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1、课程主题：动 词 及 动 词 词 组(二)2023年 安 徽 省 中 考 英 语 总 复 习 一 轮 复 习学 习 目 标 1.掌握近似词的区别和应用2.掌握动词常考动词词组教学内容【进门测试】1.As a mountain climber.Aron is used t o(t a k e)r i s k s.2.Id like to give my thanks to Alice f o r(s h a r e)her exciting experiences in Africa.3.Y o u(p r o mi s e)to take our boy to Disneyland last
2、year.Dont let him down again.4.The survey shows that few people believe r o b o t s(c o n t r o l)our planet one day.5.You look a b s e n t-mi n d e d.y o u(e x p e c t)someone?一Yes.My e-friend is coming over.Weve never seen each other before.6.“How am I s u p p o s e d(l i v e)without you?”Jane sai
3、d to Dad,tears in eyes.7.You watch TV all the time.You s h o u l d(g o)out and relax!8.The librarian was at me and seemed friendly,(smile)9.Jimmy could not sleep at first.He finally f e l l(s l e e p)when the rainstorm stopped at midnight.10.Taizhou and C h a n g z h o u(s e p a r a te)by the Yangtz
4、e River,and a new bridge will connect the two citiesin the near future.【答案】taking;sharing;promised;will control;Are,expecting;to live;go;smiling;asleep;are separated【多元导学】根据文章猜测词义1.Enjoy a story and pay attention to some phrases while listening.It was rainmg I went into a cafe and askud for a coffee
5、 While I was waiting for my dnnk,I realized therewere other people in the place,but I sensed loneliness.I saw thar bodies,but 1 couldnt feel thar soulsbecause their souls belonged to the Nel.I stood up and walked between the tables,when I came to thebiggest computer,I saw a thin,small man sitting in
6、 front of it Im Steve/he finally replied to me after Iasked him a couple of times what his name was.I can,t talk with you.Im busy,“he said.He was chattingonline and,at the same time,he wasplaying a computer game一a war game.I was surprised.I tried to taUcto him again,he shouted at me,I cant put up wi
7、th you.Leave me alone”That night,I thought everything over,but was at a loss.Are they wrong or I am?【互动精讲】【知识梳理1】动词短语辨析1.say,speak,talk,tell1)say表示说话的内容，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。2)speak接表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言一般作为不及物动词使用。3)talk表示“同某人谈话“，是不及物动词，与 to,about,with等连用，才可以接宾语。4)te ll表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。例 1：lam su
8、re that he is a lie.A.saying B.talking C.speaking D.telling【答案】D【解析】本题考查四个“说”动词的区别say强调说话的内容；talk为不及物动词，意为“交谈”；speak后接某种语言时为及物动词，作“说话，发言”讲时为不及物动词；tell为及物动词，当“告诉，讲，说”等，经常和story,lie等连用，构成“讲故事”、“说谎”等短语，故本题选D。例 2：Do you know why he didnt a word when he to?Because he was too nervous.A.speak,speaks B.say,
9、was spoken C.say,spoke D.speak,isspoken【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。say“说、讲”，着重说话的内容，speak接语言，speak to s b.其意为“对某人说话”,这里表示被动，意思是“别人给他说话时”。所以选择答案B。2.look,see,watch 和 read 的用法。1)look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。Look!The girl is swimming in the lake.Look at the picture carefully.Can you find something unusual?2)se
10、 e 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。They cant see the words on the blackboard.Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?3)watch指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。The twins are watching TV now.He will go to watch a volleyball match.4)read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。Dont read in the sun.I like to read newspapers when I am free.例 1：I dont often any
11、 books on Sunday evenings,and I often_some football games.A.read,watch B.look at,see C.read,see D.see,watch【答案】A【解析】read指读书，看报；watch指观看，注视；look a t强调看的动作；see指看到的结果，所以正确答案为A3.borrow,lend 和 keep 的区别。1)borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.May I bo
12、rrow your dictionary?2)lend是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同 borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.Could you lend us your radio,please?3)keep是“保存”的意思，表示长时间地借，动作可以延续。How long can the recorder be kept?The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.例 1:Can I your bike?With pleasure.But you mustnt i
13、t to others.A.lend;borrowborrow;borrow【答案】BB.borrow;lendC.lend;lendD.【解析】考查动词用法辨析。lend“借出”；borrow“借入”。第一句意为“我能借你的自行车吗？”可知是借对方的东西，因此用borrow；第二句意为“一没关系，但是你不能把它借给别人。”因此用lend。故选B。例 2：Could I your iPad,Alice?一 Of course.Here you are.A.lend B.keep C.borrowD.return【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。lend 借 给;keep借 用(若 干 时 间)”
14、；borrow“借用”；return“归还。问句句意:爱丽丝，我可以借用你的平板电脑吗？所以答案选C。例 3:Excuse me,How long can I(借用)this book?-For two weeks.【答案】keep【解析】句意为不好意思，我能借用这本书多长时间?how long多长时间，多久，是时间段。Keep是延续性动词，可以和表示一段时间的词连用。4.bring,take,carry 和 fetch 的用法。都有“拿”的意思，但用法差别很大，切勿混同。1)bring“拿来、带来”强调从别处带某人或某物来到说话人所在地。如：The teacher asked the stu
15、dents to bring their dictionaries to the class.2)take“拿走、带走”强调人或事物离开说话人所在地，与 bring的关系相当于go与 come的相对关系。如：May I take this magazine home?3)fetch 去取来、去拿来”指去取了东西又回来这一往返过程，相当于go and bring,但不同于bring,如：Please fetch me some chalk.批注：get与 fetch意思相似，多用于口语。Go and get/fetch some water.4)carry”携带、搬运”强调某物从甲地移至乙地，带
16、有物体随身移动但无固定方向。如：He carried the box upstairs.例：Sam,my iPhone is in my bedroom.Could you it for me?一 No problem.A.bring B.fetch C.takeD.carry【答案】B【解析】考查动词take,bring,fetch和 carry的区别。take指把东西“从近处带到远处”，bring指把东西“从远处带到近处%fetch指“去把东西取来”，can y一般指把带东西“带走%且是较重的物品。本题根据句意是“去取来所以选择B 答案。5.wear,put on 和 dress,be i
17、n 的区别1)wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思相当于be in,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。Tom always wears black shoes.2)put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。Its cold.Youd better put on your coat.3)dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作为不及物动词，表示“穿着”解时，常用于be dressed in+衣服/颜色固定句型中。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dress s b.(给某人穿衣服)，而
18、wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即 wear sth,(穿着衣物She always dresses well.Mary is dressing her child.4)be in+表示颜色或衣服的词是系表结构，强调“穿着”“戴着”的状态。The girl in white is my best friend.穿着白色衣服的女孩是我最好的朋友例：The child doesnt need any help.He is old enough to himself.A.put on B.wear C.dressD.take care【答案】C【解析】考查词语辨析。pu
19、t on意为“穿上”，表示动作；wear意为“穿着”，表示状态；put on和 wear的宾语都是服装。dress意为“穿着；打扮”，其宾语为人。而 take care后面跟宾语时，必须加of。根 据 himself可以判断用dress,所以选择答案C批注：在英语中，表示穿的词还有o n 常用句型为sth look adj+on sb 二 sb look adj in sthYou look beautiful in the dress=The dress looks beautiful on you.6.take,spend,cost,pay 和 afford 的用法。1)take 指做某事
20、用多少时间，句型是：It takes/took/will take+sb.+some time+to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work.It will take you a whole week to travel through the forest.2)spend 指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。句型是：sb spends+money/time+on something/(in)doing sth.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.Mother spent her evenin
21、gs(in)washing clothes.3)cost的主语是物，意为某物花费某人多少钱The coat cost me 50 yuan yesterday.4)pay的主语是人，句 型 是 sb pay(s)money for I paid fbr 50 yuan for the coat.5)afford的主语也是人，意思是支付得起，买的起，常用句型是：afford to do sth/afford sthMany Africans are very poor and so they cant afford to eat much meat.例 1：It about eight minu
22、tes fbr the light to travel from the sun to the earth.A.pays B.costs C.spends D.takes【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：光从太阳到地球需要大约8 分钟的时间。此处是句类型：It takes time to do sth.的搭配，A.pays用人做主语，B.costs用物做主语，主要用于花钱方面，C.spends 也是用人做主语。故这三项都不符合。故选B。例 2：Have you finished your homework,Sure?Yes.It me an hour to do it.A.spent B.
23、took C.cost D.paid【答案】B【解析拷查动词辨析。句意:你已经完成你的作业了吗？是的。做作业花费了我一小时。根据短语Ittakes/tooksbsome time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事，可知空格出应填took。故选B。7.reach,get 和 arrive 的区别1)reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。After the train had left,they reached the station2)get是不及物动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to,如 get home/there/here等。When
24、the students got to the cinema,the film had begun.3)arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用 arrive a t,到达一个大地方时用arrive in。后面接副词时,介词要省略，如 arrive here/there.The soldiers arrived at a small villageThe foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.批注：如果不指明到达的地点，只用arrive.When I arrived,they werent here.例 1：When will the
25、 plane Shanghai?一Sorry,I dont know.A.get B.arrive at C.reachD.arrive【答案】C【解析评题考查表示“到达”的易混动词辨析。get为不及物动词，表示达到某地时用get to,故排除A 项;arrive为不及物动词，arrive a t 后接小地点；arrive in 后接大地点，由空格后Shanghai（上海）可排除B 项；reach为及物动词，后可直接跟地点，故选C。例 2：When will you（到达）？【答案】arrive【解析】后面没有具体的地点，表示到达时，用 arrive.8.used to do sth/get/
26、be used to doing sth/be used to do sthD u sed to d o 过去常常做某事，后接动词原形作谓语。批注：used to d o 的否定形式有两种即didnt use t o 和 usedrTtto,同学们要注意。2）get used to（doing）sth.习 惯（做）某事，强调动作，非延续不能与时间段连用（否定句除外）3）be used to（doing）sth.习 惯（做）某事，强调状态，延续,能与时间段连用4）be used to do sth 被用来去做某事例 1：Her father a taxi driver.Now he works
27、for a charity.A.used to be B.is used to being C.isD.is used to be【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语的用法。句意：她的爸爸以前是一位出租车司机，现在为慈善而工作。used t o 意为“过去经常”;be used to意为 习惯于故选A。例 2：During the Spring Festival,the young kowtow（磕头）to the elders,but now they only give them bestwishes.A.used to give B.were used to give C.were used
28、to giving D.used to giving【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：春节期间，年轻人过去常常给长辈们磕头，但现在他们仅仅是送去美好祝福。used to do sth 过去经常做某事；be used to do sth 被用来做某事；be used to doing s th 习惯做某事；根据语境可知是过去经常磕头，现在不这样做了。故选A。9.offer/provide/supply1）offer：offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb为某人提供某物2）provide：provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb.为
29、某人供应某物3）supply：supply sb.with sth=supply sth.to sb.为某人提供某物例 1：-Are you going to Tibet for vacation?-Yes.I want you to me with some information about it.A.offer B.give C.showD.provide【答案】D【解析】offer 的用法是 offer sb sth=offer sth to sb;give/show sb sth=give/show sth to sb;provide sb withsth=provide sth f
30、or sb.所以正确答案为D10.join/join in/take part inD join可用来表示加入某个政党、团体、组织等，指成为其中的成员。My uncle joined the Party in 1989.We are going for a swim.Will you come and join u s.我们要去游泳，你和我们一起去好吗？2)join in 表“加入、参与”某种活动，后接名词或动词的in g 形式，表“参加某人的活动”可以说：join sb.in(doing)sth.He joined them in the work.Will you join us in p
31、laying basketball?3)take part in 指“参加”会议、考试、竞赛或群众性活动，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。The teacher took part in our discussion yesterday.When will you take part in the meeting?批注：join in 后面可以不跟宾语。而 take part in 后面必须跟宾语。如：Let me join i n.让我参加吧。例 1：What are you going to do?-Nothing much.-Why not us in the play.?
32、A.take part in B.attend C.joinD.join in【答案】C【解析】take partin指加入大型的活动，并在活动中起作用。Attend指出席会议，婚礼，演讲等。Join指加入某个组织，join in sth 加入某事。所以选C11.beat/win/lose1)beat“打赢”“战胜”。用于比赛时，后接宾语是战胜对手，表示“赢了某人”。Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.We are sure to beat them.2)win，赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词，后接宾语是表示某种比赛的名词或战争，而不
33、是参加比赛的对手 We won the basketball game.Who won the race?3）lose则表示 输了“，常用句型：lose sth.to sb.Unluckily we lost the match to class three.12.have been to/have been in/have gone to1）have been to.表示：“曾经到过某处”但目前人未在那儿。Where have you been?I have been to Beijing.2）have been in 表示：“去了某地，并曾在 那 儿（一段时间），或现在仍在那儿。She h
34、as been in Shanghai for a few weeks.3）have gone t o.表示：“去了”指人已经走了，（至少目前不在说话的地点，在去的途中或已经到目的地）。如：Kate isnt at home,She has gone to school.例 1:Hello,may I speak to Mr.Smith?一 Sorry,he isnt in.He the office.A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been away【答案】B【解析】has been to表示去过某地，现在已经回来;has gong to表示去了某地，现在
35、还没回来。由答语中“Sorry,he isn in”可 知“史密斯先生不在家，他去了办公室。故选B.例2:“Have you ever been to Tokyo?Yes,I there twice.Its a modem city.A.have gone B.have been C.had goneD.had been【答案】B【解析】问句用的是现在完成时，答句也应该用现在完成时，前后时态一致。have gone意为“去过，但还没回来”；have been意为“去了，回来了九 根据句意：你去过东京吗？我去过两次，它是一个现代城市。故选B.13.lose/forget/leaveLose意为丢
36、失,失去;forget意为忘记（记忆中的东西），后不加地点状语.忘记去做某事为forget to do sth;leavesth+地点状语，意为把某物落在某地。I lost my bike yesterday.Im sorry.I forgot your name.Im sorry.I left my homework at home.批注：区别forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事例 1：By the time I locked the door,I realized I my keys at home.A.had repaired B
37、.had changed C.had forgotten D.had left【答案】D【解析】本题重点考查forget与 leave作“忘记”讲时的区别，forget:忘记事件，leave:忘记实物。本题是说:到我锁上门的时候，我意识到我把钥匙忘在屋了。所以应选D。同学们可以这样记忆这两个词的用法区别：forget真特殊，一接地状变leave.1 4.感官动词 hear,see,feel,watch,notice,find,catch,look at;hear;listen to 的用法归纳总结：（感官动词+sb.do/doing/sth done）。1.后接不带to 的不定式表示一个发生过
38、或者还没发生具体的动作When you go to watch the football match,you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.2.后接V-ing形式表示正在进行的动作。Hearing this,I felt my heart beating fast.3.后 接 V-ed形式表示被动意义。Although I had learnt some English,I had never heard a word of it spoken.试 比 较（注意理解）：1）I heard him sing a song.我听他唱
39、了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。2）I heard him singing a s o n g.我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。3）I heard a song sung.我 听 见（有人）唱 歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。）例 1：When I passed the classroom,I heard a girl in it.A.sing B.losing C.sangD.singing【答案】D【解析】句意为当我经过教室的时候，我听见一个小女孩在里面正在唱歌。只能在A 和 D 两个选项进行选择,A 表示已经做完了，D 为表示动作正在进行。所以根据题意选D例 2：一Is
40、 Tom in the next room?Well,its hard to say.But I heard him loudly when I passed by just now.A.speak B.to speak C.spoken D.speaking【答案】D【解析】hear后可以接三种动词形式，动词原形表示全过程，过去分词表示被动意义；现在分词表示正在进行。根据句意，表示动作正在进行，所以选D1 5.辨析 reply;answerreply表“回复、答复”，是不及物动词，常 与 to 连用后才能接宾语。answer表“回答”，是及物动词，后面可直接接宾语。例 1：You must
41、me soon.A.answer to B.reply to C.write D.speak to【答案】B【解析】eply表回复、答复”，是不及物动词，常与to连用后才能接宾语。answer表“回答”，是及物动词，后面可直接接宾语。故答案为B。1 6.辨析 receive;acceptreceive表示“客观上收到”是一种被动的接受。accept则表示“主观上接受”反义词为refuse.例 1：I a strange gift yesterday,and I still dont know who it was from.A.took B.accepted C.received D.brou
42、ght【答案】C【解析】receive表示“客观上收到.”是一种被动的接受。；accept则表示“主观上接受”反义词为refuse.句意：我昨天收到一个奇怪的礼物，我现在仍无不知道是谁送的。故答案为C。【知识梳理2】中考常考动词短语辨析l.look+介词/副词的短语有：look afler 照顾，照料；look around 环顾；look at 看；look down on/upon 蔑视，看不起；look for 寻找；look into调查；look out当心；look through浏览,检查；look forward to 期待，盼望等。例 1；Grandmother lives
43、with my parents.They her every day.A.look at B.look after C.look for D.look up【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的奶奶和我父母住在一起。他们每天照顾她。look a t 看；look after照顾；look for寻找。由语境可知选B例 J 2：These new types of energy cost very little and will never.A.look out B.come out C.run outD.stay out【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些新能源成本很低，而且
44、将永远用不完。look out小心，留意；come out出来，出版，发芽；rim out用完；stay out留在户外，不在家。分析四个选项可知“用完”符合句意。故选C。2.put+介词/副词的短语有：put back把.放回原处；put down放下，镇压；put off迟，拖延；put on穿上，戴上，增加，上演，put out扑灭；put up举起，张贴，搭建例 1：The photos that won the first prize in the competition will be on the website.A.put away B.put off C.put upD.pu
45、t on【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：在比赛中获得一等奖的照片将张贴在网站上。put off推迟，拖延；putaway收起来，放好；put o n 穿上；put up张贴，建造。主语“照片”提示和动词短语put up构成被动关系，“张贴照片”符合句意，故选C。例 2：Have you heard of the big fire that broke out at Hao Yixing Clothes Market on June 2nd?Yes.Luckily,hundreds of firemen immediately drove there and the fire.A.p
46、ut off B.put away C.put downD.put out【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你听说了 6 月 2 日发生在宜兴宜兴服装市场的大火了吗？是的。幸运的是，数百名消防员立刻开车赶到那里一大火。p u t则 推 迟；put away放好，收起来；put down放下；put out扑灭。根据语境可知，消防员及时赶来，扑灭了大火。故选D。3.turn+介词/副词的短有：turn back 往回走；turn down 调低，关 小,拒绝；turn into（使）变成；turn off 关掉；turn on 打开；turn out 结果是，证明是；turn to 求助
47、于，转向；turn up调高，到达，出现等例 1：Please the TV.Its time to go to bed.A.turn on B.turn off C.put on D.put off【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。句意：请关掉电视，该睡觉了。turn on”打开、turn of关掉、put on穿上、”put推迟，根据下文”got。bed”可知，此处指关掉电视，故选B。例 2：How is our government going to deal with the office building?It will be a library.A.turned off B.turn
48、ed on C.turned outD.turned into【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的政府将如何处理办公楼？将会被改建成一个图书馆？turned off关掉；turned on打开；turned o u t结果是，证明是；turned into把变成。分析四个选项可知“把变成”符合句意。故选D。4.break+介词/副词的短语有：break down击败，摧毁；发生故障，（身体）垮掉；break out爆发；break up打碎；分解；驱散；分手；breakinto破门而人；break away突然离开；逃脱；脱离等。5.get+介词/副词的短语有：get throug
49、h到达，做完，通过，度过，打通（电话）；get in进入，陷入；get on上车，进展，融洽相处；get off下车，下来；get along进展，融洽相处；例：I took the subway and at the downtown station.A.got through B.got over C.got on D.got off【答案】D【解析】考查短语动词词义辨析。句意：一我乘坐地铁在市中心站下车。get through“通过”；get over“克服困难”；geton“上车；get of产下车”。根据句意，故选D6.take+介词/副词的短语有：take o ff起飞；脱下；ta
50、ke aw ay拿走；take o u t拿出；take dow n写下，记下；tak eu p 占据，从事；例：Simon failed the exam again.一Thats not surprising.Computer games too much of his time.A.take in B.take on C.take offD.take up【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。句 b 意：西蒙又考试失败了。不要惊讶，电脑游戏占据了他太多的时间。表示“占据、占 用*应 用 take up。故选D【课堂检测】一、单选选择1.Her father a taxi driver.Now