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1、中小学教学参考资料教学设计教育论文随堂检测扬州市2020年初中毕业、升学统一考试英语试题说明:1.本试卷共8页,包含选择题(第1题第45题,共45题)、非选择题(第46 题第81题,共36题)两部分。满分120分,考试时间为100分钟。考试结束后, 请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。Without enough manpower, Singapore is turning to robotics to reduce the manpower required for park patrols and remind people about the risks they may be putting
2、themselves and others in.The question, however, is whether their use of Spot will be a good tool or will or only attract more people to it instead.If the two-week experimeni proves successful, (he government will consider using Spot at the park during peak hours. Singapore will also do studies to se
3、e if it s worth using other Spots in other parks. Already, Singapore engineers are trying to improve Spot, making it (ell if people are together in a group or strangers passing on the grass.No one knows if Spot will stay after the pandemic is gone, but one thing is for sure: the robot is the hardest
4、 working dog in the world.42. Why is Spot used at Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park?A. To draw visitors attention to it.B. To help encourage social distancing.C. lb read and record visitors faces.D. To help collect private information.43. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to(指的是).A. visitorsB. s
5、trangersC. camerasD. officersWhat can we learn from the last 3 paragraphs?A. The experiment is still in progress.B. The use of Spot proves to be a goodtool.C. Spot will stay after the pandemic is over.D. Singapore will no longer need otherSpot robots.44. According to the passage, which of the follow
6、ing is TRUE?A. Spot scares people into keeping a distance in public.B. Spot patrols the park for two weeks during peak hours.C. Spot can tell people together in a group from strangers passing by.D. The parks officer nearby decides on the enforcement instead of Spot.四、词汇运用根据句子意思,用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填
7、空。在答题卡标 有题号的横线上,写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。(每空一词)45. The writer uses his life in his writing, (daughter)(han a lie. (safe)(han a lie. (safe)1.1 1( seemed to him that truth would be48 .He has the most beautiful blue eyes I have ever. (see).Il will take about two months if everything goes_ . (smooth)50 .Kate isal
8、one while her kids at a nearby table are chatting happily. (sit).Nothingmore than peoples safety and health.(要紧)51 .Though your children areyou, they are not yours.(与在一起).I get in trouble, I ask Grandma to come over for dinner.(无论何时)54.In1799 Wordsworth and Dorothy moved into their first Lakeland ho
9、me (十二月).One should have aof right and wrong, or a person cant be trusted.(观念)五、任务型阅读阅读下面短文,根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题卡标有题号的横线上,写出空缺处 所填单词的正确形式。(每空一词)The pilot, Antoine De Saint-Exupery, who wrote The Little Prince, died long ago, but the fictional pilot, who (old the story, is as alive today as he was many
10、 years ago, along with his Prince, the fox, the rose and the snake.This timeless tale touches upon childhood and growing up. It opens with the reminder: All grown-ups were once children-but few of them remember it. The pilot in this story loses that part of himself. After a stay in the desert with t
11、he little prince, he finds his inner child again. It is a simple story with life lessons. Here are some.One only understands the things that one tames (驯服).Seeing the thousands of roses that look just like his rose makes the prince feel as if he was tricked by his flower. The fox shows him laming so
12、meone takes time. The prince understands the nature of relationships: the time he has wasted on his rose makes her so important.The fbx, as his parting gift, shares his secret with the prince: One can see rightly with the heart. What is essential (very iinportant and necessary) is invisible (not be
13、seen) to the eye. When the pilot shows his picture about the snake eating the elephant, adults only see it as a hat. Adults cant see whats inside the snake. What is on the surface is not what matters. This truth sets (he little prince free. He decides (o join his rose back on his planet.Has he retur
14、ned to his planet and his rose? The ending exists in the imagination of every reader as well as the pilot. After all. it is a book with something for everyone.56is The Little Prince a book for everyone?ReasonsSupporting detailsA timeless taleThe Little Prince remains a classic novel of all57.The boo
15、k talks about childhood and growing up. The pilot forgets he was58achild as he grows up. After a stay with the little prince in the desert, he finds the59part of himself.A simple storywith life60 One only understands the things that one tames.It takes time to tame someone.What really matters to the
16、prince is his61because he has“wastcd“ time on her. What is essential is invisible to the eye.Adults62the pilots picture for a hat because they can look beyond thesurface.What matters is whals 63.After learning the64, the prince decides to return to his planet.An open-ended storyIt allows the reader
17、and (he pilot to65their endings of the book.六、缺词填空根据短文内容和首字母提示,在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的 横线上,完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born. We w 66 whether we should move back to our home country Brazil. I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how differ
18、ent his life would be there.During (he ten years away from my big family and my culture, I missed the delicious foods, samba, Brazilian jujitsu(柔术),and sunny skies. My wife m67 our homeland too. As amusician, it would be e 68 for her to do her work in Brazil. But in ihe United Kingdom, I had the fun
19、ding and lab resources for my research. Would such a move be a disadvantage to mycareer?A few weeks later, my brother called from Brazil, telling me that our father had passed away.The great happiness I felt about my sons birth suddenly gave way to deep s 69 We had no doubt it was the right time to
20、r 70 to Brazil. We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and b 71 received offers.H 72, it wasnt easy getting started with my research in Brazil. I didnt receive anystart-up funding fbr my lab. Now, thanks to Brazilian funding, I have a team of bright young scientists a
21、nd can a 73 expensive lab resources.We are living the lives we wanted to live-working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and c 74 in our home country. My son is growing up close to his cousins. I take up Brazilian jujitsu training, which I havent been able to do during my years a
22、 75. Mywife and I feel happy to find a way home.七、书面表达将下列句子译成英语,并将所译句子写在答题卡标有题号的横线上。76 .这个暑假你打算做什么?77 .训练学生的生活技能很重要。78 .我很自豪我父亲是一名医生。79 .自古以来,许多名人留下了赞誉扬州之美的著名诗篇。80 .如果你想深入了解野鸭,高邮湖是观察它们的最佳去处之一。B.写作81.为倡导绿色环保新时尚,学校将开展以创建“绿色校园”为主题的英语演讲比赛。 请你以G。green at school”为题,根据表格中的内容要点写一份英语演讲稿,号召全体同 学行动起来,共建美好校园。Pu
23、rposesdevelop a green lifestyleActionssave resources1. save paper: reuse the textbooks; use both sides of the paper2. save .: two examples3. save .: two examplesreduce pollution1. take care of the trees and flowers2.Hopes要求:(1)表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;(2)必须包括表格中所有要点内容,并适当发挥;(3)词数:100词左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);(4)不
24、得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。Go green a( schoolHi, guys,Isnt it pleasant to study in an environmentally friendly school? To develop a green lifestyle, wc students can go green at school in smaller ways.Thats all. Thank you!2020年北京市高级中等学校招生考试语文试卷考生须知:L本试卷共12页,共五道大题,24道小题,满分100分。考试时间150分钟。2 .在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号
25、和座位号。3 .试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4 .在答题卡上,选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5 .考试结束,将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。一、基础运用(共14分)2020年“中国水周”的主题是“坚持节水优先,建设幸福河湖”。学校组织同学们参与“中 国水周”的宣传,准备举办“京华水韵”展览。请你完成下列任务。1 .同学们准备从书法作品中搜集单字组成展板标题,对于“水”字的选择产生了争议。请 你依据“字体一致,和谐美观”的原则,选择最恰当的一项。()A.B.C.D.2 . 一位同学负责拟写并讲解前言。请阅读这段文字,完成各题。“春湖落日水拖篮,天影
26、楼台上下涵。十里青山行画里,双飞白乌似江南。”明代书画 家文徵明曾在诗中生动地描绘了北京的湖光山色【甲】据考证,古都北京既有海淀、南海子 等众多水乡湿地,也有无数水井和泉池:既有宽阔繁忙的运河水道,也有难以计数的古桥间 口。你也许会想北京是否有过这般“似江南”的水乡泽国之景【乙】让我们开启一段时光之 旅,寻访京城水脉,感受京华水韵。(1)这位同学对文段中两个加点字的意思和读音,以及【甲】【乙】两处的标点产生了疑问。 请你帮他选出判断正确的一项。(). “行”在诗中是“流通”的意思,应读xMg。B. “泊”在此处是“湖”的意思,应读bo.C.【甲】处应填入句号,表示陈述语气D.【乙】处应填入问号
27、,表示疑问语气。(2)为了向参观者讲解“泽国”的意思,这位同学查阅字典,找到“国”字的三个解释: 国家:国都,京城:地域。请你帮他解释“泽国”在此处的意思。3 .展览内容分三个单元,同学们为这三个单元分别拟写了标题和引言。阅读文段,完成各 题。第一单元,碧水泗京城古永定河的冲积与改道,为北京提供了肥沃的土地,留下了大量沏沼和丰富的地下水。 战国时期,蓟运河水系就已开通水路运输。元明清三朝,京杭大运河成为连接南北经济、保 障京城物资输送的交通大动脉。今天,潮白河水系承担着为北京输送生产生活用水的重任, 是首都的生命线。在北京3000多年的建城史、800多年的建都史上,这些水系发挥了重要 作用,滋
28、养了古老的幽燕大地。第二单元,生态治河湖北京是一座人口超两千万的特大型城市。为保障城市供水,管理者着力建构多水源保障 体系,并努力建设节水型社会。如今,南水北调工程已使上千万人直接受益,北京也连续十 七年保持“全国节水型城市”称号。要保障水资源,也要改善水环境。用生态的办法治理生 态问题,让许多河湖告别了 “亚健康”,水生态系统生物多样性明显提高。北京有信心打好 这场碧水保卫战,交出一份出色的答卷。第三单元 人水相亲,古都添画意生态补水后的永定河重新焕发青春,绿头鸭、白天鹅逐水而来,给京城增添了勃勃生 机。经过治理的大运河碧波荡漾,人们可以观赏白鹭在河面翩翩起舞,体会与自然和谐相 处的美好。遁
29、入地下多年的转河“重见天日”,河水清浅,弱柳扶风,像一幅恢宏壮丽的 画卷,让人们感到别样的清新。曾经被填埋地下近半个世纪的玉河,如今穿街走巷,波光 粼粼,宛如闹市中的一条玉带,成为人们休憩的好去处。(1)同学们就第一单元和第二单元标题的拟定展开讨论,你认为下列选填词语最恰当的一 项是()A.源远流长开源节流B.源源不断开源节流C.源远流长细水长流D.源源不断细水长流(2)第三单元引言的四个句子都运用了修辞方法,你认为其中修辞方法运用不怆学的一句 是()A.第句B.第句C.第句D.第句4 .下面这段文字是为展览拟写的结语。根据语境,画线的句子表达欠妥,请你帮助修改。“坚持节水优先,建设幸福河湖”
30、,是2020年“中国水周”的主题,也是北京治水 工作的重要内容。坚持节水优先,并非简单地限制用水,而是合理用水,高效用水。治 理河湖,也并非单纯地治污补水,还包括用生态的方法解决生态问题,让河湖成为人们的幸 福源泉。建设幸福河沏,满足百姓美好生活美好;节约用水,助力水都水资源保障。请和我们一起节约用水,共绘幸福河湖画卷,让首都北京水韵绵长。5 .通过筹办“京华水韵”展览,同学们对2020年“中国水周”的主题“坚持节水优先,建 设幸福河湖”有了真切的感受。请用“虽然但是”的句式,写出你的感受。【答案】1.B2. (1) C (2)泽国:多水的地域3 . (1) A (2) C4 .节约用水,助力
31、首都水资源保障:建设幸福河湖,满足百姓美好生活愿景。5 .示例1:坚持节水优先虽然可能会带来暂时的不便,但是从长远来看,建设幸福河湖更有 利于可持续发展。示例2:虽然治理水环境仍然任重而道远,但是我相信通过大家的努力,碧水清韵的北京, 一定会重现。【解析】【1题详解】本题考查书法字体。书法字体,传统讲共有行书字体、草书字体、隶书字体、篆书字体和楷 书字体五种。书法作品中的“京、华、韵”三个字,横平竖直,规矩整齐,是楷体。这四个 “水”分别是A.蚕头雁尾应为隶书、B.楷书、C.行书、D.草书。故本题选B。【2题详解】(1)本题考查字词读音、释义,标点符号的用法。A. “十里青山行画里”意思是在十
32、里青山中,像在画中行走一样,“行”是“行走”的意思, 解释不正确,排除;B. “水泊湿地”中,“泊”是“湖”的意思,应读p。,读音不正确,排除;“明代书画家文徵明曾在诗中生动地描绘了北京的湖光山色”是陈述句,与前面的描写是 一个完整的句子,此处结束,故【甲】处应填的是句号,正确;C. “你也许会想北京是否有过这般似江南的水乡泽国之景”,这是一句陈述句,因此句 末【乙】处还是使用句号。选项不正确;故本题选C。(2)本题考查字词释义。水乡泽国:这是一个并列式词语,意思是大小湖泊、河川、渠道, 密如蛛网的地域。再根据前文“水井泉池、运河水道、古桥闸口”可以判断,这里的“国” 的含义不在于国家(仅指北
33、京地区),也不在于强调“首都”,而是指“多水的地域”因此,“国”的义项应为地域。泽国:多水的地域。【3题详解】(1)本题考查标题的拟定。源远流长:源头很远,水流很长,比喻历史悠久,根底深厚。从第一单元“战国时期,蓟运 河水系就已开通水路运输” “元明清三朝”“在北京3000多年的建城史、800多年的建都 史上”等句子中,可以看出,水的历史悠久,因此处选“源远流长”符合内容所写; 开源节流:开发水源,节制水流。比喻增加收入,节省开支。从第二单元“构建多重保障体 系,努力建设节水社会”可以看出,节约用水是这单元前半部分的主要内容,因此处应填 “开源节流”:故本题选A。源源不断:形容接连不断、连绵不
34、绝。多用于事物,不用于人。细水长流:“细水长流”比喻节约使用财物,使经常不缺用。也比喻一点一滴不断地做某件 事,精细安排,长远打算。在此处只对应材料中“节约”,略微片面。(2)本题考查修辞方法的辨析。句中描写遁入地下多年的转河,“河水清浅,弱柳扶风” 与后面的比喻“像一幅恢宏壮丽的画卷”不搭,特点不一致。因此本题选C。【4题详解】本题考查上下文的连贯性、致性衔接。从本题第句“坚持节水优先,建设幸福河湖”可 知,节水应该放在前面,幸福河湖放在后面,所以此句的顺序要调整为:节约用水,助力首 都水资源保障:建设幸福河湖,满足百姓美好生活愿景。【5题详解】本题考查例句仿写。用“虽然但是”的句式,写出感
35、受。示例:虽然河水、湖水治理已经初见成效,碧水蓝天已经随处可见,但是任重而道远,水的 治理仍然需要我们坚持不懈地继续努力。二、古诗文阅读(共17分)(-)默写。(共4分)6. (1)其必曰“,后天下之乐而乐”乎!(范仲淹岳阳楼记)(2) ,阴阳割昏晓。(杜甫望岳(3)座右铭是用来激励、警醒自己的格言。如果用两句古诗作为你的座右铭,你选用的诗 句是“,。(本试卷中出现的诗句除外。每句诗中允许有一个不会写的字用 拼音替代)【答案】(1).先天下之忧而忧(2).造化钟神秀(3).千锤万凿出深山(4).烈火焚烧若等闲【解析】【详解】诗词默写要求:一、不能添字,不能少字;二、字的笔画要准确。注意:造化、
36、千 锤万凿、焚烧。选择座右铭诗句时,符合“激励、警醒自己的格言”这个要求都可,注意不 能是试卷中出现过的诗句。(二)(共5分)阅读己亥杂诗(其五),完成下面小题。己亥杂诗(其五)龚自珍浩荡离愁白日斜,吟鞭东指即天涯。落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花。7 .近代学者王国维在人间词话中说“一切景语皆情语” , 这首诗的前两句,诗人写到 了 的自然之景,抒发了 之情。8 .孟浩然春晓中“夜来风雨声,花落知多少”,与本诗“落红不是无情物,化作春泥 更护花”都写到了落花。请简要说明两位诗人分别借“落花”表达怎样的情感。【答案】7.(1).白日西斜,广阔天涯 (2).离愁的无限感慨与豪放洒脱8.龚诗中“落花
37、”本指脱离花枝的花,但是,并非没有感情,而是即使化做春泥,也甘愿 培育美丽的春花成长,不为独香,而为护花,表现诗人虽然脱离官场,依然关心着国家的命 运,不忘报国之志,以此来表达他至死仍牵挂国家的一腔热情;充分表达诗人的壮怀。孟诗 中“落花”则表达了诗人对春天落花的惋惜之情和春光流逝的淡淡哀愁。【解析】【7题详解】本题考查诗词中的意象。(1)首联翻译:浩浩荡荡的离别愁绪向着日落西斜的远处延伸,离 开北京,马鞭向东一挥,感觉就是人在天涯一般。这里抓住了 “白日西斜”“天涯广阔”的 自然景象。(2) “浩荡离愁白日斜”中“浩荡离愁”直接点明了作者对离愁的无限感慨,“吟 鞭东指即天涯”则通过“天涯”这
38、个开阔的意象表现了豪放和洒脱。【8题详解】本题考查诗歌主题。(1)龚自珍的诗。翻译:我辞官归乡,有如从枝头上掉下来的落花,但 它却不是无情之物,化成了春天的泥土,还能起着培育下一代的作用。这里采用了比喻的手2 .答题前,考生务必将本人的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置上,同时 务必在试卷的装订线内将本人的姓名、准考证号、毕业学校填写好,在试卷第4 页的右下角填写好座位号。3 .所有的试题都必须在专用的“答题卡”上作答,选择题用2B铅笔作答、非选 择题在指定位置用05毫米黑色水笔作答。在试卷或草稿纸上答题无效。一、单项选择在下列各题A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个能填入题干空白处的最佳答案。
39、l.In 2016,China set April 24 as countrys Space Day.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; /2.Han clothing is becoming more popularyoung people.D. /; theA. overB. amongC. between3.hopes for a sweet home as it provides us with warmth and trust.D.aboutA. NoneB. EveryoneC. NobodyD.Somebody4 .exciting news! The Chi
40、nese team successfully arrived at the peak of Qomolangma.A. WhatB. What anC. HowD. How an. You 11 have to get your parents*if you want to go on the trip.A. achievementB. announcementC. agreementD.advertisement. Yesterday Mom me some money to buy a dictionary.A. givesB. gaveC. has givenD. wasgiving5
41、.Lucy held her head up like a queen Bill was telling his lale.A. afterB. beforeC. whileD. until.I hate rain. It never ends.一Dear, dont think of it. Try to be and enjoy things.A. carefulB. cheerfulC. usefulD. faithful.Is Su Ning fit for the task?一Hang on. Hl tell you what I think of it.A. properlyB.
42、correctlyC. exactlyD. highly 法,作者自比为落花,落花从枝头落下,化为肥料,滋养大地,为新花的成长做贡献。作者 虽然离开朝廷,但是依然关心国家的前途和命运,依然坚持对理想的追求,表现了一片拳拳 爱国之情。(2)孟浩然的诗。翻译:春天睡醒不觉天已大亮,到处是鸟儿清脆的叫声。回想 昨夜的阵阵风雨声,吹落了多少芳香的春花。第一联从听觉角度描写了7儿清脆的鸣叫,营 造了美好的、充满生机的春天的氛围,表达出对春天的喜爱之情,而第二联则从视觉角度, 运用联想,写春花被吹落到地的景象。写出了对春花凋零的怜惜,作者喜爱春天,可是春天 的花被吹落了,这是否意味着春天的逝去,故表达了对
43、春天落花的惋惜之情和春光流逝的淡 淡哀愁。(三)(共8分)阅读曹刿论战,完成下面小题。曹刿论战左传十年春,齐师伐我。公将战,曹刿请见。其乡人日:“肉食者谋之,又何间焉? ”刿日: “肉食者鄙,未能远谋。”乃入见。问:“何以战? ”公日:“衣食所安,弗敢专也,必以 分人。”对日:“小惠未遍,民弗从也。”公日:“牯牲玉帛,弗敢加也,必以信。”对日: “小信未孚,神弗福也。”公日:“小大之狱,虽不能察,必以情。”对日:“【甲】忠之 属也。可以一战。战则请从。”公与之乘,战于长勺。公将鼓之。刿日:“未可。”齐人三鼓。刿日:“可矣。”齐师 败绩。公将驰之。刿日:“未可。”下视其辙,登轼而望之,日:“可矣
44、。”遂逐齐师。既克,公问其故。对日:“夫战,勇气也。一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭。彼羯我盈,故 克之。夫大国,难测也,惧有伏,焉。【乙】吾视其辙乱,望其旗靡,故逐之。”.下列选项中加点字的意思都相同的一项是()A.曹刿请见加多识广见义勇为各抒己见B.小停未孚言而有停杳无音信 *信手拈来C.公与之来来风破浪乘虚而入来兴而来D.遂逐齐师出师未捷百万雄师仁义之师.翻译文中两处画线语句,并依据上下文对其作出进一步理解,全都正确的一项是( )【甲】忠之属也。可以一战。翻译:(这)是尽职分之类的事情。可凭借(这个条件)打一仗。理解:曹刿认为鲁庄公能够公正处理百姓的诉讼事件,与“小惠”和“小信”相比,更能赢 得
45、百姓的信任,具备了迎战的条件。【乙】吾视其辙乱,望其旗靡,故逐之。翻译:我发现他们的车印混乱,军旗也倒卜.了,所以才下令追击他们。理解:曹刿能敏锐地观察战场形势的变化,他根据“辙乱”“旗靡”判断齐师撤走了伏兵, 认为可以追击敌人了。9 .“位卑未敢忘忧国”意思是虽然身份低微,仍然不忘担忧国事。曹刿一介平民,在国家 危难之际,挺身而出,为国解忧。阅读下面两则材料,简要说明“位卑未敢忘忧国”的精神 在弦高和卜式身上是如何体现的。材料一秦穆公兴兵袭郑,过周而东。郑贾人弦高将西贩牛,道遇秦师于周、郑之间,乃矫 郑伯之命,犒以十二牛,宾秦师而却之,以存郑国。(取材于淮南子氾论训) 材料二时汉方事匈奴,式
46、上书,愿输家财半助边支 上便使问式:“欲为官乎? ”式日: “自小牧羊,不习仕宦,不愿也。”使者曰:“子何欲? ”式日:“天子诛勾奴,愚以为贤者宜死节,有财者宜输之,如此而匈奴可灭也。”(取材于汉书公孙弘卜式兄宽传) 注:袭偷袭。贾人商人,在当时社会地位不高。矫假托。犒犒劳。宾 以客礼对待。却之使秦军撤退。事这里指抵抗。式卜式。人名。输交纳。 边边防。【答案】9.D10.【甲】.弦高本是普通商人(位卑),却在面对秦军侵略时挺身而出,以他的智慧和财产令秦军 撤退,保住了郑国。卜式作为普通百姓,虽无为官的才能与意愿,但也愿意捐出一半家产资 助边防事业,为国家贡献自己的力量。【解析】【9题详解】A.
47、觐见/看见/看见/见解;B.信用/信用/消息/随便,放任;C.坐(车)/凭借,依仗/利用、趁/利用、趁;D.都是“军队”的意思;故选D。【10题详解】乙“判断齐师撤走了伏兵”错误。原文是“惧有伏焉”,意思是“恐怕(齐军)设伏”, 并非齐军真的设了伏兵。【11题详解】本题考查发散思维。首先要理解“位卑未敢忘忧国”的含义,即答题时要紧扣两个要素,一 是身份低微,二是不忘担忧国事。材料一中,“郑贾人弦高将西贩牛”写弦高本是普通商人, 即位卑;”乃矫郑伯之命,犒以十二牛,宾秦师而却之,以存郑国”写面对秦军侵略时挺身 而出,以他的智慈和财产令秦军撤退,保住了郑国,即未敢忘忧国。材料二中,“自小牧羊” 写卜式只是一个普通百姓,即位卑;“愿输家财半助边”“天子诛勾奴,愚以为贤者宜死节, 有财者宜输之,如此而匈奴可灭也”写他愿意捐出一半家产资助边防事业,为国家贡献自己 的力量,即未敢忘忧国。【点睛】参考译文:鲁庄公十年的春天,齐国军队攻打我们鲁国。鲁庄公将要迎战。曹刿请求拜见鲁庄公。他的 同乡说:“当权的人自会谋划这件事,你又何必参与呢? ”曹刿说:“