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1、2020-2021北京高三（上）期中英语汇编阅读表达阅读表达（2021.北京四中高三期中）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。A team of scientists has come up with a plan they say could help rebuild the Arctic ice cap.The ice cap is ahuge area of sea ice that covers most of the Arctic Ocean all year round.Usually,the sea ice gets thicker and spreads further
2、each winter,but this hasnt happened for the past fewyears.Last month,the ice cap had shrunk to its smallest size since scientists began keeping records of it 38 yearsago.The weather in the Arctic has been unusually warm this winter.Some days,temperatures have been 20higher than is normal fbr this ti
3、me of year.In March,the temperature was above 0at least one day.The Arctic ice cap is needed to be rebuilt because sea ice reflects heat and light from the sun back into space.With less ice,the ocean would absorb more heat.The Arctic would warm up even more quickly,and more icewould melt.Without sea
4、 ice,many animals would lose their natural habitats and could become endangered.It couldalso affect the weather,with more storms and erosion along the coast.Dr.Steven Desch and a group of scientists from Arizona State University in the United States think they canhelp to build up Arctic sea ice agai
5、n.They want to set up wind-powered pumps on the existing sea ice.During thewinter,the pumps would spread water from the ocean over the surface of the ice where it would freeze and form anew layer of ice.The scientists say that in 10 years,this could add an extra metre of ice to the ice cap.The plan
6、would require about 10 million pumps and it would be very expensive about$655 billion.Someother scientists are wondering if the pumps would actually work in severe Arctic conditions.They are alsoconcerned about how the project might affect the environment.Dr.Desch said his team hoped their proposal
7、would get more people interested in looking for a solution to theproblem of melting sea ice.He said the only plan people have right now is to try to reduce greenhouse gasemissions from cars and other man-made sources.He and his team dont think that will be enough to save the seaice,so theyre going t
8、o work on their plan and hope that it will give everyone a good start on saving the Arctic icecap.1.What is the Arctic ice cap?2.What are the shortcomings of Dr.Steven Deschs solution?3.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.Some scientists wer
9、e worried about the project and Dr.Desch hoped more people could help improve it.4.Please briefly present your own solution（s）to the greenhouse gas emission problem in your daily life,（about 40words）（2021北京市第四十三中学高三期中）Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her lifebehind a shopping
10、cart（购物手推车）.They will,in a lifetime,push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles.Butfew will know-or even think to ask-who it was that invented them.Sylvan N.Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937.At that time he was in the supermarket business.Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带）gro
11、ceries around in baskets they had to carry.One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels.The wheeled baskets would makeshopping much easier for his customers,and would help to attract more business.On June 4,1937,Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market.He was terri
12、bly excited on themorning of that day as customers began arriving.He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed.Most shoppers gave the carts a long look,but hardly anybody would givethem a try.After a while,Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his car
13、ts.Dont you think this armis strong enough to carry a shopping basket?one shopper replied.But Goldman wasnt beaten yet.He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade peopleto give them a try.To this end,Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend
14、 theywere shopping!Seeing this,the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的）customers.As Goldman had hoped,the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market.But not only did more people comethose who came bought more.With larger,easier-to-handle baskets,
15、customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model.Perhaps thats one reasonAmericans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937 beforethe coming of the shopping ca
16、rt.5.Why was Goldman disappointed at first?6.Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market?7.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.The purpose of Goldmans invention was to make shopping easier and show off his imagination.8.What
17、do you think of Goldman?Please briefly explain,（about 40 words）（2021.北京 北师大实验中学高三期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Teenagers are learning new communication skills every day.It is important for them to have opportunities tonetwork,or to meet and get to know new people.Online networking,which is very popular with
18、teens today,makesshort,superficial connections.But offline networking better encourages meaningful connections that will increasehope,develop skills,and open avenues to career opportunity.Teens need to practice more offline networking.Itwill prepare them to be confident face-to-face communicators in
19、 the real world.A survey of almost 7,000 teens was conducted in 2019 by three Swiss researchers,and they found that teenswere spending too much time on social networking sites.So,they suggested that teens should spend more time withothers in real life.It not only contributes to a stronger sense of i
20、dentity and a happier mood,but also gives us thechance to share happiness with other people.In other words,offline networking seems to actually benefit a teensemotional health.Face-to-face communication also gives teens an opportunity to learn to read people.Everyone communicatesin person differentl
21、y than communicating over the phone,through texting,or in online posts.Being face-to-facerequires a person to think and respond more quicklywithout the safety net of a delete key.And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway.Facial expressions,gestures,and vocal tones are just afew examples.Teen
22、s need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues（暗示），which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying.A time will come when the teen willneed to enter the job market,and this usually means a face-to-face interaction,including interactin
23、g naturally withcustomers,hearing and understanding their words as well as their nonverbal cues in many different kinds ofbusinesses.Offline networking is important because it can improve a teenagers well-being and help prepare him for thefuture.Thafs why every teen should spend time practicing real
24、-world interactions.9.What is the disadvantage of online networking?10.What was the researchers?suggestion to teens?11.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily involved in communica
25、tion,so people getless from nonverbal expressions.12.In addition to the benefits mentioned in the passage,what do you think are some other benefits of face-to-facecommunication?（about 40 words）（2021北京朝阳高三期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。In a growing number of school districts across America,stude
26、nts must wear a uniform.According to the USDepartment of Education,wearing a uniform can maintain discipline and help schools recognize those who come tothe school illegally.Schools claim that when students come in uniform,it improves discipline and leads toacademic gains.However,students protested
27、the decision.A more important question is whether there is any evidence to show that mandatory（强制的）uniform policiescan lead to improved student outcomes.A 2003 study that used a large national data set concluded that elementaryand middle schools with school uniforms had fewer student behavior proble
28、ms.But it found that high schools had agreater frequency of misbehavior.Interestingly,even when evidence is available,educators could take the opposite view.For example,a study ofeducators in 38 North Carolina high schools found that 61%of the school masters believed that there was areduction in cas
29、es of misbehavior on campus when school uniforms were introduced.In reality,the data showed nochange in incidents of suspensions（停学）and other problems.Similarly,research on the effectiveness of school uniforms on increasing student attendance and achievementis confusing.For example,one study conclud
30、ed that school uniforms resulted in increased student achievement andincreased attendance.However,another study found little impact on academics at all levels and little evidence ofimprovement in attendance for girls and drop in attendance for boys.So,what does lack of consistent researchmean for po
31、licy?In my view,it does not mean that schools should not carry out such policies.It does mean,however,thateducators must be clear about the goals that they hope to achieve.Decreased discipline problems,increasedattendance and academic achievement may not be achieved just by wearing uniforms.But ther
32、e may be otherbenefits,for instance,it could help a school promote its brand through a uniform look.School uniforms may alsoserve as a symbol of commitment to academic achievement.13.Why are students required to wear school uniforms in America?14.What are the findings of the 2003 study?15.Please dec
33、ide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.Some studies showed wearing school unifonns helped improve students pebi7?iancef but other studies found noconsistent results,so schools should stop the school unifonn policy.16.What do you think of wearing school u
34、niforms?Explain your reasons.In about 40 words）（2021北京市房山区坨里中学高三期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Difference between 4G And 5G5G is the newest mobile network thats replacing the current 4G technology by providing a number ofimprovements in speed,coverage,and reliability.The reason for needing an upgraded network
35、 is to support the growing number of devices that demand internetaccess.Many of them require so much bandwidth in order to function normally that 4G simply doesnt cut itanymore.5G connects many more devices to the internet,minimizes delays,and delivers extremely fast speeds.4G usesfrequencies below
36、6 GHz while some 5G networks use higher frequencies（频率）like around 30 GHz or more.These high frequencies support a huge capacity for fast data and can be used in the future for increasing bandwidthdemands.They can also be used right next to other wireless signals without causing interference.5G uses
37、 shorter wavelengths than 4G,which means that antennas（天线）can be much smaller while stillproviding precise directional control.Since one base station can use even more directional antennas,it means that5G can support much more devices per meter than whats supported by 4G.However,some of these high f
38、requencies are easily absorbed by humidity,rain,and other objects,meaning thatthey dont travel as far.lt is for these reasons that a strong 5G connection right where you are could slow down to4G speeds when you walk a few feet away.One way this is being dealt with is by using strategically placedant
39、ennas,either tiny ones in specific rooms or buildings,or large ones positioned throughout a city.As 5G expands,there will also probably be many repeating stations to push the radio as far as possible to provide long-range 5Gsupport.5G is 20 times faster than 4G.You could download close to 10 movies
40、before 4G could deliver even the firsthalf of one.5G will help to build future“smart cities,with the help of sensor networks.Such networks will be able to helpthe police with the traffic,let us know whats happening in our homes,and even make it possible for doctors toperform an operation far away.17
41、.Why do we need upgraded network?18.Please paraphrase the underlined part in the second paragraph in your own words.19.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.These high frequencies of 5G support a huge capacity for fast data and can travel very
42、 far.20.How will 5G help us?（About 40 words）（2021北京市昌平区第二中学高三期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成对该问题的回答。Shared Services Need More ImaginationSuppose you need to drill a hole in the wall to hang an item but do not own a power drill.You may regard it asexpensive to buy a power drill and consider renting one.Sharing is
43、 the solution.The sharing industry is anemerging,highly flexible economic network that allows people to share resources,either free or for a fee.The important idea of the sharing industry is that people might only need an item for a relatively short period.The private part of shared services has bee
44、n moving towards this area since the beginning of the 1980s,and thenthe public part has taken note of the benefits and continued for best practice.The United States and Australiaamong others have had shared services in government since the late 1990s.With the rise of the sharing industry,the best-kn
45、own shared bikes and shared cars have got a lot of publicattention.This kind of transportation is so environmentally-friendly that it is increasingly popular among people inmany cities.Of course shared services dont need to be limited to machines.The real pay-off in shared services probablylies in r
46、enting out smaller,less heavy items.For example,in todays casual environment,you dont need a tie unlessyoure going to a wedding or a job interview.So some companies,would let you pick up a tie when you needed itand only when you needed it.Another example is an umbrella-sharing service.Since visitors
47、 dont want to becarrying umbrellas all the way,it would be cheaper and easier to simply borrow an umbrella on one street cornerand drop it off on another.Recently organizations that have centralized their IT functions have begun to lake a close look at thetechnology services that their IT department
48、s provide for customers,evaluating where it makes sense to providetechnology components.E-mail and scanning（扫描）operations were obvious early candidates.Many organizationsare now offering their document-intensive operations as a shared service.There is no doubt that people are callingfor the expansio
49、n of shared services to more and more areas.21.What is the sharing industry?22.Why does shared transportation receive attention from people?23.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.Shared services are getting increasingly popular for their con
50、venience,but there are still calls for expansion towider areas because they are currently restricted to machines.24.Please provide another example of shared services and explain your reason,（about 40 words）（2021.北京.昌平一中高三期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Teenagers are learning new communication skills every day.