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1、专题0 3 代词命题方向重要指数考 向 一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词(必考点)考向二 指示代词和i t 的用法(常考点)考 向 三 不定代词(重难点)考向一人称代词、物主代词和反身代词命意题超究|例 1|(2022江苏连云港中考真题)(人称代词做宾语)Our English teacher,Miss Li,is kind and patient.We alllike.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself帆,(2020 江苏宿迁 中考真题)(人称代词做主语)一Where are Lily and Lucy from?:_ are from the USA.A.Ours B
2、.We C.Theirs D.They例 3|(江苏省南京市2021年中考英语试题)(形容词性物主代词修饰名词)A my hid under desk in ahurry when the earthquake happened.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself制 4(江苏省徐州市2021年中考英语试题)(名词性物主代词后不跟名词)I have my own advantages and myfriends have.A.his B.hers C.theirs D.ours例目(江苏省无锡市2021年中考英语试题)(反身代词用法)A s parents,we must
3、ask:A re we listening?A re we patient enough?A.us B.ourselves C.me D.myself厚命题出敬人称代词英语中用来表示“你、我、她”这样含义的词叫人称代词。人称代词可以分为主格和宾格,主格放句首,作主语I am a student.我是个学生。宾格放在动词后,作宾语或表语My mother likes m e.我的妈妈喜欢我。放介词后,作宾语The boy is standing in front of us.这个男生站在我前面。1.人称代词主格和宾格的进一步区分。汉语中的人称代词没有主格、宾格的区别,例 如“我帮助你”跟“你帮助
4、我”中 的“我”和“你”都是同一个字;然而在英语中,它们由于扮演语法成分的不同,使用的是不同的词。例如:I help you.我帮助你。You help m e.你帮助我。这两句里“我”分别担任主语和宾语,但担任主语时是“I”,担任宾语时是“me”。两句中的“you”虽然形式相同,但实际担任的成分是不同的,只不过因为“you”的主格和宾格“长得一样”罢了。因此代词的主格、宾格内容是英语初学者容易犯错误的地方。需要同学们加以注意。以下是各人称代词的主格和宾格:单复数单 数复 数人称IIIIIIIIIIII主 格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey宾 格meyouhim,her,itusy
5、outhem物主代词汉 语 中“你的、她的、我的”这样含义的词在英文中翻译为“your,her,my”;这些表示所属关系的代词称为物主代词。物主代词可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。具体用法。1)形容词性物主代词翻译为“的”,它的用法相当于形容词,后面可以接名词,不可以单独使用。例如:my book我 的 书 her bike她的自行车2)在形容词性物主代词和名词之间还可以加入其他的形容词做修饰语。例如:This is her yellow bike.这是她的黄色自行车。That is his blue shirt.那是他的蓝色衬衫。3)名词性物主代词既有代词的性质也有名词的性质,后面
6、不可以接名词。形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。例如:This is my book=This is m ine.这是我的书。=这是我的(书)。That is your bike=That is yours,那是你的自行车。=那 是 你 的(自行车)。以下是级主代词的列表:类 人第一人称第二人称第三人称单数形容词性物主代词myyourhisherits名词性物主代词mineyourshishersits复数形容词性物主代词ouryourtheir名词性物主代词oursyourstheirs反身代词英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本
7、形式如下表所示:人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself herself itselfthemselves通称oneself用法详解:反身代词有三种不同的用法:一、强调用法反身代词在强调用法中表示强调,即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气,可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时,它在句中作同位语。即使去掉,也不影响句子的完整性。例如:(1)You must do it yourself.(你必须自己做)(2)I myself did the homework last nighto(昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业)二、非强调用法这种用法
8、通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。它在句中作宾语,不能省略,否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句。例如:(1)Jane is too young to look after herself.(简年纪太小,以至于不能照看自己)(2)I teach myself English.(我自学英语)(3)He didnt hurt himself,thank goodness.(他未伤了他自己,谢天谢地。)三、与 by搭配当反身代词与by搭配时,意为:单独地,没有人帮助的。例如:(1)We must finish it all by ourselves.(我们必须全靠自己去完成。)(2)He can sw
9、im all by himself.(他能独自一个人游泳。)一些常用的固定搭配:teach oneself sth./learn sth.by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴;过得愉快help oneself to sth.请自用.(随 便 吃/喝些.)say to oneself自言自语dress oneslef自己穿衣lose oneself in沉迷于 勒四盅恻演【变 式 1】(2022江苏宿迁三模)一Who teaches Chinese?Mr Wang.He is favourite teacher.A.your;our B.your;we C.you;o
10、ur D.you;we【变式 2】(2022江苏 开明中学一模)My Maths teacher is helpful and has a good sense of humor.We all likeA.she B.her C.hers D.herself【变式3(2022江苏 淮安市淮安区教师发展中心学科研训处一模)We should take ID cards withwhen we get vaccinated(接种疫苗)anywhere.A.our B.us C.we D.ours【变式 4(2022江苏连云港二模)John asked the old man to teach sk
11、ills for making friends withothers.A.he B.him C.his D.himself【变式 5】(2022江苏宿迁 一模)一What do you think of English teacher?Hes an excellent teacher.Fve improved a lot since he taught English.A.our,us B.ours,us C.our,our D.ours,our【变式 6】(2022江苏无锡市华庄中学二模)The culture that he describes is so different from t
12、hat Isometimes find it hard to understand.A.my B.me C.myself D.mine【变式7 (2022江苏 连云港外国语学校二模)Is this red e-b i k e,Mike?-Of course not.Red is not my ta s te.e-b i k e is black.A.your;Your B.my;Your C.yours;My D.yours;Mine【变式 8(2022江苏淮安二模)Its kind of Tom to look after sick brother.A.his B.him C.he D.hi
13、mself【变式 91(2022江苏景山中学三模)Being surfing lovers,the twins are very excited that sport will makefirst appearance at the Tokyo Olympics.A.its B.his C.her D.their【变式 10(2022江苏南京二模)一Look!The clothes on those models are different f r om.一Well,wearing hanfu is now becoming a fashion around the world.A.us B.
14、we C.our D.ours【变式 111(2022江苏徐州市树人初级中学二模)We should always believe in and never give up.A.we B.us C.our D.ourselves【变式 12(2022江苏 滨海县第一初级中学三模 What made me surprised was that the twins put in the lights byyesterday.A.their B.theirs C.them D.themselves【变 式 13(2022 江苏 盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学三模)一Mom,Im sorry.I carft d
15、o things as well as myclassmates.一Just be,my little boy.Youve done your best.A.myself B.ourselves C yourself D.yourselves【变式 14(2022江苏无锡模拟预测)一Shush!Here Daniel comes.Dont tell him who has put the note in hispencil case.Of course not.Lefs keep the secret to.A.myself B.himself C.ourselves D.themselves
16、考向二指示代词和i t的用法H(2021江苏 苏州市苏州高新区第一中学九年级阶段练习)(those指代上文出现的复数名词)your answers with at the back of the book to see if they are right.A.Compare;those B.Compared;that C.Compared;those D.Comparing;that例(2019江苏 阜宁县新世纪实验中学一模)(that指代上文出现的单数名词)The gravity of the Mars is onlyabout 37.5 percent of of the Earth.A.
17、one B.it C.that D.those帆 3|(2022江苏徐州中考真题)(it 作形式主语)is our duty to make our country better and stronger.A.It B.This C.That D.One例 4(2017江苏连云港中考真题)(it 指天气)一I am planning a trip to Lianyungang this summer.How is theweather there?一Not so hot.Sometimes is a bit cool and wet.A.this B.that C.it D.one例目(201
18、8.江苏南通.中考真题)(it 作形式宾语)By taking an online spoken English course,I find muchsimpler to speak English.A.this B.that C.it D.one厚命题居确指示代词一、指示代词的用法用来表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的词叫指示代词。英文中的指示代词有:this(这个),these(这些),that(那个),those(那些)。this(these)一般用来指时间或者空间上较近的事物。例如:Is this your pencil?这是你的铅笔吗?These yellow s
19、ocks are good.这些黄色的袜子很好。that(those)常用来指时间或者空间上较远的事物。例如:That dictionary is H elena.那个字典是海伦的。How much is that white bag?那个白色的包多少钱?二、指示代词的句法功能及作用1.指示代词在句中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等成分。例如:This is a good idea.这是个好主意。(作主语)What is the use of those books?那些书是做什么用的?(作定语)What I want is that.我想要的是那个。(作表语)She likes paintin
20、g,but I don t like that.她喜欢画画,但我不喜欢。(作动词宾语)Don,t tell her about that.别把那件事告诉她。(作介词宾语)2.this,these,that,those 的用法区别this和 these是近指代词,指时间或空间较近的人或事物;that和 those是远指代词,指时间或空间上较远的人或事物。that,those常常用来代替上文已经提到过的名词,以避免重复。that特指同名异物的不可数名词或可数名词单数,只能指物;those特指同名异物的可数名词复数,可指人也可指物。this,these没有这种用法。例如:The weather of
21、 China is quite similar to that of the US.中国的天气和美国的很相似。(that 代替 the weather)The computers made in China are as good as those made in Germany.中国产的电脑和德国产的一样好。(those 代替 the computers)that指刚提到过的事情或已经完成的事情;this指即将要发生或将要提到的事情。例如:When she got home,she had a short rest and a glass of milk.After that she did
22、 her homework.回家后,她稍微休息了一会儿,喝了杯牛奶,然后做作业。(that指上文中已经完成的事情)They played like this:six students stand in a row in front of the class.他们这样做这个游戏:六名学生在同学们的前面站成一排。(this指下文要提到的事情)打电话时,常用this介绍自己;用 that询问对方。例如:Hello.This is John Scott.Who is that speaking?喂,我是约翰斯科特。你是哪位?i t的用法1.it用作代词(1)用作人称代词在句子中作主语或宾语;指前面已经
23、提到过的事物、动物或人,且 it指特定的事物;如果指前文中提到的事物中的任何一个,用 one。one可以与any,each,every,not等连用,但。ne不可代替不可数名词。Wheres your car?Ifs in the garage.你的汽车在哪儿呢?在车库里。(指代物品your car)Did you hit it?你打中了吗?(指代事件)The baby cried when it was hungry.这婴儿饿时就哭。(指代婴儿,尤指性别不详或无所谓时)Who is that?-I f s m e.是谁?我。(指一定情景中所确定的人或事物,此时相当于指示代词,代 指 this
24、和 that,有时也指人)Whafs this?Ifs a box.这是什么?一只箱子。(2)作非人称代词 表示天气、日期、时间、温度、距离、价值、路程、度量、自然现象与环境等。也可模糊地指一般情形或上文的部分或整个意思。译成汉语时,it通常不一定译出来。Ifs a long time since they left,他们走后很久了。Ifs two miles to the beach.离海滨有两英里远。Thats just itI can work when you9re making so much noise.原因就在这里-你弄出这么大的声音,我工作不了。另外,需要注意两点:(1)tim
25、e”后面可以接不定式和介词短语表示“是做的时候了”。如:Its time for supper.Its time to have supper.2.it用作引导词(1)作形式主语 由动词不定式、动词ing短语或名词性从句担任主语的句子,常用it来作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句子的后面。Its not easy for us to learn English well.句型为:It+be+形容词+(for sb.)to do sth.Ifs foolish of you to say that to her,句型为:It+be+形容词+(of sb.)+to do sth.Ifs no use
26、/good/help.sleeping too much.(句型为:It+be+名词+doing)Ifs important that we be there on tim e.(句型为:It+be+形容词+that 从句)(2)作形式宾语当宾语是动词不定式、动词in g短语或名词性从句时,而宾语后又有宾语补足语,则需用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面。用于这种结构的动词有:feel,find,think,make,consider,take 等。Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.马克思发现研究俄国
27、的形势很重要。1 find it strange that she doesnt want to travel.她竟不想旅游,我觉得很奇怪。V 1 1 make it clear to you that failure is the mother of success.我要告诉你们失败是成功之母。叫卷颁缭【变式 1(2022江苏连云港模拟预测)The games in the 2024 Paris Olympics will be a little bit different fromin the Tokyo Olympics.A.thatB.onesC.thoseD.it【变式 2】(202
28、0江苏南通 模拟预测)The weather in London is different fromin Beijing.A.thatB.oneC.itD.those【变式3(2021江苏扬州中学教育集团树人学校一模)一Look at these beautiful flowers.Do you know whatkind of flowers they are?Im not sure.They look much the same in shape and size asof roses.A.thisB.thatC.theseD.those【变式 4】(2022.内蒙古呼伦贝尔一 模)The
29、 population of Yakeshi is smaller thanof Hailaer.A.itB.oneC.thatD.those【变式5(2022黑龙江哈尔滨三模)Sunshine,beaches,coconuts(椰子)一.are why people usuallygo to Hainan.A.itB.thatC.these【变 式 6(2022 四川自贡二模)Look,whosgirl in a red skirt over there?-Oh,she is my sister,Kate.Sheshonest girl.A.the;aB.this;theC.that;an【
30、变式7(2021山东济南三 模)What aredoing over there?They are having a meeting.A.thisB.thatC.theseD.those【变 式 8(2022天津河东二 模)your friends?Yes,are.A.this;itB.that;itC.these;theyD.these;those【变式9(2014.山东泰安一模)Look!Do you knowman under the tree?Sony Hs too far to seeclearly.A.this;himB.that;thisC.this;herD.that;him【
31、变 式 10(2020重庆北暗模拟预测)Dale,trousers are your sisters.are on thebed.A.this;YoursB.these;YoursC.this;YourD.these;Your【变 式 11 (2023江苏 无锡外国语学校一模)一Who is that over there?Maybeis your friend Daniel.A.sheB.heC.itD.that【变式 12(2022 江 苏 兴 化市教师发展中心二模)My parents have made a habit to go out for a walkaround Zhaoya
32、nghu Park after dinner every day.A.this B.it C.that D.one【变 式 13(2022江苏扬州市江都区实验初级中学三模)一What can we learn from the COVID-19 event?I think important to get on well with wildlife,because theyre our friends.A.that B.it C.this D.one【变式 14(2022 江苏 无锡市天一实验学校三模)Laziness in youth spells regret in old age.Not
33、hing can madepossible for lost time to be made up.A.this B.it C.one D.that【变式 1 5(2022江苏连云港二模)I find is very exciting for me to go camping in the open air.A.it B.this C.one D.that【变式 1 6(2021江苏盐城二模)一 Who was calling you on the phone just now?was my mum.A.She B.That C.It D.This【变式 17(2022辽宁辽宁 一模)I ca
34、nt find my ticket.I think I have lost.A.it B.one C.this D.them考 向 三 不 定 代 词例(2022 江苏盐城中考真题)(either指两者中任意一个)一 Coffee or milk,Jeff?一 is OK.I care little about it.A.Both B.None C.Either D.Neither画才 2022江苏常州.中考真题)(something 用于肯定句)Learning is a life-long journey,for it brings usnew every day.A.everything
35、 B.nothing C.anything D.something瓯目(2022江苏连云港中考真题)(anybody 用于否定句)There isnt in the classroom.A ll the studentsare having a PE lesson in the playground.A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody例 4)(2020江苏常州中考真题)(another+基数词+复数名词)Take it easy.There will be two busescoming in a few minutes.A.another B.
36、other C.others D.the other制(2020江苏无锡中考真题)(little修饰不可数名词表否定)一 What do we know about the next OlympicGames?Ver y.The only news is that they wont cancel it.A.a few B.few C.a little D.little厚 命 题内确不定代词初中常见的不定代词(1)表示不同范围含义范心都都不任何一个每一两者bothneitherEithereach三者以上allNoneanyEvery(2)表示肯定或否定表肯定both,all,each,eve
37、ry,a little,a few表否定neither,none,any,on one,little,few2.常考的几组易错不定代词辨析(1)both,either 与 neither相同点均用于两个人或物不同点both指“两者都“,常与and连用。作主语时,谓语动词用复数either指“两者中任意一个“,常与or连用。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数neither指“两者中没有一个(全否定)”,通常与nor连用,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数(2)all,any 与 none相同点均用于三个或三个以上的人或物all指“三个或三个以上的人或物的全部”。作主语时,谓语动词用复数(3)each 与 e
38、very不同点,其反义词为noneany指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个“只能作定语。none指 三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(全否定)”,相当于not any(4)some 与 any代词EachEvery不同点作形容词或代词,可单独使用仅用作定语,不可单独使用强调个体强调整体指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的,每一个”后可加o f 短语后不可加of短语相同点“each/every+名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式(5)a few,few,a little 与 little相同点均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表 示“一些”,即不确定的数量不同
39、点some一般用于肯定句中,也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到对方的肯定的回答。any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定句时表示“任何一个/一些“肯定含义否定含义所修饰的名词a few 一些,几个few 几乎没有可数名词复数a little 一点little几乎没有不可数名词(6)other,the other,others,the others 与 another不定代词意义用法other另外的+复数名词/不可数名词,作定语,没有范围限制常与many,any,som e等词连用修饰名词the other两者中的另一个+单数可数名词,常与o n e连用,构成one,th
40、e otherothers另一些人/物=other+复数名词(没范围限制)。不修饰名词。习惯搭配some.others.the others其余的人/物=theother+名词复数,不修饰名词。表 示“其余的全部“有范围限制another再一的,另一的+单数名词,表 示“再一,另 一 个(三者或三者以上中的另一个)”再,又(多)复合不定代词的构成:复合不定代词是由some,any,no,every力 口-body,-thing,-one构成,列表如下:Somebody 某人Anybody任何人Someone 某人Anyone任何人Something某物,某事Anything任何事物Nobody
41、没有人Everybody 每人No o n e没有人Everyone 每人Nothing没有东西Everything 一切由于在使用中有比较特殊的习惯用法,是考试中比较常见的考点。一:复合不定代词和部分否定部分否定是考试中的热门考点,常表达的结构有两种:1:not+全部肯定词2:助 动 词+not+全部肯定词。其意都为“并非都,不 都 前 者 是 一 般 形 态,如:Not everyone likes English,由于是基本概念,学生比较容易理解。但后者和一般否定句比较相似,容易引起学生判断上的疑惑,是出题的焦点。二:复合不定代词的定语位置复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候,定语必须放在不定代
42、词后面。复合不定代词+形容词/副词:如 nothinginteresting;something new三:复合不定代词与谓语的一致问题复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Everything that glittered is not gold.Nothing except for a few books was left for him by his father.【易错警示】复合不定代词的用法区别1.大家都知道,带 some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句;而带any的复合不定代词常用在否定句,如:I have something important to tell you.If ther
43、e is anything wrong,please let me know.但是,带 som e的复合不定代词也可以用在表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求,建议,询问的疑问句中。如:Would you like something to eat?2.带 any的复合不定代词用在肯定句中带有“任何人,任何事”的意思。Anyone who breaks the law will be thrown into prison.As a teacher,I would do anything for my students.特别要注意的是带any的复合不定代词不能再用否定式。如:Anything c
44、ould not be seen in that dark room.(F)要表达否定意思,只可以用对应的全部否定的词代替。如:Nothing could be seen in that dark room.3.指人的复合不定代词合写与分开写,其意思和用法不同,以 any为例。anyone仅指人任何人,某人,不和of连用any o n e即指人,也指物,任何一个的意思可以于of连用Anyone can do the job.Any one of us can do the job.,容 宏 恻 演【变 式 1】(2022江苏 梅岭中学教育集团运河中学二模)一 Mum,when shall we
45、 go to China Grand CanalMuseum,this Saturday or Sunday?一 is OK.I have to work overtime this weekend.A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.None【变式 2】(2022江苏连云港外国语学校二模)I tried several ways to work out the maths problem,butof them worked.A.all B.each C.none D.neither【变式3(2022江苏 常州市武进区星辰实验学校二模)一Fm afraid I cant d
46、o well in the speech tomorrow.Dont worry.Just make yourself well-prepared.Worry never f i xes.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing【变式4(2022江苏 徐州市树人初级中学二模)一Yuzuru Hanyu(羽生结弦)is always praised as a princeon ice.一In f a c t,wa s bom good at all things excellent.Practice makes perfect.A.everybo
47、dy B.somebody C.nobody D.anybody【变式 5(2022江苏徐州二模)A s a child,I would sit for hours by the river doi ng simplydaydreaming.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing【变式 6(2022江苏仪征市第三中学模拟预测)一Which of the twins would you choose to go with you?.A llen and Roy are strong boys.But I just need one of the
48、m to help.A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither【变式 7】(2022江苏苏州市平江中学校一模)You are who you are.There will never be person whois exactly like you.A.the other B.others C.the others D.another【变 式 8】(2022江苏苏州市吴江区青云中学模拟预测)一A mazing!Lily got the highest mark in Math examlast week.is impossible.She studies really h
49、ard this term.A.A nything B.Nothing C.Everything D.Something【变式 9】(2022江苏宿迁二模)一I dont like watching short videos on those boring A pps.Ifs a waste of time.一.Many short videos are very boring.A.Soldo B.Neither I do C.So do I D.Neither do I【变式 10(2022 江苏 沐阳如东实验学校二模)A s a teacher,I can,t teach the s t
50、u d e n t s,I can only helpthem learn how to think.A.everything B.anything C.nothing D.something【变式 111(2022 江苏无锡 模拟预测)一 Sir,you cant park on side ofZhongshan Road.Otherwise,you will be fined.Sorry,Im leaving.Thanks for telling me that.A.both B.either C.neither D.none【变式 12(2022天津西青 一模)一Mum,there ar