像-back scattered electron imaging扫描电镜-scanning electron microscope,SEM光-电关联技术-correlative light microscopy and electron microscopy扫描隧道显微镜-Scanning tunnel microscope,STM原子力显微镜-atomic force microscope,AFM免疫印记-western blotting放射免疫沉淀-radioimmuno-precipitation原位杂交-in situ hybridization流式细胞术-flow cytome
7、try原代细胞-primary culture cell传代细胞-subculture cell单层细胞-single layer cell细胞系-cell line有限细胞系-finite cell line永生细胞系-infinite cell line连续细胞系-continuous cell line细胞株-cell strain成纤维样细胞-fibroblast like cell上皮样细胞-epithelial like cell外殖体-explant愈伤组织-callus细胞融合-cell fusion电融合技术-electrofusion methodB 淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术-B
8、-lymphocyte hybridoma technique单克隆抗体-monoclonal antibody胞质 体-cytoplast核质体-karyoplast细胞松弛素B-cytochalasin B显微操作-micromanipulation微量注射-microinjection荧光漂白恢复技术-fluorescence photobleaching recovery,FPR荧光恢复-fluorescence recovery酵母双杂交系统-yeast two-hybrid systemDNA 结合域-DNA binding domain转录激活域-activation domai
9、n荧光共振能量转移-fluorescence resonance energy transfer,FRET放射自显影技术-autoradiography第二章细胞质膜-plasma membrane细胞内膜系统-internal membrane生物膜-biomembrane单位膜模型-unit membrane model流动镶嵌模型-fluid mosaic model菌紫红质-bacteria rhodopsin脂筏模型-lipid raft model辛德毕斯病毒-sindbis virus,SbV甘油磷脂-glycerophosphatide鞘脂-sphingolipid固醇-ste
10、rol磷脂酰胆碱-phosphatidylcholine,PC（卵磷脂）磷脂酰乙醇胺-phosphatidylethanolamine,PE磷脂酰丝氨酸-phosphatidyserine,PS磷脂酰肌醇-phosphaditylinositol,PI心磷脂-cardiolipin鞘磷脂-sphingomyelin,SM磷 脂-phospholipid豆固醇-stigmasterol麦角固醇-ergosterol翻转酶-fl ippase脂质体-liposome微团-micelle膜蛋白-membrane protein周边膜蛋白-peripheral membrane protein外在膜蛋
11、白-extrinsic membrane protein整合膜蛋白-integral membrane protein内在膜蛋白-intrinsic membrane protein脂锚定膜蛋白-lipid-anchored membrane protein磷脂酶-phospholipase蛋白聚糖-proteoglycan磷脂酰肌醇糖脂-glycosylphosphaditylinositol跨膜蛋白-transmembrane protein单次跨膜蛋白-single-pass transmembrane protein多次跨膜蛋白-multipass transmembrane prot
12、ein孔蛋白-porin卷曲结构-coiled-coil水孔蛋 白-aquaporin去垢剂-detergent微团临界浓度-critical micelle concentration,CMC相变温度-phase transition temperature扩散常数-diffusion constant细胞外表面-extrocytoplasmic surface,ES夕 卜 小 叶-outer leaflet原生质表面-protoplasmic surface,PS内小叶-inner leaflet细胞外小叶断裂面-extrocytoplasmic face,EF原生质小叶断裂面-proto
13、plasmic face,PF脂肪细胞-adipocyte鞭毛-flagellum纤毛-cilium微绒毛-microvillus膜相关的细胞骨架-membrane associated cytoskeleton肌动蛋白-actin基于肌动蛋白的膜骨架-actin-based membrane skeleton细胞皮层-cortex血影-ghost血影蛋白（或红膜肽）-spectrin锚蛋白-ankyrin血型糖蛋白-glycoprotein内收蛋白-adducin阀蛋白-flotillin膜 月 旨 微 区-membrane lipid microdomain阿尔兹海默症-Alzheimer disease