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1、 三年(2017-2019)年高考真题分项汇编 专题 09 定语从句 一、2019 年高考真题 1.【2019 江苏卷单项填空】21.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A.which B.what C.when D.that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入到了一个时代,在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行 词为 an age(一个时代),且先行词在从句中做时间状语,所以关系词用 when。故选 C。2.【2019 天津卷单项填空】11.Their child
2、is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A.why B.where C.which D.what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中 she can say individual words but not full sentences 是一个定语从句,先行词是 the stage,关系词在定语从句中 作地点状语,用关系副词 where,故选 B。3.【2019 新课标 I 卷短文改错】One afternoon where I was
3、 in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行词 one afternoon 表示时间在定语从句中作状语,所以关系词使用 when。故 将 where 改为 when。4.【2019 新课标 II 卷语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in M
4、acclesfield,_62_ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】where 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为 the pet shop,在非限制性定语从句中作 opened 一词的宾语,故用 which。5.【2019 新课标 III 卷语法填空】They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who 1 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主
5、人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为 masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who。6.【2019 新课标 III 卷短文改错】In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment is created for them.【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词 environment 在从句
6、中做主语,指物,关系代词用 that/which。故 把 what 改为 that/which。7.【2019 浙江卷语法填空】On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是 cloth ,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用 that 或 which 引导。故填 that/which。8.【2019 北京卷语法填空】What students do at college seems to ma
7、tter much more than _8_ they go.【答案】where 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所 大学,表示地点,作状语。故用 where。9.【2019 北京卷语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_3_ are totally engaged(
8、参与)in academic life.是定语从句,修饰先行词 those,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填 who 或 that 。二、2018 年高考真题 1.【2018 北京】5.She and her family bicycle to work,_ helps them keep fit.A.which B.who C.as D.that 【答案】A 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“_ helps 天津卷单项填空答案解析考查定语从句句意他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段句中是一个定语示时间在定语从句中作状语所以关系词
9、使用故将改为新课标卷语法填空答案解析考查非限制性定语从句分析句子结构的主人训练地很好它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验先行词为主人且从句缺主语故关系词填新课标卷短文改错2 天津卷单项填空答案解析考查定语从句句意他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段句中是一个定语示时间在定语从句中作状语所以关系词使用故将改为新课标卷语法填空答案解析考查非限制性定语从句分析句子结构的主人训练地很好它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验先行词为主人且从句缺主语故关系词填新课标卷短文改错 them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系 代词 wh
10、ich 引导。A 选项正确。点睛:非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分,也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从 句的判断规则一致,即:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是,that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。2.【2018 天津】2.Kae,_sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.A.whom B.that C.whose D.her 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候,我和
11、她的姐姐共 住一室。分析句子,句中先行词为 Kate,在非限定性定语从句中作名词 sister 的定语,故用关系代词 whose。故选 C。点睛:本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一,分析定语从句需抓住两点:1.找准先行词;2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点,再根据句意,从而能够判断出正确的关系词。3.【2018 江苏】23.Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A.that B.where C.which D.when 【答案】B 【解
12、析】考查定语从句。句意:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词 为 area,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词 where,相当于 in which。故选 B。点睛:本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一,分析定语从句需抓住两点:1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点,再根据句意,从而能够判断出正确的关系词。4.【2018 新课标 I 卷语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10
13、minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes(cause).【答案】that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处 a study 是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填 that 或 which 。4.【2018 新课标 I 卷短文改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by
14、selling the fish.【答案】which 改成 in which 或 where 3 天津卷单项填空答案解析考查定语从句句意他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段句中是一个定语示时间在定语从句中作状语所以关系词使用故将改为新课标卷语法填空答案解析考查非限制性定语从句分析句子结构的主人训练地很好它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验先行词为主人且从句缺主语故关系词填新课标卷短文改错 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处 a small pond 是先行词,其在 后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用 in which 或 where 。5.【2018
15、 新课标 II 卷语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started_(start)a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives 可知,该空缺少主语,
16、指代 program 并且引 导后面的句子。指物用 that/which,故填 that 或者 which 。6.【2018 新课标 II 卷语法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that 或 who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是 westerners 指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词 who/that 引导,故填 who/that 。
17、三、2017 年高考真题 1.【2017 北京卷】31.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.that B.as C.where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析:句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_ we meet in our daily lives 是定语从句,从句缺少宾语,先行词是 problems,用 that。考点:考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词(who,whom,whose,th
18、at,which,as 等)和关系副词(when,where,why 等)。1.关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语,定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。eg.An architect is a person who/that designs houses and buildings.The city where/in which I was born is on the new railway line.2.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。4 天津卷单项填空答案解析考查定语从句
19、句意他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段句中是一个定语示时间在定语从句中作状语所以关系词使用故将改为新课标卷语法填空答案解析考查非限制性定语从句分析句子结构的主人训练地很好它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验先行词为主人且从句缺主语故关系词填新课标卷短文改错 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处 a small pond 是先行词,其在 后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用 in which 或 where 。5.【2018 新课标 II 卷语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that betwe
20、en 2005when the government _started_(start)a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives 可知,该空缺少主语,指代 program 并且引 导后面的句子。指物用 that/which,故填 that 或者 which 。6.【2018 新课标
21、 II 卷语法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that 或 who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是 westerners 指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词 who/that 引导,故填 who/that 。三、2017 年高考真题 1.【2017 北京卷】31.The little problems _ we meet in our d
22、aily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.that B.as C.where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析:句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_ we meet in our daily lives 是定语从句,从句缺少宾语,先行词是 problems,用 that。考点:考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词(who,whom,whose,that,which,as 等)和关系副词(when,where,why 等)。1.关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句
23、中充当主语、宾语,定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。eg.An architect is a person who/that designs houses and buildings.The city where/in which I was born is on the new railway line.2.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。4 天津卷单项填空答案解析考查定语从句句意他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段句中是一个定语示时间在定语从句中作状语所以关系词使用故将改为新课标卷语法填空答
24、案解析考查非限制性定语从句分析句子结构的主人训练地很好它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验先行词为主人且从句缺主语故关系词填新课标卷短文改错 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处 a small pond 是先行词,其在 后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用 in which 或 where 。5.【2018 新课标 II 卷语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started_(start)a soil-testing program
25、_69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives 可知,该空缺少主语,指代 program 并且引 导后面的句子。指物用 that/which,故填 that 或者 which 。6.【2018 新课标 II 卷语法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in
26、their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that 或 who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是 westerners 指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词 who/that 引导,故填 who/that 。三、2017 年高考真题 1.【2017 北京卷】31.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.that B.as C.
27、where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析:句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_ we meet in our daily lives 是定语从句,从句缺少宾语,先行词是 problems,用 that。考点:考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词(who,whom,whose,that,which,as 等)和关系副词(when,where,why 等)。1.关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语,定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。eg.An architect i
28、s a person who/that designs houses and buildings.The city where/in which I was born is on the new railway line.2.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。4 天津卷单项填空答案解析考查定语从句句意他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段句中是一个定语示时间在定语从句中作状语所以关系词使用故将改为新课标卷语法填空答案解析考查非限制性定语从句分析句子结构的主人训练地很好它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验先行词为主人且从句缺主语故关系词填新课标卷
29、短文改错 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处 a small pond 是先行词,其在 后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用 in which 或 where 。5.【2018 新课标 II 卷语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started_(start)a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011
30、,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives 可知,该空缺少主语,指代 program 并且引 导后面的句子。指物用 that/which,故填 that 或者 which 。6.【2018 新课标 II 卷语法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat o
31、ut.【答案】that 或 who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是 westerners 指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词 who/that 引导,故填 who/that 。三、2017 年高考真题 1.【2017 北京卷】31.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.that B.as C.where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析:句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_ we meet
32、 in our daily lives 是定语从句,从句缺少宾语,先行词是 problems,用 that。考点:考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词(who,whom,whose,that,which,as 等)和关系副词(when,where,why 等)。1.关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语,定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。eg.An architect is a person who/that designs houses and buildings.The city where/in
33、 which I was born is on the new railway line.2.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。4 天津卷单项填空答案解析考查定语从句句意他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段句中是一个定语示时间在定语从句中作状语所以关系词使用故将改为新课标卷语法填空答案解析考查非限制性定语从句分析句子结构的主人训练地很好它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验先行词为主人且从句缺主语故关系词填新课标卷短文改错 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处 a small pond 是先行词,其在 后面的定语从
34、句中作地点状语,故用 in which 或 where 。5.【2018 新课标 II 卷语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started_(start)a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that 或 which 【解析】考
35、查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives 可知,该空缺少主语,指代 program 并且引 导后面的句子。指物用 that/which,故填 that 或者 which 。6.【2018 新课标 II 卷语法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that 或 who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是 westerners 指人,在定语从句
36、中做主语,用关系代词 who/that 引导,故填 who/that 。三、2017 年高考真题 1.【2017 北京卷】31.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.that B.as C.where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析:句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_ we meet in our daily lives 是定语从句,从句缺少宾语,先行词是 problems,用 that。考点:考查定语从句。【名
37、师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词(who,whom,whose,that,which,as 等)和关系副词(when,where,why 等)。1.关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语,定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。eg.An architect is a person who/that designs houses and buildings.The city where/in which I was born is on the new railway line.2.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。4 天津卷单项填空答案解析考查定语从句句意他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段句中是一个定语示时间在定语从句中作状语所以关系词使用故将改为新课标卷语法填空答案解析考查非限制性定语从句分析句子结构的主人训练地很好它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验先行词为主人且从句缺主语故关系词填新课标卷短文改错